Extraction Of Active Compounds Research Articles

Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah Receptor-Mediated Potencies in Microplastics Deployed in a Remote Tropical Marine Environment

To facilitate the study of potential harmful compounds sorbed to microplastics, an effect-directed analysis using the DR CALUX® assay as screening tool for Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in extracts of marine deployed microplastics and chemical analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) was conducted. Pellets of three plastic polymers (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)) were deployed at Heron Island in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, for up to 8 months. Detected AhR-mediated potencies (bio-TEQs) of extracted plastic pellets ranged from 15 pg/g to 100 pg/g. Contributions of target HOCs to the overall bioactivities were negligible. To identify the major contributors, remaining plastic pellets were used for fractionation with a gas chromatography (GC) fractionation platform featuring parallel mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The bioassay analysis showed two bioactive fractions of each polymer with bio-TEQs ranging from 5.7 pg/g to 14 pg/g. High resolution MS was used in order to identify bioactive compounds in the fractions. No AhR agonists could be identified in fractions of HDPE or LDPE. Via a multivariate statistical approach the polystyrene (PS) trimer 1e- Phenyl-4e-(1- phenylethyl)-tetralin was identified in fractions of HIPS and in fractions of the blank polymer of HIPS.

A FLIPR Assay for Discovery of GABAA Receptor Modulators of Natural Origin.

A fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay utilizing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with GABAA receptors of α 1 β 2 γ 2 subunit composition was evaluated and validated for rapid screening of plant extract libraries and efficient localization of active compounds in extracts. Validation was performed with pure compounds and extracts known to contain allosteric GABAA receptor modulators. Plants extracts that had been previously reported as active in an assay using Xenopus laevis oocytes transiently expressing GABAA receptors of α 1 β 2 γ 2 subunit composition were also active in the FLIPR assay. A protocol for HPLC-based activity profiling was developed, whereby separations of 0.4 - 1.2 mg of extracts on an analytical HPLC column were found to be sufficient for the sensitivity of the bioassay. The protocol successfully localized the activity of known GABAergic natural products, such as magnolol in Magnolia officinalis, valerenic acid in Valeriana officinalis, and piperine in Piper nigrum extract. EC50 values of compounds (magnolol: 4.81 ± 1.0 µM, valerenic acid: 12.56 ± 1.2 µM, and piperine: 5.76 ± 0.7 µM) were found to be comparable or lower than those reported using Xenopus oocyte assays.

Extraction of Sodium Alginate from Sargassum sp. using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)

The method used in alginate extraction has been using conventional heating. Lately, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) has been widely used to extract active compounds from natural ingredients. This study aims to extract sodium alginate from Sargassum sp. using MAE method. This research was conducted by determining the optimum power level and extraction time using a commercial microwave. Power level optimization is carried out at level 70; 80; 90 and 100, while extraction time is carried out for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes. The results showed that sodium alginate products were obtained at levels 70, 80, 90 and 100, respectively 0.5%; 37.13%; 23.36% and 1.2%. While sodium alginate products are obtained at variations in extraction time for 15; 16; 17 and 18 minutes were obtained respectively 27.4%; 37.13%; 26.1% and 25.76%. The characterization of sodium alginate products was carried out by analysis of water content, ash content, brightness, and viscosity in the sequence obtained by 14.43%; 14.63%; 78.62 and 95.00 cps. The results of the analysis of heavy metal content obtained that the product of sodium alginate extracted did not contain metal Pb and Hg. FTIR spectra results showed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups at wave numbers 3448.7 cm -1 and 1620.21 cm -1 ; C-H bond at 2931.8 cm -1 ; alkene group at 2337.7 cm -1 ; sodium (Na) bond at 1419.61 cm -1 ; carbonyl group at 1095.57 cm -1 and carboxylic and ketone groups at 1033.85 cm -1 . Based on the results of the characterization proving that the product obtained is a sodium alginate compound.

WS-5 Extract of Curcuma longa, Chaenomeles sinensis, and Zingiber officinale Contains Anti-AChE Compounds and Improves β-Amyloid-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to an extensive neuron loss via accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) as senile plaques associated with reactive astrocytes and microglial activation in the brain. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of WS-5 ethanol extract in vitro and in vivo against Aβ-induced AD in mice and to identify the extract's active constituents. In the present study, WS-5 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that WS-5 prevented Aβ oligomerization via inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Evaluation of antioxidant activities using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) demonstrated that WS-5 possessed a high antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by measuring the total antioxidant status (TAS). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of WS-5 were examined using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. WS-5 significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide–induced production of nitric oxide and two proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. The memory impairment in mice with Aβ-induced AD was studied using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Immunohistochemistry was performed to monitor pathological changes in the hippocampus and cortex region of the mouse brain. The animal study showed that WS-5 (250 mg/kg) treatment improved learning and suppressed memory impairment as well as reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in Aβ-induced AD. HPLC analysis identified the extract's active compounds that exert anti-AChE activity. In summary, our findings suggest that WS-5 could be applied as a natural product therapy with a focus on neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Identification and characterization of flavonoids compounds in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by HPLC/FTICR-MS

ABSTRACT Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Grantz) leaves are known for their pharmacological and nutraceutical properties, but the extraction of active compounds in CL has not been optimized yet. In this study, the optimal parameters for the extraction of flavonoids from cassava leaves were determined using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. The extraction variables included: concentration of ethanol, temperature, the solid: liquid ratio and the extraction time. Optimum extraction conditions were 50% ethanol at 50°C for 4 h at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:40. The total flavonoids obtained under these conditions were 877.7 mg/100 g extract and rutin content was 622 mg/100 g as determined by HPLC-UV. Seven flavonoid compounds were identified by HPLC-FTICR-MS analysis. The relative amount of each compound in the extract was 0.96% of clovin, 4.81% of myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, 1.25% of robinin, 58.89% of rutin, 2.51% of hyperoside, 29.31% of nicotiflorin, and 2.28% of narcissin of the total flavonoids. Therefore, CL has the potential to be explored as the medicinal foods or therapeutics for improving human health.

การสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรไทย: แบบผงแห้งและแบบสกัด

การสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรไทย: แบบผงแห้งและแบบสกัด

Adjustment of the formula of local surface water quality assessment

Separation and identification of the active pharmacological compounds from some medicinal plants (Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Camellia sinensis) by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the yields of crude extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Camellia sinensis leaves at 1.5%, 5.62% and 10.4% respectively. Toluene: ethyl acetate (93:7) (v:v) solvent was suitable for the separation of active compounds in crude extract of Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves while chloroform: ethylacetate: formic acid (5:4:1) (v:v:v) solvent was suitable for the extraction of active compounds in crude extract from Camellia sinensis leaves. Furthermore, the results showed that the number of compounds in extract from Citrus aurantifolia were likely affected by the vacuum evaporator effects. The TLC fingerprints of all three medicinal plants had the same visual ability when the fingerprint detected by UV (λ = 254 nm) and the reagent containing 0.1 g vanillin in 28 mL of methanol: 1 mL of sulfuric acid. In brief, the three active compounds including citral (Citrus aurantifolia), rhdomyrtone (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) and catechin hydrate (Camellia sinensis) contained in the extract of 3 medicinal herbs had the limited detection (LOD) at 195 ng/spot, 321.5 ng/spot and 625 ng/spot, respectively.

Optimization of heat- and ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from dried rosemary leaves using response surface methodology

The conditions used in heat‐ and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (HAE and UAE, respectively) of polyphenols from rosemary leaves were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum HAE conditions included an extraction time of 132.80 min, temperature of 70°C, and 20:1 liquid‐to‐solid ratio, resulting in the maximum total extraction yield (TEY, 17.80%) or total polyphenol content (TPC, 147.56 mg GAE/g of extract DW), and minimum IC₅₀ (994.68 μg/ml); the maximum TEY (20.82%) or TPC (185.16 mg GAE/g of extract DW), and minimum IC₅₀ (805.84 μg/ml) in the UAE process were obtained using optimum conditions, including time of 12.60 min, power of 200 W, and ethanol concentration of 56.26%. The lowest IC₅₀ (787.70 μg/ml) was recorded using a solvent mixture of water and ethanol (56%) in the HAE procedure similar to the amount determined for the BHT antioxidant (714.79 μg/ml), thus confirming the efficiency of the extraction procedure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The antioxidant properties of rosemary leaves are well characterized; hence, this plant’s extract is approved as the only accepted natural food antioxidant in the EU. Generally, the extraction of active compounds from rosemary leaves is performed by the HAE method. However, it is recommended to use sustainable technologies, such as UAE. The optimization of both conventional and UAE of polyphenols from rosemary leaves has not been studied in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to introduce the optimal conditions of the HAE and UAE methods required to obtain maximum extraction efficiency of polyphenol compounds from rosemary leaves, and then was to compare possible procedures so that a comprehensive method to be developed.

การสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรไทย: การสกัดด้วยไอน้ำและการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลาย

การสกัดสารสำคัญจากสมุนไพรไทย: การสกัดด้วยไอน้ำและการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลาย

A Review: The extraction of active compound from Cymbopogon sp. and its potential for medicinal applications

Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus are plants categorized under the family of Poaceae that have been recognized with high demand in pharmaceutical industry for its wide range of pharmacological activities. The potential bioactive compounds can be obtained either through traditional or conventional methods. The plant extracts are commonly used in numbers of products for culinary, pesticides and cosmetic purposes for its flavours and fragrances. Besides, bioactive compounds extracted from both species possess good biological activities that can be applied in the pharmaceutical field.

Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 70% Sepuluh Daun Tanaman Terhadap Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes several diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease and community pneumonia. The antibiotics used for treating the infectious diseases cause several side effects. Therefore, alternative medicines which have minimal side effects are needed. This research aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of ten ethanolic extract of leaves against K. pneumoniae, identify compounds and active compounds in extract which has the highest antibacterial activity. Compounds in leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol with maceration method. The disk diffusion method was used for screening antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae. The identification of group of compounds in extract with the largest inhibitory zone diameter was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and bioautographic test was performed to determine the active compounds. The results of antibacterial activity screening tests showed that all extracts have antibacterial activity except bamboo leaf extract. Breadfruit extract (Artocarpus altilis) has the highest antibacterial activity with diameter of inhibition zone of 18,33 ± 5,57 mm. Breadfruit extract contains tannin, polyphenol, alkaloid, terpenoid, saponin, and the active antibacterial compounds were terpenoid and saponin.

Natural actives for wound healing: A review.

Nature has been a source of medicinal treatments for thousands of years, with the use of plants as prototypes for drug development and for the extraction of active compounds. Skin injuries occur regularly in everyday life, and the human skin has the ability to promote repair spontaneously under healthy conditions. However, some intrinsic and external factors may interfere with skins' natural ability, leading to nonhealing lesions and chronic wounds, which directly affect health and quality of life. Thus, attention should be given to this health problem, using an appropriated management when necessary. In this scenario, phytotherapy may be an option for cutaneous wound treatment, although further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of plants. This article reviews traditionally used natural actives for wound healing, highlighting their characteristics and mode of action.

Development of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) leaves

Research on Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) suggests it has an antihypertension, antidiabetic, analgesic, and antiulcer effects. In the present study, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was developed for the effective extraction of active compound from petai leaves. Some parameters such as ethanol concentration (0, 20, 40, 60, 70, 80, 100 %v), solid-to-liquid ratio (1:5; 1:10; 1:15; 1:20; 1:25; 1:30; 1:35; 1:40; 1:50 g/mL), extraction time (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 minutes) and extraction temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70°C) were studied and evaluated base on extract yield and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picry hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The result showed that the highest extract yield was obtained at 40% ethanol concentration, 1:30 (%w/v) of solid-to-liquid ratio, 30 minutes and 65°C of temperature with DPPH scavenging activity 92.53 ± 0.87% and extract yield 21.25 ± 2.38%. The result obtained is helpful for the utilization of Petai leaves, and also indicated that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a very recommended method for the extraction of active compounds from plant material.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT OPERATING PARAMETERS ON EXTRACTION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM PITAYA PEEL BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION (MAE)

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been recognised as a powerful potential alternative for the extraction of active compounds from plant materials compared to other advanced methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurised liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and Soxhlet. The advantages of MAE processing technique are reduced processing time, higher yield, lower usage of solvent, and smaller energy demand. Nevertheless, most researchers used organic solvents which have toxic effect on the environment. Therefore, in this study, distilled water was used as a natural solvent in the sample preparation. Pitaya peel is a form of potential fruit waste, especially in the food industry. Notably, its liquid extract can be applied as natural colouring and it contains beneficial active compounds that have commercial value. Wastage during the processing of food is inevitable and disposal can be a major problem for the industry and the society. Negative impacts such as pollution to the environment, hazards to human health, and loss of income to the waste generator may occur. Thus, extraction can be an effective solution for minimising waste produced by the food processing industry. Food waste often contain several usable substances of high value including some of that are beneficial for health such as mineral contents and phenolic compounds. The aim of this research was to find the optimal operating parameters for extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) from pitaya peel using MAE method. These parameters were the (1) weight of the sample, (2) temperature, (3) power, and (4) extraction time. In this research, the results showed that the best condition for the parameters of MAE were at the power of 400 W, temperature of 45 °C, and 20 min contact time when extracting 1.2 g pitaya peel in 50 mL distilled water. These figures were validated through statistical analysis using SPSS with Bonferroni post hoc tests. The TPC presented in the liquid extract was measured in GAE/g. In addition, the Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of the liquid extract was determined by applying the best condition for the parameters of MAE and DPPH reagent as the synthetic free radical. The IC50 value obtained in this research was 0.52 mg/mL.

Effect of liquid vehicles on the enhancement of rosmarinic acid and carvacrol release from oregano extract liquisolid compacts

Spraying and freeze-drying of various herbal extracts is often used for industrial dry herbal powder preparation. However, it is possible to produce a better quality powder applying liquisolid compact technique with the simpler preparation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of liquisolid and freeze-drying techniques on physicochemical properties of Oregano powder and the yield of its active compounds - rosmarinic acid and carvacrol. The quantities of active compounds were determined by UPLC method. The accelerated and long-term stability studies of all formulations have also been evaluated. The physicochemical characteristics and the morphology of the dry powder were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, UPLC-ESI-MS and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that Oregano powder obtained by freeze-drying was hygroscopic and showed passable flow properties, with the angle of repose 43.00 ± 0.87° and flowability 0 g/s. The X-ray diffraction method showed amorphous state of the active ingredients in the liquisolid formulations. Furthermore, the dissolution tests in vitro confirmed that liquisolid systems released 2.2–2.8-fold more rosmarinic acid and 2.9-fold more carvacrol compared to the Oregano powder obtained by freeze-drying (p < .05). The stability studies showed that physicomechanical properties, the dissolution profiles, rosmarinic acid and carvacrol content of liquisolid formulations were not significantly affected by ageing. In conclusion, the use of liquisolid compacts could be a promising tool to increase the solubility of Oregano extract active compounds. The liquisolid technology is especially promising for herbal drugs preparation because of the simple manufacturing process, low production costs and the possibility of industrial manufacture due to the good flow and compaction properties, and the ability to protect the active compounds from oxidation.

Optimization of extraction process for bioactive compounds from Litsea cubeba fruits

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the extraction of active compounds from Litsea cubeba fruits. A central composite design (CCD) with five levels and three process parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration) was used to investigate the influence of the extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration on the multiple response variables (TPC, DPPH and ABTS assays). The results of the ANOVA analysis show that the quadratic term of the ethanol concentration was significant for all the response variables. The quadratic model was highly significant (P<0.05) for all the response variables. After optimizing for multi-response, the optimal conditions were determined as an extraction temperature of 42.3 oC, extraction time of 126.4min and ethanol concentration of 51%. Moreover, the extract of Litsea cubeba fruit attested possessing tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 5,720 μg mL−1. The second-order kinetic model represented the kinetic data very well. In addition, the obtained values of the effective diffusivities were in the range of 2.28-5.83×10−11m2s−1.

Phytochemical and Bioactive Potential of in vivo and in vitro Grown Plants of Centaurea ragusina L. - Detection of DNA/RNA Active Compounds in Plant Extracts via Thermal Denaturation and Circular Dichroism.

The phytochemical composition and biological activity of non-volatile components of Centaurea ragusina L. has not been studied previously. Our aim was to evaluate the phytochemical and bioactive potential (including interactions with polynucleotides) of C. ragusina L. depending on the origin of plant material (in vivo - leaves from natural habitats, ex vitro - leaves from plants acclimated from culture media, in vitro - leaves and calli from plants grown in culture media) and polarity of solvents used in extract preparation (80 and 96% ethanol and water combinations or single solvents). The polyphenol composition was determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis. Biological activity of extracts was evaluated by following methods: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods for antioxidative activity, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) microdilution method for antibacterial activity, crystal-violet test for cytotoxic activity and thermal denaturation (TD) and circular dichroism (CD) for DNA/RNA interactions. Conditions for the most efficient polyphenol extraction were determined: the 80% ethanol/water solvent system was the most suitable for callus and leaf ex vitro samples and 80 or 96% ethanol for leaf in vivo samples. Significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid and naringenin were detected in callus tissue than in vivo plant. Ethanolic extracts exhibited the significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. DNA/RNA active compounds in plant extracts were detected by TD and CD methods. Callus tissue and ex vitro leaves represent a valuable source of polyphenols as in vivo leaves. TD and CD can be applied for detection of DNA/RNA active compounds in extracts from natural resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In Vitro Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Puni (Zingiber zerumbet) Asal Pulau Timor

Puni (Zingiber zerumbet) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh secara liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk di Pulau Timor dalam mengobati luka borok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri esktrak tanaman dan mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak teraktif tanaman. Ekstraksi senyawa-senyawa aktif tanaman dilakukan menggunakan empat pelarut yakni pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, etanol, dan air. Metode difusi agar digunakan dalam menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan pencarian nilai KHTM untuk ekstrak teraktif. Analisis komponen senyawa aktif dilakukan menggunakan LC-MS. Ekstrak etanol diketahui memiliki kemampuan antibakteri terbaik dibanding ketiga ekstrak lainnya. Nilai KHTM ekstrak etanol terhadap bakteri S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, dan P. aeruginosa berturut-turut sebesar 50, 100, 150, 250 mg mL-1. Hasil analisis LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol mengandung senyawa zerumbon dan gingerglikolipid B. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.

Efficient Solvent Selection Approach for High Solubility of Active Phytochemicals: Application for the Extraction of an Antimalarial Compound from Medicinal Plants

The proposed approach unveils an efficient solvent selection manner for the extraction of active compounds from medicinal plants based on their high solvency for the target compound while considering green engineering principles. Rationalization of resources is achieved through theoretical screening using the Hansen solubility parameters in practice (HSPiP) approach of 26 solvent candidates toward the solvency of the antimalarial drug “artemisinin”. Solvent selection is challenged to meet some green engineering principles, from which four solvents are identified and then confirmed using gravimetric tests. The highest solubility at 20 °C is attributed to dimethyl sulfoxide with 103.7 mg·mL–1, while isopropanol recorded 8.45 mg·mL–1. Despite being a polar solvent, propylene glycol gave a very low solubility of 0.6 mg·mL–1. Being a food grade with very low global warming potential score, isopropanol stands as a green alternative to substitute n-hexane, where solubility measurements using changes of turbidity...

Aurantiamide acetate from baphicacanthus cusia root exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in Influenza A virus-infected cells

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBaphicacanthus cusia root also names “Nan Ban Lan Gen” has been traditionally used to prevent and treat influenza A virus infections. Here, we identified a peptide derivative, aurantiamide acetate (compound E17), as an active compound in extracts of B. cusia root. Although studies have shown that aurantiamide acetate possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the effects and mechanism by which it functions as an anti-viral or as an anti-inflammatory during influenza virus infection are poorly defined. Here we investigated the anti-viral activity and possible mechanism of compound E17 against influenza virus infection. Materials and methodsThe anti-viral activity of compound E17 against Influenza A virus (IAV) was determined using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay. Viruses were titrated on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells by plaque assays. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) luciferase reporter assay was further conducted to investigate the effect of compound E17 on the activity of the viral polymerase complex. HEK293T cells with a stably transfected NF-κB luciferase reporter plasmid were employed to examine the activity of compound E17 on NF-κB activation. Activation of the host signaling pathway induced by IAV infection in the absence or presence of compound E17 was assessed by western blotting. The effect of compound E17 on IAV-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Luminex assays. ResultsCompound E17 exerted an inhibitory effect on IAV replication in MDCK cells but had no effect on avian IAV and influenza B virus. Treatment with compound E17 resulted in a reduction of RNP activity and virus titers. Compound E17 treatment inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in a NF-κB luciferase reporter stable HEK293 cell after stimulation with TNF-α. Furthermore, compound E17 blocked the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and decreased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes in infected cells. Compound E17 also suppressed the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES from IAV-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells. ConclusionsThese results indicate that compound E17 isolated from B. cusia root has potent anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects on IAV-infected cells via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, compound E17 could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of influenza.