Extract Research Articles

Assessment of sedative and anxiolytic activities of fruit extract of Vitex doniana (black plum)

This research study was aimed at investigating the common folkloric use of Vitex doniana fruit extract for induction of sleep. Extraction of the fruit extract was carried out with 80 %v/v ethanol. Acute toxicity study and qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract were also done. Twenty-five adult mice divided into five groups (n=5) were used for both the anxiolytic study and the phenobarbital-sleeping time analysis tests. Groups I and II served as negative (distilled water 10 ml/kg) and positive (diazepam 1 mg/kg i.p.) controls, respectively. Groups III, IV and V received the extracts of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o., respectively. The effect of extract on time spent in and number of entries into the open arms and closed arms when compared to control were noted. The effect on onset and duration of sleep -were also noted. The extract was found to be relatively safe. Secondary metabolites like tannins and flavonoids were present. There was a dose-related significant (p < 0.05) increase in time spent on the open arm and a decrease in time spent on closed arm when compared to the negative control. Dose-related significant (p < 0.05) decrease in time for sleep onset and increase in duration of sleep when compared to negative control were also observed. From the results of this study, the folkloric use of this fruit extract for the induction of sleep and relaxation seem to be justified.

Ready-to-Drink Functional Drink Formulation of Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra) Fruit Extract with The Addition of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) Extract Using D-Optimal Expert Design

Ready-to-Drink Functional Drink Formulation of Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra) Fruit Extract with The Addition of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) Extract Using D-Optimal Expert Design

In vitro antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia extracts against eight pathogenic bacteria species.

Medical professionals continue to face a severe issue with the evolution of resistance to conventional antibiotics. The search for new novel compounds from plants has been proven to be the alternative solution. Morinda citrifolia is used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. The present study investigates the antibacterial properties of M. citrifolia root, leaf, and fruit (fresh, dried, and fermented) extracts on three-gram-positive and five-gram-negative bacteria. The plant parts were processed and extracted in distilled water and ethanol (60%, 80%, and absolute (100%)). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method, with Ciprofloxacin serving as the positive control. All the tests were conducted three times to obtain the average value of inhibition zones. Overall, root extracts showed the most significant antibacterial activity, followed by dried fruit, fermented fruit extract, fresh fruit, and the least leaf extract. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences in antibacterial activity among the extracts and solvent concentrations. The 100% ethanol extracts had significantly higher zones of inhibition compared to the other solvents. The most inhibitory activity was against Campylobacter spp. (21.33±1.80) for the 80% ethanol root extract. All the extracts of M. citrifolia were found to exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against all the bacteria pathogens. However, Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus were most sensitive to all the plant extracts while Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. showed resistance to most extracts. This observed difference is significant for each strain extract depending on the bacteria strain and the type of solvent extract (p < 0.001). The findings indicate a promising antimicrobial potential of M. citrifolia extracts.

Effect of ethanol extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum fruit on Leghorn chickens exposed to Eimeria.

There are concerns about residues of drugs in meat that are used to prevent coccidiosis in chickens. Natural compounds are an alternative to drugs. Two studies investigated the effect of an extract of Enterolobium cyclocarpum fruits (EEC) in the feed of male Leghorn chickens exposed to Eimeria spp. In the first experiment, the administration of EEC after infection with Eimeria spp. was investigated over 16 days. One thousand chickens were randomly housed in 20 pens of 1 m2 each. The pens were randomly assigned to each treatment. Five treatments were administered, containing 150, 300 and 450mg/kg of EEC in the feed, the fourth treatment (C) contained 0.5g/kg of a commercial anticoccidial, and the fifth treatment provided no treatment (WA). The second experiment lasted 18 days. Administration of the EEC began five days before the chickens were infected with Eimeria spp. Four hundred and eighty chickens were randomly allocated to 24 pens of 1 m2. The pens were randomly assigned to each treatment. In the second experiment, the same five treatments were tested and one additional treatment containing 300mg EEC plus 1g of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/kg of feed (E300PEG). In the experiment one chickens in the EEC treatments had lower faecal oocyst excretion (OE) on day 14 post infection with Eimeria spp., than chickens in the WA treatment (P < 0.05). A reduction in live weight gain (LWG) was observed in the EEC treatments (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, the excretion of oocysts in chickens from the EEC and E300PEG treatments on day 13 post-infection with Eimeria spp. was the same as in the C treatment and lower than in the WA treatment (P < 0.05). LWG was lower in the EEC treatments than in the C treatment (P < 0.05). However, the Chickens in the E300PEG and C treatments had similar LWG (P > 0.05) suggesting that PEG inhibits the negative effect of EEC tannins on LWG. In conclusion, the addition of EEC to chicken feed reduced both OE and LWG. Treatment with EEC and PEG (E300PEG) reduced the excretion of oocysts without negative effects on LWG.

Comparative metabolomics-based screening of fruit extracts of less-known melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis) accessions collected from dry terrain of North India by using HPLC–DAD

Cucumis melo var. agrestis (Naudin) is an important wild crop that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Fruits possess digestive, stomachic, vermifuge and febrifuge properties and possess analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Current research is aimed at screening diverse phytoconstituents present in the fruit extract of wild melon (C. melo var. agrestis) with the technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our outcomes showed that fruit extract of C. melo var. agrestis has various phytochemicals such as glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. HPLC analysis revealed that naringenin and catechin were reported to have the highest concentrations among the all studied accessions. PCA and HCA multivariant analysis showed that, first two principal components, i.e. PC1 and PC2 contributed to 54.87% of the variation, where maximum loadings were from apigenin, trailed by gallic acid, rutin, and catechol.

In-vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and In-vivo anti-urolithiatic activities of Coccinia grandis fruit extract

In-vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and In-vivo anti-urolithiatic activities of Coccinia grandis fruit extract

Extraction and evaluation for anti-diabetic effects of some Indian plant extracts

Diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with changes in the structure and function of several biological systems. The main cause of tissue injury is persistent hyperglycaemia. The past 20 years have seen increased expansion of the harmful effects of persistent hyperglycaemia, even if peripheral neuropathy and small and large vascular disease can also be used to explain diabetes-related organ failure. Liophyllum decastes, Butea monosperma, and Opuntia dillenil fruit extracts were shown to pass phytochemical testing. The study findings of Butea Monosperma, Opuntia dillenil, and Liophyllum decastes distilled (150 mg/kg) and (300 mg/kg) on STZ-tempted DM rats were paired with Glibenclamide. The glucometer method, serum and urine analysis, as well as factors including body weight, food consumption, glucose levels, and biochemical analysis, were used to determine the blood sugar rankings. Liophyllum decastes fungus fruit, Opuntia dillenil Planned fruit, and distilled Butea monosperma leaves all have anti-diabetic properties for diabetics.

Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose synthesized by Enterobacter chuandaensis strain AEC using Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer synthesized extracellularly by certain bacteria through the polymerization of glucose monomers. This study aimed to produce BC using Enterobacter chuandaensis with fruit extracts from Phoenix dactylifera (D) and Musa acuminata (M) as carbon sources. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed characteristic cellulose vibrations, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified distinct peaks at 15.34°, 19.98°, 22.58°, and 34.6°, confirming the cellulose structure. Whole-genome sequencing of E. chuandaensis identified key genes involved in BC production. The BC produced then exhibited a molecular weight of 1,857,804g/mol, with yields of 2.8g/L and 2.5g/L for treatments D and M, respectively. The crystallinity index of the purified BC was 74.1, and 13C NMR analysis confirmed the dominant cellulose Iα crystalline form. The BC showed high biocompatibility in cytotoxicity assays, with cell viability between 92% and 100%, indicating its potential for use in biomedical applications. This investigation represents the first report of BC production by E. chuandaensis, which promises a new avenue for sustainable and efficient BC synthesis using fruit extracts as carbon sources.

Anticancer Activity of Green Synthesized Manganese Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract

AbstractPure CeO2 and Ce1‐xMnxO2, where x = 0, 2, 4 and 6% w/w, were synthesized by sol‐gel method using Acacia Concinna fruit extract as a surfactant and stabilizing agent. The synthesized particles were subjected to various characterization techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the samples demonstrated single phase of CeO2, with cubic fluorite type structure and crystallite size of 6–7 nm. The morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) was analyzed by FESEM and HRTEM which illustrated an aggregate of irregular spherical nanoparticles and the average particle size is around 18 nm. Raman spectroscopy validated the phase purity and indicated about the structural defects caused by the dopants. The bandgap energy of CeO2 NPs is calculated to be 3.00 eV from the Tauc plot of UV‐Visible spectroscopy, which gradually decreased to 2.43 eV with increase in manganese doping. Cytotoxicity studies signified the role of Mn‐doped CeO2 NPs as a potential nanotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The cell viability assay showed that 200 µg/mL of 6% Mn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect by inhibiting 50% of cancer cells both in breast and colon cancer cell lines without affecting the healthy cell lines.

Black Jamun Fruit Peel Extract Modified Gum Acacia Biopolymer Suitable for Energy Device Applications via Charge Transfer Enhancement

The visible light absorption capabilities, along with its electrical characteristics, of a low-cost, plant-based, biopolymer, gum acacia, have been chemically modified by tailoring its defect concentrations via pH modification, where the acid solvent of fruit (peel) extracts of jamun was used to influence the chemical structure by reactive modification. Ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy of the gum acacia biopolymer treated with the extracted anthocyanin from jamun peel showed a prominent, characteristic red shift in the visible spectrum range. Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed the occurrence of localized ionic conduction. The bulk conductivity of the modified specimens increased due to the profound release of conducting ions in the water-swollen network. The reactively modified biopolymer could be used in multiple fields of material science, specifically in energy device applications, viz., photovoltaics (PV), by utilizing its cost effectiveness and photolytic effectiveness. 2nd, as a polymer electrolyte and dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) material by utilizing its capacity of gel formation. In our research described in this article, the underlying charge transfer mechanism for such responses was examined after crosslinking in the organic dyes extracted from the peel of jamun fruit with gum acacia.

Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant Properties, GC-MS, and FTIR Profiles of Myrica esculenta Fruit Extracts from Western East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya.

This study investigates the phytoconstituents of Myrica esculenta fruit extracts using various solvents, including n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals, with the highest concentration found in the methanol extract. The total phenolic (94.5±0.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoid (74.27±0.29 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) contents were also highest in the methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity with DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of 22.27±0.98 μg/ml and 19.69±0.36 μg/ml, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. FRAP activity was also highest in the methanol extract (87.125±0.33 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified antioxidant compounds hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, methyl 11,12-octadecadienoate, and pentadecanoic acid. while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected functional groups such as alkenes, ketones, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of M. esculenta fruits is a rich source of natural antioxidants, making it suitable for pharmaceutical, health, and nutritional supplements aimed at enhancing overall health.

UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS and GC/MS profiling of Eriobotrya japonica L. fruit in correlation to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effects.

Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. (Loquat) fruit is a subtropical edible fruit originally from China. It grows well in Egypt, but it is not widely known. In the current study, the fruit was extracted with 80% ethanol to get the total ethanol extract (TEE). A part of which was fractionated by dichloromethane to yield polar and nonpolar fractions (PF and NPF). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the TEE were in vitro evaluated. The complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model was used to explore the in vivo biological assessment of the anti-arthritic properties in vivo of the TEE, PF, and NPF of the fruit. Additionally, the inspected limbs detached from all animals were subjected to histological inspection. Moreover, GC/MS analysis of the unsaponifiable (USF) and saponifiable (SF) fractions of the NPF was performed. Furthermore, 64 metabolites from various chemical classes were identified using UHPLC/HR-MS/MS analysis of the TEE of the fruit in both positive and negative ionization modes. The positive ionization mode of loquat fruit allowed for the first time the detection of two kinds of lyso-glycerophospholipids (Lyso-GPLs): lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines (Lyso-PtdEtn) and lyso-glycerophosphocholines (Lyso-PtdCho). The fruit extracts exhibited a notable in vivo anti-arthritic activity by decreasing paw thickness in the treated rats and adjusting the inflammatory mediators. The TEE showed the highest anti-arthritic activity, followed by the PF that showed an observed activity, while the NPF exhibited the lowest activity. Histopathological findings showed a marked improvement in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Thus, E. japonica fruit may be considered as a promising natural antioxidant and anti-arthritic agent.

Selenicereus undatus (Dragon Fruit) Phytochemicals for Managing Three Human Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach

Objectives: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a growing global concern. A natural remedy for bacterial infections could be available in the Selenicereus undatus fruit, but its antibacterial and biochemical properties are not fully known. Methods: In this study, the biochemical composition and antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the Jindu No. 1 (JD) and Bird’s Nest (YW) dragon fruit varieties and their potential effects against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were scrutinized. Results: The JD fruit extract showed higher antibacterial activity than the YW variety against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus sp. in vitro. Additionally, the JD variety demonstrated more significant antioxidant activity than the YW variety and showed less cytotoxic activity. The JD variety had a higher glucose content, while the YW variety had a higher fructose content, and the phytoconstituents analysis confirmed 659 metabolites in total from the two varieties. Through in silico analyses, phytoconstituents were evaluated to identify potential drug molecules against the selected bacterial strain. Moreover, the molecular docking study revealed that riboprobe and Z-Gly-Pro might be effective against E. coli, 4-hydroxy retinoic acid, and that succinyl adenosine may target Pseudomonas sp., and xanthosine and 2′-deoxyinosine-5′-monophosphate may be effective against Staphylococcus sp. These results were further validated by 100 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, and all of the selected compounds exhibited acceptable ADMET features. Conclusions: Therefore, phytoconstituents from S. undatus fruit varieties could be employed to fight human bacterial diseases, and future studies will support the continuation of other biological activities in medical research.

Production and analysis of synthesized bacterial cellulose by Enterococcus faecalis strain AEF using Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly versatile biopolymer renowned for its exceptional mechanical strength, water retention, and biocompatibility. These properties make it a valuable material for various industrial and biomedical applications. In this study, Enterococcus faecalis synthesized extracellular BC, utilizing Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts as sustainable carbon sources. LC-MS analysis identified glucose as the primary carbohydrate in these extracts, providing a suitable substrate for BC production. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a network of BC nanofibers on Congo red agar plates. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, further supporting BC synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a high crystallinity index of 71%, consistent with the cellulose I structure, as evidenced by peaks at 16.22°, 21.46°, 22.52°, and 34.70°. Whole-genome sequencing of E. faecalis identified vital genes involved in BC biosynthesis, including bcsA, bcsB, diguanylate cyclase (DGC), and 6-phosphofructokinase (pfkA). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, while susceptibility to imipenem was observed. Quantitative assessment demonstrated that higher concentrations of fruit extracts (5.0-20mg/mL) significantly enhanced BC production. Cytotoxicity testing via the MTT assay confirmed excellent biocompatibility with NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, showing high cell viability (97-105%). Unlike commonly studied Gram-negative bacteria like Acetobacter xylinum for BC production, this research focuses on Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and utilizes Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts as carbon sources. This approach offers a sustainable and promising avenue for BC production.

Green Engineered CuO/SnO2/HNT Composites: Illuminating the Photocatalytic Path for Organic Pollutant Remediation and Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Evaluation.

Photocatalysis stands out as a promising technique for treating organic contaminants, yet the quest for visible light active composite materials, crafted through cost-effective, eco-friendly, and uncomplicated processes, poses formidable challenges. Here, we introduce a successful endeavor, the synthesis of a CuO/SnO2 (CS) composite via a microwave method, employing Carissa edulis fruit extract as a reducing as well as capping agent. Various loadings of CS-HNT composites were prepared by ultrasonically incorporating CS onto nanotubular halloysite (HNT) clay. Employing a suite of types of characterization, including XRD, XPS, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, ζ potential, UV-vis-DRS, TGA, BET, and EIS, we meticulously explored the morphology, structure, stability, surface area, electrochemical, and optical properties of the developed CS-HNT composites. HR-TEM observations unveiled the formation of a heterojunction between cubic CuO and spherical SnO2 on the HNT clay surface. Optical and EIS analysis highlighted that the 20CS-HNT composite displayed significant absorption in the visible region, efficient electron-hole pair separation, and enhanced interfacial charge transport relative to other loadings. Photocatalytic evaluations and optimization studies revealed that the 20CS-HNT photocatalyst achieved notable removal efficiencies, eliminating 85% of Congo red (CR) and 80% of tetracycline (TC) within 90 min and 74% of ATZ in 3 h under visible light conditions. Scavenging investigations, the fluorescence probe method, and a NBT transformation study underscored the pivotal roles of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in pollutant removal. The reusability trials highlighted the exceptional stability and recyclability of the photocatalyst, even after five cycles. In addition, zebrafish embryo toxicity tests revealed improved survival and hatching rates in photocatalyst-treated samples compared to those of controls. Moderate toxicity was observed in treated TC, while the treated CR sample showed non-lethal toxicity. In essence, this study unveils a straightforward and efficacious approach for developing photocatalysts for large-scale wastewater treatment. Furthermore, it proposes the adoption of safe clay-based bimetal oxide photocatalysts in diverse environmental applications.

Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw. of the Grumari Sandbank, RJ, Brazil: Physical, chemical, biological and nutritional composition characterizations

Opuntia monacantha is known in Brazil and is commonly marketed in some regions, as in the ecological fairs of Porto Alegre. This study aims to investigate the physical and mineral characteristics as well as antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and chemical profile of the main metabolites of the fruit extracts. The fruits are a source of fiber (pulp and peel: 7.01 mg, 9.01 mg/100 g), respectively, selenium pulp and peel (0.04 mg/100 g and 0.05 mg/100 g), copper pulp (1.05 mg/100 g) and manganese peel (67,83 mg/100 g). The pulp showed phenolic content related to an antioxidant potential attributed to quercetin and rutin constitution in the extracts. The antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus ATCC 33591 (methicillin-resistant, MRSA) and ATCC 29213 (methicillin-sensitive, MSSA) at 512 µg.mL−1 in the apolar extracts of the fruits constituted by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as phytosterols. The fruits presented a rich nutritional composition correlated with antioxidant and antibacterial action, being potential for health improvement and it can be explored by the food industry as well as in nature consumption by the population.

Biochemical and biological studies of irradiated and non-irradiated extracts of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal fruit

This study explores the impact of γ-irradiation on ethanolic extracts of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal. The anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The obtained results revealed that total phenol (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) of total ethanol extract (100%) (FTE) were higher than 70% ethanol extract (SE), and these contents increased after gamma radiation with 5 kGy. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Solanum aculeastrum extracts suggested that FTE and 5 kGy-irradiated FTE can be used to control and prevent skin infections caused by MRSA and endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and prostatitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis. The FTE sample irradiated at 5 kGy showed cytotoxicity for A431 and Hct-116 cell lines similar to the control sample and higher than the toxicity revealed by the samples irradiated at 10 kGy. In normal cells (Bj-1), the toxicity was decreased after irradiation (IC50 = 31 μg/ml) compared to the non-irradiated extract (IC50 = 26.1 μg/ml). Molecular docking suggested Sortase A to play a role in chlorogenic acid antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, γ-irradiation can be used to enhance the phytoconstituents of Solanum aculeastrum fruit extracts and, consequently, its biological properties.

Solanum dulcamara Fruit Extract: A Promising Natural Therapy for Diabetes Management?

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of S. dulcamara extract (SDE) in managing type II diabetes‐related parameters, including blood glucose levels, α‐amylase activity, and modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT). Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozocin, and the anti‐diabetics effect was evaluated by the administration of S. dulcamara extract at different doses. Blood glucose levels, α‐amylase activity, and endogenous antioxidants were estimated and found to be significant (P&lt;0.05) in the rats treated with the extract of S. dulcamara at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The extract showed dose‐dependent inhibition of α‐amylase suggesting the potential benefits in glycemic control. Moreover, the study demonstrated a modulation in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT). Importantly, the fruit extract showed no significant hemolysis or acute toxicity at varying concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg/mL) indicating the safe and biocompatible nature, as confirmed by normal biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. In conclusion, the methanolic fruit extract of S. dulcamara shows significant anti‐diabetic activity by alleviating oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes and its complications.

Quality Results of Cotton Fabric Coloring with Mangsi (Phyllanthus Reticulatus) Fruit Extract

The research was done to analyze the quality of the coloring result of mangsi (phyllanthus reticulatus) fruit extract as natural dyes in cotton fabric dyeing. Extraction method was carried out through maceration process using some solvents namley water, ethanol, acidic ethanol, methanol, and acidic methanol in a ratio of 1:10 with pre-mordanting and fixation using mordant alum, calcium carbonate, and ferrous sulphate. The conducted observations included color direction test, color opacity test and color fastness to soap washing test. The result of color direction was brown to yellow-orange and blue to dark blue. The value of color opacity on cotton fabrics was in the “medium” to “very opaque” color category. The resulting value of color fastness to soap washing test was in the “good” to “poor” category. The dyeing results on cotton fabric generated an even color.

STUDY OF ANTI-ULCER, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF FRUITS POLYEXTRACT OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MIL L.

Introduction. Plant-based drugs and medicines are used in medical practice for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases: chronic gastritis and/or gastroduodenitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate of anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of jujuba fruits (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) polyextract. Material and methods. Experimental samples of CO2 extract, alcoholic extract, thick extract, dry extract and polyextract of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill fruits were studied. Biological activity of the samples was evaluated using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase in vitro. The acute toxicity affecting the exudative phase of the acute reaction was studied in a model of formaldehyde edema of the paw of mice, as a result of screening the polyextract of jujube fruits which has the most pronounced pharmacological activity, and also studied its antiulcer effect on an ethanol model of damage to the gastric mucosa in rats. Results. As a result of screening studies using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase, immunomodulatory properties were discovered in all experimental jujube fruit extracts. Polyextract of jujube fruits demonstrated the most pronounced immunomodulatory therefore it was chosen for further pharmacological studies. In accordance with the classification of toxicity of chemical substances according to the standards of the Russian Federation, polyextract of jujube fruits is a low-toxic substance. The polyextract has an anti-inflammatory effect, it suppresses the development of the exudative phase of inflammation in a model of formaldehyde edema of mouse paws. A significant gastroprotective effect of the polyextract of the fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill was revealed in an experimental model of rat gastric ulcer caused by the administration of ethanol. Conclusions. Polyextract of jujube fruits has a wide range of biological activity: immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and is also a low-toxic substance. This extract is promising for further in-depth study and the creation of a new effective herbal medicine based on it.