Cissus Quadrangularis Extract Research Articles

Derivatisation mechanistic-guided identification of phytoconstituents of different extracts of Cissus quadrangularis by TLC and standardization by HPTLC

BackgroundCissus quadrangularis is an indigenous medicinal herb which belongs to the family Vitaceae & commonly found in tropical and subtropical xeric wood. This plant is prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature as a general tonic with excellent bone fracture healing properties. Different analytical approaches must be used to characterise the extracts to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of different solvent-based plant extracts. AimDifferent extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) were screened by TLC, antioxidant activity and HPTLC. MethodsIn the present study, the preliminary phytoconstituents’ analysis of sequential extracts of CQ; Petroleum ether extract (PECQ), Chloroform extract (ChCQ), Ethanol extract (EtCQ) and Water extract (WCQ) has been done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Additionally, the usage of derivative reagents and the reaction mechanism between derivative reagents and phytoconstituents were used to confirm the kind of phytoconstituents. The extracts were also evaluated by antioxidant activity that was accessed by the DPPH assay. The extract with the highest antioxidant activity was standardised by HPTLC. ResultsTerpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, coumarin, steroidal (phytoestrogen) and other phenolic/polyphenolic phytoconstituents were found to be present in extracts of Cissus quadrangularis. EtCQ showed the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 31.71±0.30 µg/ml which was significantly higher than PECQ, ChCQ and WCQ extract with an IC50 of 84.82±0.35 µg/ml, 79.16±0.35 µg/ml and 215.06±0.25 µg/ml respectively. EtCQ was standardized by HPTLC to quantify the marker constituent. ConclusionThis publication is the first to describe the in-depth analysis of Cissus quadrangularis extracts using thin-layer chromatography, as well as potential detection pathways using different reagents. TLC profiling also justifies the antioxidant behaviour of different extracts.

Osteoinductive effect of the nanoparticulate form of Cissus quadrangularis ethanolic extract on implant surface in experimental animals

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) of a plant extract on implant osseointegration in vivo. NPs of the Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract were synthesized. Twenty Wistar rats were included in the study. The test group (n = 5) had NPs-incorporated, the control group (n = 5) had no incorporation of NPs, and the sham group (n = 5) did not have implants placed. The toxicity profile of NPs was carried out by biochemical analysis before and after the implant placement. The rate of integration was assessed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Digital X-ray, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05) and the differences were uncovered with post hoc Tukey’s test.ResultsRadiographs showed that the bone density around implants with NPs was considerably higher than those without NPs. The osteoid seam along the implant surface was found to be considerably higher in the test group. A noteworthy increase was observed in the bone formation around the implants in bone samples belonging to the test group. Comparing the values at different time intervals, the highest serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was noted in the test group after six weeks and the lowest serum Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was documented in the test group after 6 weeks.ConclusionThe test group samples exhibited an osseointegration rate of less than 2 weeks thus demonstrating CQ NPs to be a potent osteoinductive agent.Graphical abstract

Development of a Cissus quadrangularis-Doped Extracellular Matrix and a Hyaluronic Acid-Incorporated Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro Study.

The study aimed to analyze whether adding Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and the extracellular matrix of ovine tendon (TENDON) increases the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells produced in hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds for tenogenesis. Fifty grams of powdered CQ was mixed with 250 mL of ethanol to prepare the extract. Two grams of hyaluronic acid powder was added to 100 mL of distilled water to make the HA solution. The ovine tendon was decellularized using a mixture of 10% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton-X. The hydrogel samples were prepared by mixing the extracellular matrix of tendon, HA, and CQ, after which they were divided into study groups such as HA, HA + CQ, HA + TENDON, and HA + CQ + TENDON. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, swelling analysis, differentiation analysis, compression test, compatibility assay, and tenogenesis assay were later conducted. The morphology of the samples was analyzed using SEM. Low levels of swelling of the hydrogels were observed. Cells were found to be viable and showed good differentiation and tenogenesis. Optimal compression levels were observed, and the properties of the prepared hydrogels were satisfactory. The results suggest that the addition of CQ considerably increases the tenogenic potential of the extracellular matrix/HA scaffold. Hence, it can be used as a regenerative material for periodontal tissue regeneration.

IN SILICO SCREENING OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS AND CHROMOLAENA ODORATA AGAINST PROTEINS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND WOUND HEALING

In silico screening is a methodological approach, which is invaluable for rational drug design and the identification of potential therapeutic agents. In the context of antibiotic-resistant infectious wounds, molecular docking can provide a deeper understanding of how phytocompounds might interfere with bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. In this study, proteins involved in antimicrobial resistance and wound healing were docked against major phytoconstituents of ethyl acetate extract of Cissus quadrangularis (EACQ) and ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata (EECO), two medicinal plants that have been traditionally used. Receptor structures for interleukin 6 (PDB id: 1n26) of human and mice, IL6 (Uniprot id p 20607) of rat, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR, PDB id: 2ctw) for human, mice, rat and penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a, PDB id: 1vqq) of S. aureus were downloaded from the database of the RCSB protein data bank. The ligand structures were downloaded from PubChem compound database in structure data file (.SDF) format. The docking studies were conducted using Autodock4. and the results of the docking analysis were visualised using Discovery Studio Visualizer. The docking log (dlg) file, featuring an RMSD table, provides binding energy values in Kcal/mol for each molecule at its optimal docked postures, offering insights into structural accuracy and ligand-receptor interaction strength in molecular docking simulations. In silico analysis of ligands showed that squalene of EACQ and epilupeol of EECO had the least binding energy towards proteins of antimicrobial resistance and wound healing. Thus, these compounds could emerge as promising lead molecules against infectious wounds.

Development of Cissus quadrangularis-Loaded POSS-Reinforced Chitosan-Based Bilayer Sponges for Wound Healing Applications: Drug Release and In Vitro Bioactivity.

Nowadays, antibiotic-loaded biomaterials have been widely used in wound healing applications. However, the use of natural extracts has come into prominence as an alternative to these antimicrobial agents in the recent period. Among natural sources, Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) herbal extract is used for treatment of bone and skin diseases in ayurvedic medicine due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, chitosan-based bilayer wound dressings were fabricated with electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques. CQ extract-loaded chitosan nanofibers were coated on chitosan/POSS nanocomposite sponges using an electrospinning method. The bilayer sponge is designed to treat exudate wounds while mimicking the layered structure of skin tissue. Bilayer wound dressings were investigated with regard to the morphology and physical and mechanical properties. In addition, CQ release from bilayer wound dressings and in vitro bioactivity studies were performed to determine the effect of POSS nanoparticles and CQ extract loading on NIH/3T3 and HS2 cells. The morphology of nanofibers was investigated with SEM analysis. Physical characteristics of bilayer wound dressings were determined with FT-IR analysis, swelling study, open porosity determination, and mechanical test. The antimicrobial activity of CQ extract released from bilayer sponges was investigated with a disc diffusion method. Bilayer wound dressings' in vitro bioactivity was examined using cytotoxicity determination, wound healing assay, proliferation, and the secretion of biomarkers for skin tissue regeneration. The nanofiber layer diameter was obtained in the range of 77.9-97.4 nm. The water vapor permeability of the bilayer dressing was obtained as 4021 to 4609 g/m2day, as it is in the ideal range for wound repair. The release of the CQ extract over 4 days reached 78-80% cumulative release. The release media were found to be antibacterial against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro studies showed that both CQ extract and POSS incorporation induced cell proliferation as well as wound healing activity and collagen deposition. As a result, CQ-loaded bilayer CHI-POSS nanocomposites were found as a potential candidate for wound healing applications.

Sustainable synthesis of nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots derived from Cissus quadrangularis for biomarker applications

This study demonstrated an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and easy method for manufacturing biocompatible fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from the leaf extract of the medicinal herb Cissus quadrangularis. As-synthesized nitrogen doped-CQDs had fluorescence quantum yields of up to 5%. The presence of pyrrolic/pyridinic-N, quaternary-N (N–C3), and OC–N, as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reveals that nitrogen atoms were efficiently doped in CQDs. The size distribution of as-synthesized CQDs was found to be within 4–9 nm using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Meanwhile, nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed the presence of a significant proportion of sp2 and sp3 carbon groups. The zeta potential of as-synthesized CQDs was −7.8 mV, demonstrating the presence of a negatively charged surface with good stability in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the development of easy, affordable, and non-destructive fluorescence-based staining agents as an alternative to organic or synthetic dyes is widely sought. In this regard, as-synthesized N-doped CQDs shown remarkable fluorescent staining capabilities in this study and might be employed as a useful probe for optical and bio-imaging of bacteria, fungal, and plant cells. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity and cell viability of pine leaf, mushrooms, algae, fungus, and bacteria have also been examined. Even at higher doses (10.9 mg/ml), cell survival was demonstrated to be rather excellent and cytotoxicity was minimal for up to 4 days.

Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study

BackgroundOver the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of this novel material.MethodsThe present in vitro study comprised of four study groups each constituting a sample of 15 with a total sample size of sixty (n = 60). The carrageenan hydrogel devoid of Cissus quadrangularis acted as the control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the biocompatibility test was performed using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The microstructure and surface morphology of the hydrogel samples containing different concentrations of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract was investigated using SEM. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22.ResultsA significant difference (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups. Group III reported the highest activity, whereas the control group showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. While assessing the biocompatibility, a significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed with the increasing concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis. SEM analysis in group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area.ConclusionKeeping the limitations of in vitro study, it can be assumed that a carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide a favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property.

LC/MS guided identification of metabolites of different extracts of Cissus quadrangularis

Qualitative and quantitative analysis is very essential to identify the phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of a medically important plant, namely Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) were done. Cissus quadrangularis plays a pivotal role in bone healing. We qualitatively analyzed the flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, starch, saponins, tannins, phenols, glycosides, cardiac glycosides & protein in petroleum ether (PECQ), chloroform (ChCQ), ethanolic (EtCQ) and water (WCQ) extracts of Cissus quadrangularis. Also, UV spectrophotometry of different extracts was carried out to determine the total phenolic content, total alkaloid content and total flavonoid content. Our study demonstrated that phytosterols are present mainly in PECQ and EtCQ extracts. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides are present in all extracts of Cissus quadrangularis.LC/MS data showed that campesterol, ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol, pterostilbene, resveratrol, apigenin-glucoside, genistein, luteolin and prenylated chalcone are present in EtCQ. Coumarin, amino acids, campestanol, astringin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and amyrin are present in PECQ. The ChCQ extract is mainly constituted of phenolic acids, astringin, campesterol, myricetin, quercetin, amyrone and catalpol. The WCQ mainly contains amino acids, phytol, gallic acid, myricetin and catalpol. Pterostilbene and prenylated chalcones were identified for the first time in CQ extracts.

Green synthesis and characterization of bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticle with cissus quadrangularis extract to enhance orthodontic anchorage

Bisphosphonates are increasingly being used to treat several skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis. Several studies have shown that localized bisphosphonates improve orthodontic anchorage. Adverse reactions of the drug can be further avoided through more targeted drug delivery of this drug. The use of gold nanoparticles in bone tissue regeneration has shown promising results. The combination of bisphosphonate and gold nanoparticles has been shown to produce more targeted action through systemic administration in osteoporosis. The Adverse Effects of the Gold nanoparticle such as toxicity can be reduced through green synthesis. Cissus Quadrangularis is a green edible medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic preparations to treat osteoporosis, general inflammatory conditions, ulcers, menstrual disorders, hemorrhoids, and a variety of other ailments. The purpose of this study was to green synthesize Bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticles with Cissus quadrangularis extract and test their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Green synthesis of Bisphosphonate conjμgated gold nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis extract was achieved and is characterised using visual colour change, uv spectrophotometer, TEM analysis. Gold nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (150 ug/ml – 17 mm zone of Inhibition) &amp; Lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 20 mm zone of Inhibition) and showed 20% lethality at 50 ul concentration.

Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticle synthesized using cissus quadrangularis extract

Nanoparticles are being widely used in the field of medicine called Nanomedicine. Biological membranes in the human body are selectively permeable to Nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be surface modified to attach a variety of ligands which enable them to be biosensors, molecular-scale fluorescent tags, imaging agents, and targeted drug delivery vehicles. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a type of bottom-up approach in which reaction occurs with the help of reducing and stabilizing agents. Bisphosphonates are increasingly being used to treat a wide range of skeletal issues, including hereditary skeletal disorders in children, cancer-related bone metastases and osteoporosis. Cissus Quadrangularis is a green edible medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic preparations to treat osteoporosis, general inflammatory conditions, ulcers, menstrual disorders, hemorrhoids, and a variety of other ailments. It has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. Bisphosphonate conjugated with gold nanoparticle have shown to produce more targeted actionThe purpose of this study was to green synthesize Bisphosphonate conjugated gold nanoparticles with Cissus quadrangularis extract and test their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.

Cissus quadrangularis extract mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAAS activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress

Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease, and its progression is accompanied by hyperglycemia, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. Cissus quadrangularis, a traditional medicinal plant, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid. It is used to treat osteoporosis, asthma, haemorrhoids, and menstrual disorders. In the current research, we have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) against a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin-induced DCM by estimating cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers and ROS production. Material and methods Rats were fed with an HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single-shot low-dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p.). The treatment was performed by EECQ (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for six weeks. Results The extract EECQ improves glucose, insulin tolerance tests, and hypercholesteremia. DCM is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac biomarkers CKMB, and LDH, which were attenuated by the EECQ treatment. The hypertrophic biomarker ANP, BNP expression and cardiomyocyte surface area were decreased by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ also alleviated the biomarkers Angiotensin II and renin level. EECQ also reduced oxidative stress, ROS production and cardiac inflammation. Conclusion Thus, these findings suggested that EECQ could be used as a possible therapeutic regiment to treat DCM.

Carbosulfan Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats (&lt;i&gt;Rattus norvegicus&lt;/i&gt;) and Protective effect of &lt;i&gt;Cissus quadrangularis&lt;/i&gt;

Carbosulfan is the most commonly used carbamate insecticide in the agriculture industry and is known to cause diverse toxicological effects on non-target organisms. Farmers are more susceptible to accidental consumption of insecticides owing to their unscientific use and ease of access. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate reproductive toxicity induced by carbosulfan and its amelioration using traditional Cissus quadrangularis plant extract. The rats were divided into six groups; (E1) control treated with 1% DMSO/kg bw, (E2) plant extract alone (1000 mg/kg bw), (E3) low dose of carbosulfan (3.4 mg/kg bw), (E4) high dose of carbosulfan (6.37 mg/kg bw), (E5) low dose (3.4 mg/kg bw) and (E6) high dose (6.37 mg/kg bw) carbosulfan co-treatment with Cissus quadrangularis extract (1000 mg/kg bw) for 60 days. The reproductive parameters including histology of testes, sperm count, motility, morphology, and hormonal assay (FSH, T, LH) were performed. Carbosulfan treated groups (E3 &amp; E4) were manifested histopathological alterations including tubular degeneration, disorganisation of cells, vacuolisation, and sloughing of germ cells into the tubular lumen. The hormonal level, sperm count, and motility were significantly decreased and the sperm abnormality rate was increased in the E4 group compared to the control group. The groups (E5 &amp; E6) co-treated with plant extract were significantly recovered compared to insecticide-treated groups (E3 &amp; E4). The histological and hormonal changes were attributed to the reprotoxic effects of the insecticide. However, co-treatment of plant extract significantly recovered the toxic effects caused by low concentration (E5) than the high concentration (E6) of carbosulfan.

Mechanical and in-vitro studies of biodegradable chitosan/cissus quadrangularis coated flax sutures for anterior cruciate ligaments repair

In this investigation, the mechanical and In Vitro studies of chitosan/ cissus quadrangularis (CHCQ) coated braided flax sutures are carried out to explore their application towards repairing the anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL). The 5% (w/w of suture) mixture of Chitosan (CH) and quadrangularis extract (CQ) was applied on the braided suture. Chitosan (CH) and quadrangularis (CQ) mixtures were prepared in different weight ratios such as 4:1 (CHCQ41), 3:2 (CHCQ32), 1:1 (CHCQ11), and 2:3 (CHCQ23) for experimental work. These mixtures were coated on the suture using the pad-batch technique. GC-MS analysis found that cissus quadrangularis extract containing Caffeine and Phytol with the ratio of 3.20% and 15.98%. These petrochemicals are essential for muscle relaxation, pain reliever, and strengthening the immune system. Through Scanning electron microscopy analysis, It was found that with the incorporation of chitosan polymer, the surface fibrils in the suture are wrapped into the core and shown as an effective biocomposite suture. Most of the samples have displayed ultimate tensile stress between 2846 N to 2865 N, which is higher than the human ACL. The Stiffness of the suture samples varied from 437 to 471 N/mm, and the elongation of the suture samples was between the range of 34%–36%. Similarly, the knot pull strength of the suture samples varied from 241 to 243 Mpa. CHCQ11&amp;CHCQ23 has shown maximum functional performance among the different suture samples due to higher Cissus quadrangularis proportion. MTT on cell viability assay sample CHCQ11&amp;CHCQ23 have shown higher cell growth and proliferation by identifying its optical density value after the fifth day was 0.63 and 0.65. Similarly, the hemolytic percent is also higher for CHCQ11&amp;CHCQ23 with 0.7 and 0.8 Hg%.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Cissus quadrangularis extract and its invitro study

ObjectiveGreen synthesis of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterial has received significant importance in various fields. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed using aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis. Aqueous extracts of plants plays a major role to reduce the silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles and also aid as surface stabilizing material for silver nanoparticles production. MethodsThe synthesized nanoparticles was monitored by physicochemical techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, Uv–Vis, and SEM. Anti-arthritic activity of silver nanoparticles was examined by Egg albumin denaturation and albumin (BSA) denaturation method. ResultsXRD, FT-IR and Uv–Vis spectrum confirms crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles. SEM images show the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. Egg albumin denaturation method results revealed 81% inhibition and bovine serum albumin method shows 85% inhibition than standard drug. ConclusionIt confirms that, the green synthesized silver nanoparticles would be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for arthritis applications. Hence, the utilization of natural harmless materials like plant extracts for nanoparticles synthesis offers various advantages like eco-friendliness and compatibility for drug and biomedical applications.

Polyphenolic-rich Cissus quadrangularis extract ameliorates insulin resistance by activating AdipoR1 in peri-/post-menopausal rats.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant complication in menopausal women, which predisposes them to cardiovascular disorder, obesity, and diabetes. Cissus quadrangularis is a polyphenolic plant rich in nutrients and is used as an edible vegetable in Nigeria. Previously, we investigated that C. quadrangularis extract (EECQ) treatment ameliorates IR, hyperlipidemia, and overweight in diabetic rats. Accordingly, in the current study, we further evaluated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Perimenopause was induced by High-fat diet/4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide/(HFD-VCD), while postmenopause was by HFD/bilateral ovariectomy (HFD-OVX). Both the menopausal rats demonstrated an abnormal level of sex hormones, IR, hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, and abnormal weight gain. Nevertheless, EECQ treated group revealed protection from these untoward complications. Furthermore, the docking score of major constituents of EECQ on adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) depicted a strong binding affinity, which was comparable to the ligand adipoRon. Besides, AdipoR1 expression determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry was downregulated in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Similarly, the expression of AdipoR1 downstream marker APPL1 and insulin sensitivity markers, including IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4, were also dysregulated in menopausal rats. However, EECQ treated rats manifested restoration of normal expression of APPL1, IRS1, Akt1, and GLUT4 by upregulating AdipoR1. Altogether, the current study promulgated the adiponectin mimetic activity of EECQ, which is substantial to mitigate IR in menopausal conditions.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala - An in vitro Study

Background: Diabetes is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder of the present generation. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to various complications which in turn affects the vascular system, neuropathy,and more. Medicinal plants are always a good source of drug equivalent currently present. Antidiabetic drugs lead to a large amount of side effects. A comparative study was made between Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala for its antidiabetic potential.&#x0D; Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala and to compare its efficacy.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and Cinnamomum tamala were tested for its phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential.The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p&lt;0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: Phytochemical screening showed a strong presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in both the plant extract. Results showed that plant extract had antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Among them Cissus quadrangularis exhibited significantly more antidiabetic and antioxidant activity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Cissus and Cinnamomum tamala exhibits potent antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. With further invivo and invitro studies the plant extract can be formulated into a potent antidiabetic drug.

Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cissus quadrangularis on Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Cissus quadrangularis has been used for cure of various ailments that includes bone cracks, frail bones (osteoporosis), scurvy, malignant growth, annoyed stomach, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer sickness, excruciating menstrual periods, asthma, jungle fever (malaria), and mental distress. Specially it is used for bone healing properties. According to this background, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of the ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (EECQ) in different behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) on mice after two weeks treatment. Methods: Mice were divided into six groups (n=6/group): control group (normal saline), stress control (normal saline), standard group where Imipramine (15mg/kg) was used as standard drug and three test groups where three doses of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) (100, 250, and 350mg/kg) was used for two weeks treatment. All the medication and test samples were managed by means of gavage through oral course. To evaluate the antidepressant like impact of EECQ forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) have been done in mice. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that a solid and dose-dependent antidepressant effects in various mice models. The main findings of the EECQ significantly decreased the duration of immobility times in the forced swimming test (p&lt;0.5). Likewise, the extract significantly decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test (p&lt;0.5) when compared against stress control as well as against imipramine which was used as a standard. Conclusion: The present results clearly demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis possesses antidepressant-like activity in the animal behavioral models. Cissus quadrangularis plant can be used for the treatment of neurological disorders and may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.

Enhanced bone tissue regeneration via bioactive electrospun fibrous composite coated titanium orthopedic implant

One of the very reliable, attractive, and cheapest techniques for synthesizing nanofibers for biomedical applications is electrospinning. Here, we have created a novel nanofibrous composite coated Ti plate to mimic an Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) of native bone in order to enhance the bone tissue regeneration. An electrospun fibrous composite was obtained by the combination of minerals (Zn, Mg, Si) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract. Fibrous composite’s functionality, phase characteristics, and morphology were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. The average fiber diameter of MHAP/PVA had decreased from ~274 to ~255 nm after incorporating PEG polymer. That further increased from ~255 to ~275 nm after adding CQ extract. Besides the bioactivity in SBF solution, the degradable nature was confirmed by immersing the fibrous composite in Tris-HCL solution. The degradable studies evaluate that the composite was degraded depending on time, and it degrades about 9.42% after 7 days of immersion. Osteoblasts like MG-63 cells differentiation, proliferation, and calcium deposition were also determined. These results show that this new fibrous composite exhibits advanced osteoblasts properties. Thus, we concluded that this new fibrous scaffold coated Ti implant could act as a better implant to mimic ECM of bone structure and to improve osteogenesis during bone regeneration.

Cissus quadrangularis extract attenuates diabetic nephropathy by altering SIRT1/DNMT1 axis.

Hyperglycemia-induced SIRT1, DNMT1, SODs, as well as oxidative stress, play a pivotal role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Cissus quadrangularis, holds antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity; however, a direct link between its activity and prevention of diabetic nephropathy has not been ascertained yet. Accordingly, we aimed to delineate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (EECQ) against high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy rats. The control group was fed with a normal chow diet. Rats kept on an HFD for 12 weeks with a single low dose of STZ manifested the features of diabetic nephropathy. The treatment was done by the oral administration of EECQ (200 mg/kg) for six weeks (six rats in each group). Treatment with EECQ demonstrated substantial attenuation of elevated insulin resistance, lipid profile and creatinine level. Additionally, EECQ restored albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance in diabetic nephropathy rats. Furthermore, HFD consumption in rats culminated in reduced SIRT1 and enhanced DNMT1 expression, nonetheless, rescued by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ augmented the SOD 1 and 3 levels, thereby safeguarded from oxidative damage and renal inflammation. Besides, treatment protected from renal fibrosis by downregulating TGFβ, Smad2/3 and col1/3 expression in diseased rats. Thus, based on the above findings, we conclude that EECQ shows a protective effect against diabetic nephropathy.

Photocatalytic, degradation, sensing of Pb2+ using titanium nanoparticles synthesized via plant extract of Cissusquadrangularis: In-vitroanalysis of microbial and anti-cancer activities

The green synthesis of Titanium and Ti- Cerium nanoparticle (Ti-CeNP) is a convenient rapid and eco-friendly method compared to traditional synthesis methods. The green plant extract was synthesized from Cissusquadrangularis (CQ).The TiO2 and Ti-Ce nanoparticles were examined by UV, XRD,FTIR.SEM. The SEM analysis shows the size and shape moropology of TiO2 and Ti-Ce nanoparticles.The synthesized TiO2 and Ti-Ce nanoparticles were confirmed by UV in the range occur at 350 and 500 nm The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in the synthesized TiO2NPs against Bacillus subtilis (60 mm).The green synthesized TiO2 and Ti-Ce using Cissusquadrangularis plant extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity, sensing Pb2+ ion and photo catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.The Cytotoxicity of titanium nanoparticles was studied in MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. The results shows that the nanoparticles exhibits good results can satisfy the requirement of industrial production bearing the advantage of low cost,reproducible and eco-friendly.The green synthesized TiO2NPs has potential for use in the treatment for medical applications.