Experimental Design Analysis of Murexide Dye Removal by Carbon Produced from Waste Biomass Material

Rimene Dhahri,Lassaad Mechi,Fathi Alimi,Younes Moussaoui,Murat Yılmaz,Ridha Ben Salem,Mokhtar Guizani,Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi,Liviu Mitu

doi:10.1155/2022/9735071

Abstract

The aim of this work is to investigate the adsorption of an anionic dye, the Murexide (MX) present in aqueous solution, on activated carbon, derived from prickly pear seed cake biomass after bio-oil extraction. The obtained adsorbent used was characterized by Bohem titration, pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), FTIR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different experimental parameters of the adsorption process, such as temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, were studied. For the optimization of the process, the effects of these parameters were investigated using the full factorial experimental design methodology. Design Expert 11.1.2.0 Trial software was used for generating the statistical experimental design and analysing the observed data. Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption models were employed to provide a description of the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir, which indicates that the Murexide had formed a monolayer onto activated carbon. Furthermore, according to the regression coefficients, it was observed that the kinetic adsorption data can fit better by the pseudo-second-order model compared to the first-order Lagergren’s model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Murexide occurs in a spontaneous and exothermic process. The regeneration process of the exhausted adsorbent was studied to assess the economic and operational feasibility. According to the obtained findings, it is proposed that the activated carbon prepared from prickly pear seed cake retains a high potential for Murexide removal and is suitable for repetitive usage.

Highlights

In recent years, synthetic dyes have been excessively used around the world and have become very common contributors to wastewater effluents from a variety of sectors [1], including discharges from various industries, such as the textile industry [2].e majority of these dyes represent serious environmental problems through carcinogenic substance accumulation and discharge of toxic elements [3]
For lower pH ranges, the surface charge of the adsorbent is predominantly positive [47], which leads to an increase in electrostatic attraction towards anionic dyes and, an increase in adsorption efficiency [48]. e protonated groups of activated carbon are principally carboxylic (−CO-OH2+) and phenolic (−OH2+) groups (equations (11a) and (11b)) [49]
Activated carbon produced by chemical activation of prickly pear seed cake with H3PO4 was able to remove Murexide dye molecules from aqueous solutions

Summary

Introduction

Synthetic dyes have been excessively used around the world and have become very common contributors to wastewater effluents from a variety of sectors [1], including discharges from various industries, such as the textile industry [2].e majority of these dyes represent serious environmental problems through carcinogenic substance accumulation and discharge of toxic elements [3]. Synthetic dyes have been excessively used around the world and have become very common contributors to wastewater effluents from a variety of sectors [1], including discharges from various industries, such as the textile industry [2]. Journal of Chemistry cationic dyes can be considered basic dyes [6]. E high toxicity and solubility of these pollutants require the use of various processes for their removal, such as electrochemical treatment [7], chemical oxidation [8], photocatalysis [9], and adsorption [10]. Adsorption is considered an excellent promising technology simultaneously appropriate and economical for wastewater treatment [11]. Often high adsorption capacity is needed for the best performance for the removal of contaminants [12]. Activated carbon is extensively used as an adsorbent applied for the removal of pollutants due to its large specific surface area and high adsorption capacity

Methods

Results

Conclusion