Extract Sargassum Research Articles

ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF SARGASSUM SP EXTRACT. OPPOSING VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS BACTERIA

Antibiotics cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and the emergence of resistance and bacterial pathogenic infections makes scientists try to find new drugs. One of the efforts is to use marine organisms as a natural antibacterial agent, one of them is Sargassum sp. Sargassum sp contains alginate and iodine which are used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile industries. Apart from that, Sargassum sp. contains active compounds of steroids, alkaloids, phenols and triterpenoids which function as antibacterials, can be used to inhibit the growth of Vibrio sp bacteria which is the cause of firefly disease which is most dangerous for tiger prawns. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the extract Sargassum sp. In inhibiting the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria with different levels of solvent start with methanol, ethyl asetat, and n-hexane. The rejuvenation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyimelalai bacteria is carried out in two stages, the first is planting on Triptyc Soy Broth (TSB) medium and the second stage is planting on Triptyc Soy Agar (TSA) medium. Antibacterial sensitivity test using disc diffusion method. The results of the test showed that 1). sargassum sp which is extracted by metanol solvent inhibits the growth of Vibrio parahemolyticus bacteria. 2). sargassum sp which extract by etil sestat and n - heksan solvent can't inhibit the Vibrio parahemolyticus bacteria.

Preliminary Study of Sonication Time for Extracting Natural Dye and Antioxidant from Sargassum duplicatum

Sargassum duplicatum is a brown seaweed containing various chemical compounds with potential applications as a natural dye and antioxidant. These compounds include alginate, protein, vitamin C, tannins, iodine, phenols, and pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, fucoxanthin, xanthophyll, and carotene. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of varying extraction times on the color and antioxidant quality of Sargassum duplicatum extract. One of the methods used to extract Sargassum duplicatum is ultrasonication, which involves using ultrasonic waves to break down the cell walls of the material and facilitate efficient compound extraction. The extraction was carried out at 15 (A), 30 (B), and 45 minutes (C), with three repetitions for each treatment. The assessed parameters included yield calculation, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and color intensity. Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD follow-up tests. The extraction process used an 80% ethanol solvent at 40 °C and a frequency of 42 kHz. This study employed an experimental laboratory approach using a completely randomized design (CRD) with different extraction times. The results showed significant differences (p<5%) in yield value, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and color intensity of Sargassum duplicatum extract at different extraction times. The best results were obtained at 45 minutes, yielding 86.66%, with 9.62% total carotenoids, an IC50 value of 1241.02 ppm, and lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values of 4.44, -3.46, and 37.90, respectively.

In vitro study sargassum sp. effervescent towards antifungal and compressive strength silicone based softliner

Background: Softliner is commonly used to provide convenience for edentulous patients. However, the use of softliner can cause denture stomatitis due to colonization of Candida albicans. Sargassum sp. contains active compounds of steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoids, act as antibacterial and antifungal. The use of Sargassum sp. in the form of effervescent as a denture cleanser can prevent denture stomatitis, and it’s expected not to affect the compressive strength. This study aimed to study the concentration variation of Sargassum sp. effervescent towards antifungal and compressive strength silicone based softlinerMethod: 20 sampels of silicone based softliner (10x3x2mm) divided into 5 groups. K(-) soaked in sterilled aquadest; K(+) in Polident solution; P1 in 10% effervescent Sargassum sp. solution; P2 20% ; P3 40%, for 15minutes. Candida calculated by colony counter (CFU/ml). Compressive strength measured by Universal Testing Machine.Result: Candida albicans in the K+ group is the lowest, while the K- group shows the highest value. In P1, P2, P3 group the value of Candida albicans is higher than K+ group, but much lower than K-. The compressive strength of K+ group shows the lowest value but in P3 group shows the highest value compared to other groups.Conclusion: The 10% concentration of effervescent extract Sargassum sp. is effective in reducing the number of Candida albicans in silicone based softliner compared to the K- group. The most effective concentration of effervescent extract Sargassum sp. in reducing the Candida albicans’ growth is 40%. The higher concentration of Sargassum sp. resulting in higher compressive strength.

Inhibition of Apoptosis of Liver Cells of Mice Infected With Plasmodium berghei Through The Expression of Caspase-3 Using Sargassum duplicatum Extract

The process of apoptosis is an integrated process between external and internal factors involving several enzymes (Caspase-9, -8, -7, -6, -3) that act as major players in the process of apoptosis. This research aims to determine the potential of brown algae methanol extract Sargassum duplicatum against inhibition of apoptosis of liver cells of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei through the expression of caspase-3. Mice weighing 20–30 grams in Plasmodium berghei infection as much as 0.1 ml per head and left until the percent of parasitemia reaches 1-5%. Then mice (Mus musculus) were given methanol extract of Sargassum duplicatum seaweed at a dose of 1 gr / 100 ml, 10 gr / 100 ml, 100, gr / 100 ml, and 200 gr / 100 ml for 4 consecutive days and observed until day 6. After that, a histological preparation was made with immunohistochemistry staining to see the expression of caspase-3. The results of the observations will be analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Sargassum duplicatum methanol extract was able to inhibit liver cell apoptosis in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The decrease in Caspase-3 expression in this study is thought to be caused because the brown algae Sargassum duplicatum contains flavonoid compounds, tannins, and saponins which can reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine caspase-3 through the role of NF-kB which is a transcription factor that plays a role in stimulating and coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses.

Antihyperglycemic activity of nanoemulsion of brown algae (Sargassum sp.). Ethanol extract in glucose tolerance test in male mice

Nanoemulsion technology has been widely developed and applied to extracts of natural materials to enhance bioavailability and medicinal effects. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Sargassum sp. ethanol extract nanoemulsions as an antihyperglycemic agent against fasting blood glucose levels in mice. The nanoemulsion formulation used Sargassum sp. extract and some additional ingredients, including chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate, and tween 80. The antihyperglycemic test consisted of four groups, which were randomly selected. Treatment group (I) was given a nanoemulsion base without algae extract with a volume of 0.2mL/20gramBW; treatment group (II) was given glibenclamide at a dose of 0.52mg/20gramBW in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NaCMC) suspension with a volume of 0.2mL/20gramBW; treatment group (III) was given Sargassum sp. ethanol extract at a dose of 0.66mg/20 gramBW in 0.5% Na CMC suspension with a volume of 0.2mL/20gramBW; the treatment group (IV) was given formula of nanoemulsions of ethanol extract Sargassum sp with a volume of 0.2mL/20gramBW equivalent to a dose concentration Sargassum sp. ethanol extract of 0.66mg/20gramBW. The size of the nanoemulsion particles of the Sargassum sp. extract was 341.5-296.5nm with a zeta potential of 19.4-16.9mv. Treatment group (II) had the same antihyperglycemic effect as treatment group (IV). In contrast, treatment groups (I) and (III) had a relatively lower antihyperglycemic effect. This suggests that the Sargassum sp. extract nanoemulsion formula can be used as an alternative antihyperglycemic agent.

Effects of alginate-based edible coatings enriched with extract Sargassum polycystum on quality attributes of fresh-cut apples

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alginate edible coating supplemented with glycerol and brown seaweed extract Sargassum polycystum (A-G-S film) on fresh-cut apples. The result obtained with the formula film A-G-S is the concentration of alginate/water 1.0%, glycerol 20%, and additional extract 2.0%. The A-G-S film on the surface of fresh-cut apples has the same antioxidant capacity as A-G-As film, using ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. These fresh-cut apples are recommended to be stored at 5±2oC for 12 days with a commercial acceptance ratio (CAR) of 59.57%. The values of WL, TSS/TA, TPC are respectively 16.51±0.52%, 30.80, and 0.63±0.02 mg/g. The film has an average thickness of 7.04 μm, uniform surface, certain ductility, and water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of the film 5.31x10-4 g/mm2.

Satellite remote sensing of pelagic Sargassum macroalgae: The power of high resolution and deep learning

In recent years, massive blooms of pelagic Sargassum have occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, and satellite imagery have been used operationally to monitor and track the blooms. However, limited by the coarse resolution and other confounding factors, there is often a data gap in nearshore waters, and the uncertainties in the estimated Sargassum abundance in offshore waters are also unclear. Higher-resolution satellite data may overcome these limitations, yet such a potential is hindered by the lack of reliable methods to accurately detect and quantify Sargassum in an automatic fashion. Here, we address this challenge by combining large quantities of high-resolution satellite data with deep learning. Specifically, data from the Multispectral Instrument (MSI, 10–20 m), Operational Land Imager (OLI, 30 m), WorldView-II (WV-2, 2 m), and PlanetScope/Dove (3 m) are used with a deep convolution neural network (DCNN) to extract Sargassum features and quantify Sargassum biomass density or areal coverage. By utilizing the U-net architecture and the pre-trained weights from the VGG16 model, the DCNN (i.e., the VGGUnet model) can extract Sargassum features while discarding other confusing features (waves, currents, phytoplankton blooms, clouds, cloud shadows, or striping noise). For Sargassum biomass estimated from OLI and MSI images, results indicate an accuracy of ~92% and 90%, respectively, when evaluated using images from the same sensor. When Sargassum areal coverage is estimated from WV-2 and Dove images, there is an accuracy of ~98% and 82%, respectively. When different sensors are cross-compared, OLI reveals ~30% more Sargassum biomass than MODIS from 14 OLI images collected in the Caribbean Sea (path/row: 001/050) for their commonly viewed observable areas, and ~ 180% more Sargassum biomass than MSI (N = 15, path/row: 001/050); such differences appear systematic (R2 = 0.98 and 0.73, respectively). Compared to the quasi-simultaneous MSI, OLI, and MODIS images, Dove shows higher Sargassum coverage. Higher-resolution sensors tend to observe more Sargassum because they can detect smaller-scale features that are missed by the coarser-resolution sensors, although the difference varies with time and location. The morphological characteristics of Sargassum features from these high-resolution data are also reported to facilitate management actions. The findings here not only fill the knowledge gaps and coverage gaps from previous studies, but more importantly pave the road toward operational monitoring and tracking Sargassum features in nearshore waters.

The effects of bioactive compound (Antioxidant) from Sargassum extract on the erythrocytes and differential leucocytes of catfish (Clarias sp.)

This study aims to confirm the antioxidant activities of brown seaweed, Sargasum as a potential additive for catfish feed. The research conducted with various solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) to determine phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities. The bioactive compound from Sargassum extract was used in Catfish diets which is expected to optimize the number of erythrocytes and differential leukocytes (the number of neutrophils monocytes and lymphocytes). The result of showed that the total phenol content of the ethyl acetate extract of Sargassum was 127.5 mg GAE/g extract, while the total flavonoid content was 107.66 mg QE/g extract. The ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 29.84 ppm. Meanwhile, in the observation of fish blood test, the use of extract Sargassum in diets with doses 5, 10 and 15 g/Kg during 21 days gave an impact on the number of erythrocytes and percentage of lymphocytes. The highest value of erythrocytes was found in treatment with dose 15 g/Kg on 21st day, 16.57 ± 1.43 x 105 cells/mm3. In case of differential leucocytes test, there was not indicated the influence of the Sargassum extract in diets to the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes of the blood fish. It can be concluded that 15 g/Kg additional extract of Sargassum in diets, which contains the bioactive compound, give the effectiveness of the optimal response immune system in catfish.

Effect of Brown Algae Extract Sargassum sp on Malondialdehyde Levels in White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Pregnant Wistar Strains

Pregnancy is an inflammatory condition that produces unstable oxidative stress and can damage macroeconomic tissue including DNA and protein which disrupt the placentation process. Increased levels of malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of antioxidants. This research was conducted experimentally with pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Using three treatment groups for the white rat (Rattus Norvegicus) test for Pregnant Wistar Strains. Twenty-one samples consisted of three groups (Group 1 negative control, Group 2: sea algae extract Sargassum sp dose 300 mg/kg bb/day, Group 3: sea algae extract Sargassum sp dose 600 mg/kg bb/day. Malondialdehyde levels were determined by examination Eliza sandwich The results showed that Sargassum Sp brown algae extract had a significant effect on decreasing levels of malondialdehyde (300mg p: 0.008 dose; 600mg p: 0.001 dose) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Pregnant Wistar Strains.

Automatic Extraction of Sargassum Features From Sentinel-2 MSI Images

Frequent Sargassum beaching in the Caribbean Sea and other regions has caused severe problems for local environments and economies. Although coarse-resolution satellite instruments can provide large-scale Sargassum distributions, their use is problematic in nearshore waters that are directly relevant to local communities. Finer resolution instruments, such as the multispectral instruments (MSIs) on the Sentinel-2 satellites, show potential to fill this gap, yet automatic Sargassum extraction is difficult due to compounding factors. In this article, a new approach is developed to extract Sargassum features automatically from MSI Floating Algae Index (FAI) images. Because of the high spatial resolution, limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and staggered instrument internal configuration, there are many nonalgae bright targets (including cloud artifacts and wave-induced glints) causing enhanced near-infrared reflectance and elevated FAI values. Based on the spatial patterns of these image “noises,” a Trainable Nonlinear Reaction Diffusion (TNRD) denoising model is trained to estimate and remove such noise. The model shows excellent performance when tested over realistic noise patterns derived from MSI measurements. After removing such noise and masking clouds (as well as cloud shadows and glint patterns), biomass density from each valid pixel is quantified using the FAI-biomass model established from earlier field measurements, from which Sargassum morphology (length/width/biomass) is derived. Overall, the proposed approach achieves over 86% Sargassum extraction accuracy and shows preliminary success on Landsat-8 images. The approach is expected to be incorporated in the existing near real-time Sargassum Watch System for both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 observations to monitor Sargassum over nearshore waters.

The effect of phlorotannin Sargassum sp. extract on colon profile of diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia. Polyphenol is capable of being scavenger of free radicals by transferring its hydroxyl atom. Polyphenol, which contained in brown algae, is phlorotannin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phlorotannin from Sargassum sp. on blood glucose and histopathology of the colon of diabetic rats. Research steps were extraction of a phlorotannin, the establishment of the diabetic model, general histological staining, histopathology analysis, and determination of phlorotannin contain. This research was comprised of seven groups and five replications of treatment. Diabetic rats were prepared by injection of 40 mg/kg BW streptozotocin in intraperitoneal. The results showed that Sargassum sp. extracts were capable of diminishing blood glucose level, likewise repairing the histopathology of the colon. A dose of 600 mg/kg BW is the best dose of extract Sargassum sp. on improving the colon profile of diabetic rats.

Application of local seaweed extracts on growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.)

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the horticultural crops of vegeTable species that are utilized in young leaves. Utilization of seaweed as biofertilizer can be an alternative solution to environmental problems caused by mineral fertilizers because they are safe for soil and plant microbes. The research aimed to determine the effect of extract of seaweeds growing Central Sulawesi on growth and yield of mustard greens. This study consisted of six treatments: P0 = control, P1 = NPK fertilizer, P2 = seaweed extract Caulerpa sp., P3 = seaweed extract Sargassum sp., P4 = seaweed extract Kappaphycus alvarezii, P5 = seaweed extract Ulva sp., Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and chlorophyll content were measured during the growing period and at harvest. The results showed that the seaweed extracts significantly affected on growth and yield of mustard greens plants. The most effective seaweed extracts for mustard greens plants was from Ulva sp. which produced average leave fresh weight 772.79 g and 10.40 numbers of leaves.

Using Oven Microwave for Synthesis ZnO Nps using Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. Extract

An oven microwave was established for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. extract and 0.1 M ZnCl2 solution as a precursor. The ZnO nanoparticles had been characterized such as chemical structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size distribution with Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and crystalline properties with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed that FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of hydroxyl groups and sulfate polysaccharide in the formation of ZnO NPs and protein was involved in stabilizing. PSA analysis showed that the size ranged of ZnO NPs extract Sargassum sp. synthesized 351,14 and 1.336.19 nm for extract Padina sp. The particle size distribution was homogeneous but their size hadn’t met the size of nanometers. The range of %mass elements Zn and O ZnO extract Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. synthesized didn’t approach standard ZnO. The crystallinity properties showed only ZnO extract of Padina sp. synthesized which had a peak with an angle value of 2θ was almost equal to standard ZnO and after confirmed to Match program! 3 crystal structure ZnO synthesized wasn’t imperfect hexagonal wurtzite. Ovens microwave could be used to synthesize ZnO from Padina sp. extract but it was still necessary to develop a method so that ZnO could be obtained with nanoparticle size and ideal hexagonal wurtzit structure.

In vitro regeneration of Vigna unguiculata using marine seaweed Sargassum polycystum

We have developed simple and efficient regeneration protocol using plant growth regulators and naturally available seaweed. Efficiency of Sargassum polycystum in promoting the growth of Vigna unguiculata at in vitro condition were studied. Equal sized seeds were inoculated in different concentration of seaweeds, we found that 20% of extract shown 100% germination compared to control. Initially, TDZ and Kin were tested for the multiple shoot induction. Best responded concentration was tested in combination with the seaweed extract Sargassum polycystum. We observed increase in the multiple shoot induction from 10.2 shoots per explant to 14.8 shoots per explant. Seaweed extract induced shoot elongation and rooting at in vitro condition. So we believe that, seaweed extracts has biostimulant activity, the activity of the seaweed extract is due to presence of more than one plant promoting substances.

The purity and viscosity of sodium alginate extracted from Sargassum brown seaweed species as a basic ingredient in dental alginate impression material

Sodium alginate is one of the basic ingredients of alginate impression materials. Experimental sodium alginate was made by using an immersion method in acid to extract Sargassum brown seaweed species. The sodium alginate powder was then tested for its purity and viscosity. The experimental sodium alginate had a purity determined by high-performance liquid chromatography equivalent to that of a standard sodium alginate powder (SIGMA A2158). The Brookfield viscosity test showed that the viscosity of the experimental sodium alginate was too low (45.3 mPas) and unsuitable for use as a dental alginate impression material basic ingredient.

The difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract panida sp. and sargassum sp that is derived from Punaga beach, South Sulawesi

Seaweed is one of resourceful plants in Indonesia. Some researchers suggested that brown seaweed has a potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent because it contains polysaccharide sulfate, PUFA, and fuchosantin. Punaga Village that is located in South Sulawesi is an area where most people work as seaweed farmer and cultivation of seaweed. This is why researcher found it interest to use natural sources as an alternative of herbal medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. that is derived from Punaga Beach, South Sulawesi toward mice. Twenty male mice were used as sample in this study weighing 14-35 g and divided into four groups. Thirty minutes after injection of test material, 0.5 ml pepton 1% is injected into mice leg. The assessment of mice leg use plethysmometer that is taken on the first hour until fourth hour after injection of pepton 1%. Data analysis use T-test to find out the difference of anti-inflamatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. The result of this study showed that brown algae extract Padina sp has p<0.05 and brown algae extract Sargassum sp. has p< 0.05 which means that there are anti-inflammatory effect found in both test materials. It is found that brown algae extract Padina sp.has longer anti inflammatory effect half time than in brown algae extract Sargassum sp.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Sargassum sp. dengan Pelarut Metanol pada Pakan terhadap Jumlah Eritrosit dan Differensial Leukosit Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) <Br><I>[Effect Of Extract Sargassum sp. with Methanol Solvent in Feed on Erythrocythes and Differential Leucocythes of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ]<I>

Abstract The main obstacles in successful production is the attack of a disease. Preventive measures in reducing disease one of them is by means an increase in immunity the body of fish use natural compound (Parelberg et al., 2005). One of the natural compound that can be used as obtaining the immune system fish are the vitamin C, iodine, tannin (Bachtiar, dkk., 2012) and polysaccharides and derivatives as fucoidan. (Castro et. al., 2006) which is in Sargassum sp. With the provision of extract Sargassum sp. in feed is expected to optimize the number of erythrocytes and differensial leukocytes (number of neutrophils , monocytes and lymphocytes) at african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) so that it may optimize immunity the body of fish (Brown, 2000). The result of the observation of the blood of fish test is the use of extract Sargassum sp. wich get mixed in feed with doses 5, 10 and 15 g/kilogram feed during 21 days impact on the number of erythrocytes and prosentase lymphocytes blood catfishes. In doses C (15 g extract/ kilogram feed) put a value erythrocytes highest in day 21 namely 16.84 ± 1.56 x 105 cells/mm3, and give prosentase lymphocytes highest in day 21 than those wich others are 86.00 ± 3.81 %. But in a post test, B and C not seen the real difference between treatment. While for statistics the addition of extract not indicates the influence of real to the percentage neutrophils and monocytes of the blood fish. So that it can be said that addition extract Sargassum sp. with doses 15 g extract/kilogram feed give the effectiveness of the optimal response immune system than second doses other.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Alga Cokelat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro <br><i>[Effect of Brown Algae Extract (Sargassum sp.) on Growth of Escherichia coli In Vitro]<i>

Abstract Algae Sargassum sp. showed the ability to inhibit the growth of a maximum of several types of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Because of Sargassum sp. have antibacterial with 2 active ingredients are compounds of phenol and tannin fiber. So Sargassum sp. potential to serve as antibakteri substances against several types of bacterial pathogens such as bacteria that cause diarhea.The aim of the study was to determine antibacterial activity brown algae exstract (Sargassum sp.) and determine best concentration from brown algae exstract (Sargassum sp.) to kill of E. coli. This study was conducted at several places such as Saints and Technology Faculty and Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University Surabaya. Research was done September 2010. This study was conducted in the laboratory using experimental method completely randomized design with twelve treatments and there replications. The main objectives of this study were MBC extract of Sargassum sp. Result of the study analyzed with Khi-Khuadrat. Result of the study showed that extract Sargassum sp. has antimicrobial activity against E. coli were determined with in vitro method. Based on MBC data were found to be effective to kill of E. coli at 50 %. Exploration potential of extracts from brown algae (Sargassum sp.) against various species of bacteria that cause diarrhea are expected to become a new information about the content of extracts of Sargassum sp. as an antibacterial. Also from this research will be obtained an alternative treatment of diarrheal diseases that come from living marine resources and will eventually increase the economic value of fishery commodities which have not explored its use as Sargassum sp.