Extract Of Phyllanthus Niruri Research Articles

Investigation on photocatalytic activity of bio-treated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri and Moringa stenopetala leaf extract against methylene blue and phenol molecules: Kinetics, mechanism and stability

In this article, Bio-treatment of α-Fe2O3 nanostructure using Phyllanthus niruri and Moringa stenopetala leaf extract as an effective reducing agent is carried out. The preparation of the rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 nanostructure is confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. The adsorption of biomolecules on the surface of the α-Fe2O3 nanostructure is confirmed using FT-IR. The chemical state analysis of green treated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was carried out using XPS techniques and it confirms the existence of Fe-2p and O-1s elements. The surface area of Moringa stenopetala leaf extract treated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were identified using BET analysis and it is found to be 58 m2/g. The formation of spherical shaped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was identified using HR-TEM analysis and EDX reveals the absence of any other impurities. The reactive species trapping experiment confirms the rapid production of O2•- and •OH radicals during photocatalytic process. The degradation efficiency of PNFO and MSFO against MB after 180 min was estimated to be 92% and 96%, respectively. The degradation efficiency of PNFO and MSFO against phenol after 240 min was estimated to be 90% and 92%, respectively.

Investigation on phytochemical composition, anti-oxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri schumach & thonn. And protein modelling and drug docking

The study aims to investigate the Phytochemical Composition, Anti-oxidant and Anticancer properties of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri Schumach & Thonn And the Protein Modelling and drug docking. The research deals with the methanolic extraction and phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents and anti-oxidant assay. By performing GC-MS characterisation, various active metabolites are analysed. Thin-layer chromatography profiling of the Phyllanthus niruri methanolic extract was performed. The IC50 of the Phyllanthus niruri methanolic extract against PA-1 Cell lines(Ovarian cancer) was calculated. Docking studies also performed for antitumor activity by using Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics software on corilagin and cisplatin. The results suggested that the methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri leaves has the anticancer cancer effect on the ovarian cell line. The docking studies also performed that Corilagin interaction with T.F. receptor shows a high binding score when compared to cisplatin. Our future research can be done in this area to optimise anticancer activity efficacy. Our results can be further tested Clinico-pharmacologically to prove its efficiency in human beings.

Green Synthesis, Characterization & Antibacterial Studies of Silver (Ag) and Zinc Oxide (Zno) Nanoparticles

Green synthesis nanoparticles were considered as an alternative effective resource instead of chemically engineered metal oxide nanoparticles. Using leaf extracts for green synthesis, essential for the reduction and oxidation process of the metals. Phyllanthus niruri (L.) and Aristolochia indica (L.) leaf extracts were used to synthesize yellowish brown coloured silver (Ag) and white coloured zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Synthesized green nanoparticles characterized by different spectroscopic analysis (XRD, XPS, FTIR, PL) and TEM. Characterization results confirmed the particles morphology, size, structure and also their optical and photonic properties. Three different concentrations of Ag and ZnO NPs were analysed against three (gram positive) and five (gram negative) bacteria. Increased levels of green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed increased zone of inhibition than amoxicillin (positive control). Our study proved that the green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed similar unique physical and chemical properties with metal oxide nanoparticles but less toxic while their discharge into the ecosystem.

Molecular intrinsic proximal interaction infer oxidative stress and apoptosis modulated in vivo biocompatibility of P.niruri contrived antibacterial iron oxide nanoparticles with zebrafish

Extensive use of magnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles (IONP) has raised concerns about their biocompatibility. It has also stimulated the search for its green synthesis with greater biocompatibility. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the molecular nanotoxicity of IONP with embryonic and adult zebrafish, and reveal novel green fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles (P-IONP) using medicinal plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri. The synthesized P-IONP was having a size of 42 ± 08 nm and a zeta potential of −38 ± 06 mV with hydrodynamic diameter of 109 ± 09 nm and 90emu/g magnetic saturation value. High antibacterial efficacy of P-IONP was found against E.coli. Comparative in vivo biocompatibility assessment with zebrafish confirmed higher biocompatibility of P-IONP compared to commercial C-IONP in the relevance of mortality rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological abnormalities. LC50 of P-IONP and C-IONP was 202 μg/ml and 126 μg/ml, respectively. Molecular nano-biocompatibility analysis revealed the phenomenon as an effect of induced apoptosis lead by dysregulation of induced oxidative stress due to structural and functional influence of IONP to Sod1 and Tp53 proteins through intrinsic atomic interaction.

Biolarvicide of Herba Ethanol Extract of Phyllanthus niruri L on Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larva Vector Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Disease (DHF)

Until now, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has not found a cure or vaccine, so one of the prevention is to break the chain of transmission of this disease. Phyllanthus niruri L is a wild plant that can live in moist and rocky places. This plant has the ability to cure hepatitis, anti-mosquito, anti-inflammatory, fever, launching urine, expectorant, launching menstruation and increasing appetite. This research aims to determine the biolarvaside and LC50 and LC90 values of the Phyllanthus niruri L herbal extract against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Three hundred instar mosquito larvae III were put into each container containing the treatment determined P0 = without administration of extract, P1 = given abate 1% (Control +), P2 = given Ethanol Extract Herb Phyllanthus niruri 25% concentration, P3 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 50% and P4 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 75%. Each container is filled with 20 larvae. Observation of the larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L was carried out at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Data from observations of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae mortality were then analyzed using ANOVA. To determine the value of LC50 and LC90 extract of Phyllanthus niruri L, it was analyzed using probit analysis. The results showed that the calculated F value was 281,558 with a F probability of 0,000 (p <0.05), which means that the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L affected the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. LC50 value of 2.644% with an upper limit of 1.040 and a lower limit of 3.674. While the LC90 value of 5.772% with an upper limit of 4.424 and a lower limit of 12.042.

The effect of temperature, salinity and antimicrobial agent on growth and viability of Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria have been pathogen of Motile Aeromonads Septicemia disease that infects all of the freshwater fish. Control of microbe growth can be done by manipulating environmental factors and utilizing antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity, and antimicrobial on the growth and viability of A. hydrophila. The treatments of the study consisted of temperature, salinity, and antimicrobial tests. Temperature treatment used Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) medium incubated at 4˚C, 28˚C, 37˚C, and 70˚C. Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) added with NaCl of 0%, 3%, and 10% in salinity treatment. Antimicrobial treatment was performed by disc diffusion method using chloramphenicol (25 ppm and 50 ppm), Phyllanthus niruri extract (3 ppt and 30 ppt), formaldehyde (0.4% and 4%), penicillin (25 ppm and 50 ppm), and NaCl 0.9% (control). All treatments were incubated for 24 hours at 28˚C and were observed for bacterial growth. The study showed that A. hydrophila bacteria were growth optimally in medium with salinity 0% and 3% after incubated in temperatures of 4˚C, 28˚C, and 37˚C. Antimicrobial that inhibits the growth of A. hydrophila was Chloramphenicol 25 and 50 ppm; Phyllanthus niruri extract 30 ppt and formaldehyde 0.4% and 4%.

Nano-Herb of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) as Antibacteria against Escherichia coli

Introduction: Escherichia coli infection cause death and declining production of broiler farm in Indonesia frequently. Its infection occurs systemic and lead to bacteremia. Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal nano-herb of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract capability as antibacterial against Escherichia coli. Methods: Obtained data was tested parametrically using prohibit analyzes. The method for the research was dilution method. Before the substance was diluted, phytochemical screening on the substance was conducted. Results: The result of the screening revealed that meniran extract contains some compounds such as alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and steroid. The result of MIC assay was not capable to be observed due to blackish colour of the extract which covered the medium. MBC assay showed that nano-herb of meniran extract 5% of doze was capable to against growth of Escherichia coli. Conclusion: In conclusion, meniran nano-herb has capability as antibacterial against APEC.

Blood pressure lowering effect and vascular activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract: The role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway and β-adrenoceptor mediated relaxation of isolated aortic rings.

Phyllanthus niruri have a long history of use in the traditional treatment of various ailments including hypertension. Literature reports have indicated that it is a potent antihypertensive herbal medication used traditionally. This study was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity of four solvents extracts of P. niruri namely; petroleum ether (PEPN), chloroform (CLPN), methanol (MEPN) and water (WEPN), with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action and identifying the phytochemical constituents. Male Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) were given oral gavage of P. niruri extract daily for two weeks and the blood pressure was recorded in vivo. We also determine the vasodilation effect of the extracts on rings of isolated thoracic aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1μM). Endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded aorta rings were pre-incubated with various antagonists like 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10μM) and Methylene blue (MB 10μM), sGC inhibitors; Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 10μM) a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor; atropine (10μM), a cholinergic receptor blocker; indomethacin (10μM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and various K+ channel blockers such as glibenclamide (10μM) and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA 10μM) for mechanism study. SHRs receiving P. niruri extracts showed a significant decrease in their blood pressure (BP) when compared to the baseline value, with PEPN being more potent. The extracts (0.125-4mg/mL) also induced vasorelaxation on endothelium-intact aorta rings. PEPN elicited the most potent maximum relaxation effect (Rmax). Mechanism assessment of PEPN showed that its relaxation effect is significantly suppressed in endothelium-denuded aorta rings. Pre-incubation of aorta rings with atropine, L-NAME, ODQ, indomethacin, and propranolol also significantly attenuated its relaxation effect. Conversely, incubation with TEA and glibenclamide did not show a significant effect on PEPN-induced relaxation. This study indicates that the antihypertensive activity of P. niruri extract is mediated by vasoactive phytoconstituents that dilate the arterial wall via endothelium-dependent pathways and β-adrenoceptor activity which, in turn, cause vasorelaxation and reduce blood pressure.

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus niruri on Leptin Level in Animal Model of Diabetes Mellitus

To study the effect of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri on animal model of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in rats by injecting Streptozotocin (60mg/kg) intraperitonealy. Blood glucose was measured on day 3 by GOD-POD method. Rats having fasting blood glucose &gt;250 mg/dl were further selected for study. Four groups were created i.e. Control, Control+Streptozotocin, Streptozotocin+ Metformin(75mg/kg) and Streptozotocin+ extract of P. niruri (250mg/kg). Each group was consisting of 6 rats of either sex. Metformin and experimentalextract were administered for 21 days. Blood Glucose was measured on day 7 and 21. Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Leptin level were also measure by commercially available kit. Anti-oxidant potential was assessed by estimating extent of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) by Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH) in four different tissues i.e. Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, Muscle on day 21. Unpaired and paired student’s t-test were applied for statistical analysis using SPSS Software. The extract of P. niruri showed significant decrease in blood glucose level on day 21 (p-0.04). The treatment didn’t show significant lowering of Leptin and Cholesterol level however Triglyceride level was significantly reduced (p-0.05). The treatment group showed improvement in oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH and decreasing LPO and NO activity. The study showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of methanolic extract of P.niruri.

Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves extract of Phyllanthus niruri (L.) and their antibacterial properties

In recent times, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered wide interest owing to its inherent features such as rapidity, simplicity, eco-friendliness and cheaper costs. For the first time, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract in the current investigation. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak was identified to be 423 nm. The morphology of the silver nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of the silver nanoparticles was found to be 10-50 nm, with an average size 15 nm. FTIR analysis was done to identify the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of the AgNPs. The antibacterial potential of synthesized AgNPs was compared with that of aqueous extracts of P.niruri by well diffusion method. The AgNPs at 50µl concentration significantly inhibited bacterial growth against A.hydrophila (16 ± 0.09 mm). Thus AgNPs showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity at lower concentration and may be a good alternative therapeutic approach in future.&#x0D; Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, AgNps, Aeromonas hydrophila, Antibacterial Activity.

Adipocytokine Regulation and Antiangiogenic Activity Underlie the Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Effects of Phyllanthus niruri against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The growth of adipose tissues is considered angiogenesis-dependent during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have recently reported that our standardized 50% methanolic extract (ME) of Phyllanthus niruri (50% ME of P. niruri) has alleviated NAFLD in Sprague–Dawley rats. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of action, and to further evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of this extract. NAFLD was induced by eight weeks of high-fat diet, and treatment was applied for four weeks. Antiangiogenic activity was assessed by aortic ring assay and by in vitro tests. Our findings demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of 50% ME among NAFLD rats, were associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin, reduction in the serum levels of RBP4, vaspin, progranulin, TNF-α, IL-6, and significant downregulation of the hepatic gene expression of PPARγ, SLC10A2, and Collα1. Concomitantly, 50% ME of P. niruri has exhibited a potent antiangiogenic activity on ring assay, cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tube formation, without any cytotoxic effect. Together, our findings revealed that the protective effects of P. niruri against NAFLD might be attributed to its antiangiogenic effect, as well as to the regulation of adipocytokines and reducing the expression of adipogenic genes.

Effect of Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc.) Bark on the Phagocytic Activity of Wistar Rat Macrophages.

The essential oil of Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc., Lauraceae) bark is a potential immunomodulator in vitro. This study evaluated the potential immunomodulatory effects of Massoia bark infusion on the nonspecific immune response (phagocytosis) of Wistar rats. For the in vitro assay, macrophages were treated with the freeze-dried infusion at the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 µg/mL media. For the in vivo assay, two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group received distilled water at the dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight (BW), with the herbal product containing Phyllanthus niruri extract that was administered as the positive control at the dose of 0.54 mL/rat. The treatment groups received the infusion at a dose of 100, 300, or 500 mg/100 g BW. Treatments were given orally every day for 14 days. The ability of macrophage cells to phagocyte latex was determined as phagocytic index (PI), and it was observed under microscopy with 300 macrophages. The in vitro study revealed that the phagocytic activity of the infusion-treated macrophages significantly increased in comparison with that of the control macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among all of the treatment concentrations, the concentration of 40 µg/mL provided the highest activity with a PI value of 70.51 ± 1.11%. The results of the in vivo assay confirmed those of the in vitro assay. The results of the present study indicate that Massoia bark can increase the phagocytic activity of rat macrophage cells.

Effect of Concentration, pH and Time on the Morphology of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Method using Phyllanthus Niruri and Solanum Nigrum Leaf Extracts

Effect of Concentration, pH and Time on the Morphology of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Method using Phyllanthus Niruri and Solanum Nigrum Leaf Extracts

Anti-hepatitis B viral activity of &lt;i&gt;Phyllanthus niruri&lt;/i&gt; L (Phyllanthaceae) in HepG2/C3A and SK-HEP-1 cells

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of an ethanol extract of Phyllanthus niruri against hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection in human HepG2/C3A cells. Methods: An ellagic acid-rich ethanol fraction was obtained from P. niruri (Euphorbiaceae) by extraction and thin-layer chromatography. The anti-HBV activity of the fraction was evaluated in vitro against HepG2/C3A cells. The physicochemical characteristics of the fraction were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 12C-NMR). Results: The isolated active compound showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 120 μg/mL. Ellagic acid had no effect on HBV DNA replication at the concentrations evaluated, and did not inhibit the reproduction of HBV. However, the ethanol fraction inhibited the growth of HBV-infected HepG2/C3A cells. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the ethanol fraction of P. niruri inhibits HBV, and that the active component is not ellagic acid. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Anti-HBeAg, Hepatitis B virus

Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler Melalui Pemberian Ekstrak Meniran

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of extracts Phyllanthus niruri extracted with water and methanol as a substitute for commercial feed additive to determine the impact on the meat quality of broilers. The research use 200 broilers which were devided into four treatments and four replication: 1) Control, broilers were given drinking water without Phyllanthus niruri extract, 2) broilers were given feed additive commercially (bacitracin), 3) broilers were given methanol extract as much as 40 mg / l; and 4) broilers were given water extract as much as of 40 mg / l of drinking water. Each replication consisted of 10 broilers. At the end of the research, four broilers from each treatment were cut. The research used the completely randomized design. The variables observed were performance (feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion), characteristics of the carcass (carcass percentage, meat and bone ratio, and percentage of abdominal fat), and the quality of the meat (fat, cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acids). Data were analyzed variance analysis. The results showed that feed consumption (84,80 vs 89,31; 89,16; 9163 g/head/day), body weight gain (55,87 vs 59,57; 59,34; 59,70 g/head/day), carcass characteristics, and meat quality were influenced by Phyllanthus niruri extract. Water extracts provide better meat quality than the methanol extract.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and gastric anti-ulcer activity of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves in experimental rats

BackgroundThe medicinal plants signify a massive basin of potential phytoconstituents that could be valuable as a substitute to allopathic drugs or considered as an analogue in drug development. Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) is generally used in traditional medicine to treat ulcer and inflammation. In this project we investigated the methanolic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus niruri for anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity.MethodsThe anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Phyllanthus niruri leaves was evaluated at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. while using ibuprofen (20 mg/kg, p.o) as the standard drug. The animals used were Swiss albino rats. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml carrageenan (1% w/v) into the left hind paw. Paw tissues from the different groups were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration. On the other hand, antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of P. niruri leaves at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. were examined against ethanol-acid induced gastric mucosal injury in the Swiss albino rats - keeping omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o.) as reference. The rats were dissected and the stomachs were macroscopically examined to identify hemorrhagic lesions in the glandular mucosa.ResultsP. niruri significantly (p < 0.01) decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema; it exhibited a reduction of 46.80%, 55.32% and 69.14% at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. These findings were further supported by the histological study. The methanolic extract also disclosed good protective effect against ethanol-acid induced gastric mucosal injury in the rats. Administration of the extract’s doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the ethanol- acid induced gastric erosion in all the experimental groups when compared to the control. The methanolic extract at the higher dose (400 mg/kg) resulted in better inhibition of ethanol-acid induced gastric ulcer as compare to omeprazole (20 mg/kg). Histological studies of the gastric wall revealed that toxic control rats revealed mucosal degeneration, ulceration and migration of numerous inflammatory cells throughout the section. On the other hand, MEPN treatment groups showed significant regeneration of mucosal layer and significantly prevented the formation of hemorrhage and edema.ConclusionsThe investigation suggests that methanolic extract of P. niruri leaf possess anti-inflammatory activity and promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by regeneration of mucosal layer and substantial prevention of the formation of hemorrhage and edema.

An assessment of the phytochemicals and antibacterial activity on pathogenic clinical isolates On extract ofphyllanthusniruri.

Throughout the history of drug development, natural products have provided a fundamental source of drugs for fighting infections. In this study, the phytochemical constituents present in the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Keela Nelli) were screened and their antibacterial properties in vitro were determined using the agar diffusion plate method on selected human pathogens, namely Vibrio cholera 01ogawa, V. cholera 0139, V. parahaemolyticusVP81; O3:K6, Vibrio fluvialis, Salmonella enteritidis-A11, Shigella dysenteriae type 5, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas sp. The solvent extracts revealed a good concentration dependent antibacterial activity against the test organisms similar to that of the standard antibiotic discs, such as Penicillin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin and Rifampicin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging power against 1, 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The IC50 values of the methanolic extract of P. niruri was 49.2 µg/ml and that of control i.e. ascorbic acid was 39.1 µg/ml. Results of phytochemical components of the leaf extracts of Phyllanthus niruri were rich in the alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins, which might be responsible for its various bioactivities. Qualitative estimation was also done by FT-IR and GCMS analyses for the determination of major functional groups. The outcome of this study could therefore justify the ethno medicinal uses of P. niruri and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of P. niruri against human pathogens.

Metabolic and biochemical changes in streptozotocin induced obese-diabetic rats treated with Phyllanthus niruri extract

Herbal medicine has been proven to be an effective therapy offering a variety of benefits, such as moderate reduction in hypoglycemia, in the treatment and prevention of obesity and diabetes. Phyllanthus niruri has been used as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. Herein, the induction of type 2 diabetes in Sprague–Dawley rats was achieved by a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (25mg/kgbw). Here, we evaluated the in vivo antidiabetic properties of two concentrations (250 and 500mg/kg bw) of P. niruri via metabolomics approach. The administration of 500mg/kgbw of P. niruri extract caused the metabolic disorders of obese diabetic rats to be improved towards the normal state. The extract also clearly decreased the serum glucose level and improved the lipid profile in obese diabetic rats. The results of this study may contribute towards better understanding the molecular mechanism of this medicinal plant in managing diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Phyllanthus niruri.

This study was designed to investigate the potential Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri ) extracts in promotion of hair growth. Here, we studied the hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether extract of P. niruri following its topical administration. Alopecia was induced in albino rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone for 21 days. Evaluation of hair loss inhibition was done by concurrent administration of extract and monitoring parameters like follicular density, anagen/telogen (A/T) ratio and histological observation of animal skin sections. Finasteride solution was applied topically as standard. In vitro experiments were also performed to study the effect of extract on the activity of 5α-reductase enzyme. Groups treated with petroleum ether extract of plant showed hair re-growth as reflected by follicular density, A/T ratio and skin sections. Histopathology and morphologic observations of hair re-growth at shaved sites showed active follicular proliferation. In vitro experiments results showed inhibitory activity of petroleum ether extract on type-2 5α-reductase enzyme and an increase in the amount of testosterone with increasing concentrations. It could be concluded that petroleum ether extracts of P. niruri might be useful in the treatment of testosterone-induced alopecia in the experimental animal by inhibiting 5α-reductase enzyme.

Determination of Effective Dosage of Phyllanthus niruri to Modulate Stress in Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

A study was performed to determine the effects of supplementing Phyllanthus niruri, an herbal medicinal plant found worldwide and its optimal dosage to modulate stress in tilapia. Phyllanthus niruri-extract from three different sources (suppliers) was given to study fish through supplementation to commercial fish feed at the rate of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentration. Administration of 5% Phyllanthus niruri from Source B significantly reduced blood glucose in fish.