Beta Vulgaris Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity of Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota Methanol Extracts

Breast cancer is the world's most frequent malignancy among women. Many dietary antioxidants have been shown to help prevent oxidative stress, which has been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer. Many chronic diseases, such as cancer, can be avoided by eating fruits and vegetables on a regular and balanced basis. The current study's goal is to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic capabilities of methanolic extracts of Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic & flavonoid contents in the methanolic extracts of Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota. Further, MTT assay against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was performed for the evaluation of cytotoxic activity. The majority of secondary metabolites were found in both the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota. Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota have different total phenolic and flavonoid contents. TLC results showed many spots having different Rf values. Moreover, we observe comparable cytotoxic activity in both the extracts against MCF-7 cell lines. Our results reveal that the methanolic extracts of Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota has effective phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents vary between Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota. Further studies are needed to evaluate the chemopreventive potentials of the Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota extract when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin to mitigate the toxic side-effects of the latter.

Effect of Beta Vulgaris Extract on the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF)

The study aimed to study the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris on the breast carcinoma cell MCF-7 and the normal cell REF. Six diluted concentrations of the aqueous extract of the plant roots including (7.8, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500) µg/ml, with three exposure periods of 24, 48, and 72 hrs. The quantitative estimation of the active compounds of the aqueous extract was calculated. It was found that the aqueous extract of plant contains many active compounds such as (tannins, phenols, flavonoids and glycosides). The effect of the extract on normal REF cells after an exposure period of 72 hrs, which is represented by the concentration that causes inhibition of the proliferation of normal REF cells by 50%, is (IC50) with the aqueous extract of B. vulgaris was (6.35) mg/ml. The aqueous extract of plant was tested to detect the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extract and all concentrations used on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell. The results showed that increase in the percentage rate of inhibition of cancer cell growth was observed during the three exposure periods of 24, 48, and 72 hrs. There is significant differences at (p≤0.05) and compared with the control. The rate of inhibition ranges at the lowest concentration 500 µg/ml were (92.204±1.455) (93.616 ±1.376) and (95.325±1.407) respectively.

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Beta vulgaris extract and the evaluation of their photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Beta vulgaris extract and the evaluation of their photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Exploring the potential of Beta Vulgaris L. Against thrombocytopenia: in vitro, in silico, phytochemicals, and antioxidant analysis

The purpose of this study was to assess anti- thrombocytopenia of beetroot extract using both in vitro and in silico methods. Additionally, antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and flavonoid content of beetroot were determined. The extraction procedure was optimized by reflux method, the extracts obtained were examined to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method, while betanin concentration was determined by thin-layer chromatography. This research approach encompasses the binding acticity of ligands and target proteins, the process of docking thrombopoietin receptor (TPOr) and betanin compound using Swissdock, and the examination of docking data using the USCF Chimera software. The studies revealed that the reflux-extracted beetroot extract had a total phenol concentration of 39.72 ± 2.56 mgGAE/g. The flavonoid concentration of beetroot extract obtained using reflux extraction was 5.47 ± 0.39 mg QE/g. The qualitative test conducted using thin layer chromatography yielded data indicating that the reflux-extracted extract tested positive for betanin. The reflux approach yielded an extract with antioxidant activity (IC50) of 95.71 μg/ml. The results of the molecular docking simulation showed that the betanin compound had a ΔG value of -8.1 Kcal/mol. It interacts with multiple amino acid residues, including LEU62, PRO63, ALA64, VAL65, ASP66, ARG138, THR139, THR140, ALA141, HIS142, ALA147, ILE148, LEU150, SER151, HIS154, PRO70, ARG71, ARG102, PHE104, PHE105, PRO106, and PHE126. An in vitro study demonstrated that the extract of Beta vulgaris L. has the ability to induce blood coagulation, indicating its potential as a haemostatic agent. Additionally, in silico investigations suggest that the betanin chemicals found in beetroot serve as TpoR agonists, and it can be concluded that betanin has antithrombocytopenia potential.

Bio-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and the aqueous binder-based anode derived thereof for lithium-ion cells.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are a promising anode material for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their good rate capability, low cost, non-toxicity, excellent structural stability, extended cycle life, and low volumetric change (∼4%) during the Li+insertion/de-insertion process. In the present paper, anatase TiO2-NPs with an average particle size of ~ 12nm were synthesized via a green synthesis route using Beta vulgaris (Beetroot) extract, and the synthesized TiO2-NPs were evaluated as anode material in LIBs. Furthermore, we employed an aqueous binder (1:1 mixture of carboxy methyl cellulose and styrene butadiene) for electrode processing, making the process cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The results revealed that the Li/TiO2 half-cells delivered an initial discharge capacity of 209.7 mAh g-1 and exhibited superior rate capability (149 mAh g-1 at 20 C) and cycling performances. Even at the 5C rate, the material retained a capacity of 82.2% at the end of 100 cycles. The synthesis route of TiO2-NPs and the aqueous binder-based electrode processing described in the present work are facile, green, and low-cost and are thus practically beneficial for producing low-cost and high-performance anodes for advanced LIBs.

LC–MS/MS, GC–MS and molecular docking analysis for phytochemical fingerprint and bioactivity of Beta vulgaris L.

The plants that we consume in our daily diet and use as a risk preventer against many diseases have many biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, the phytochemical fingerprint and biological activities of Beta vulgaris L. leaf extract, which are widely consumed in the Black Sea region, were investigated. The leaf parts of the plant were dried in an oven at 35 °C and then ground into powder. The main constituents in B. vulgaris were identified by LC–MS/MS and GC–MS analyses. Phenolic content, betaxanthin and betacyanin levels were investigated in the extracts obtained using three different solvents. The biological activity of the extract was investigated by anti-microbial, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative and anti-diabetic activity tests. Anti-diabetic activity was investigated by in vitro enzyme inhibition and in-silico molecular docking was performed to confirm this activity. In the LC–MS analysis of B. vulgaris extract, a major proportion of p_coumaric acid, vannilin, protecatechuic aldehyde and sesamol were detected, while the major essential oils determined by GC–MS analysis were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and phytol. Among the solvents used, the highest extraction efficiency of 2.4% was obtained in methanol extraction, and 36.2 mg of GAE/g phenolic substance, 5.1 mg/L betacyanin and 4.05 mg/L betaxanthin were determined in the methanol extract. Beta vulgaris, which exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity by forming a zone of inhibition against all tested bacteria, exhibited anti-mutagenic activity in the range of 35.9–61.8% against various chromosomal abnormalities. Beta vulgaris extract, which did not exhibit mutagenic, sub-lethal or lethal effects, exhibited anti-proliferative activity by reducing proliferation in Allium root tip cells by 21.7%. 50 mg/mL B. vulgaris extract caused 58.9% and 55.9% inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, respectively. The interactions of coumaric acid, vanniline, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and phytol, which are major compounds in phytochemical content, with α-amylase and α-glucosidase were investigated by in silico molecular docking and interactions between molecules via various amino acids were determined. Binding energies between the tested compounds and α-amylase were obtained in the range of − 4.3 kcal/mol and − 6.1 kcal/mol, while for α-glucosidase it was obtained in the range of − 3.7 kcal/mol and − 5.7 kcal/mol. The biological activities of B. vulgaris are closely related to the active compounds it contains, and therefore studies investigating the phytochemical contents of plants are very important. Safe and non-toxic plant extracts can help reduce the risk of various diseases, such as diabetes, and serve as an alternative or complement to current pharmaceutical practices.

Nitrogen and sulfur-doped biochar supported magnetic CuZnFe2O4 as a sustainable adsorbent for efficient reactive black dye 5 removal from industrial wastewater

AbstractThe shortage of clean and safe water resources, due to the growing pollution and the high cost of water treatment techniques, has become a real threat. Herein, CuZnFe2O4@N,S-doped biochar (CZF@N,S-BC), a novel magnetic, cleaner, and completely green-based composite, was fabricated using the aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) leaves for the efficient removal of reactive black dye 5 (RB5) from industrial wastewater discharge. With the aid of numerous techniques, including Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and zeta potential analyses, CZF@N,S-BC was well-characterized. The results revealed the successful fabrication of CZF@N,S-BC with good magnetic saturation of 12 emu/g and a highly positively charged surface of 32 mV at pH 2. The removal efficiency of RB5 was reached 96.5% at equilibrium time 60 min, and adsorbent dose of 80 mg. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, while the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (PSO), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 276.57 mg/g. The thermodynamics results confirmed the physical interaction between the composite and RB5. Additionally, the composite also demonstrated exceptional reusability, maintaining a removal efficiency of 57.27% even after six consecutive cycles. To evaluate the performance of CZF@N,S-BC composite in a real water matrix, the composite was subjected to remove RB5 from a real wastewater sample obtained from an industrial discharge of a textile dyeing industry. Also, a plausible mechanism of RB5 removal by the composite was intensively discussed using XPS before and after adsorption.

Preparation and evaluation of natural lipstick from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract medicated with acyclovir

Preparation and evaluation of natural lipstick from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract medicated with acyclovir

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of bio-pigment from Beta vulgaris

ABSTRACT: Plants are essential for sustaining life on our planet, providing a diverse range of species that possess therapeutic properties. With a growing awareness of health and well-being among consumers, there has been a rise in the popularity of natural colorants sourced from plant-based materials. In this context, the main objective of this research was to extract valuable natural pigments from Beta vulgaris (commonly known as beetroot), with the aim of increasing the availability of pigments from natural sources while simultaneously minimizing environmental and health risks. The crude extract of pigments was obtained using the maceration method during the extraction process. The crude extract was then purified using flash column chromatography with various solvents as the mobile phase. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of active compounds like phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was performed to analyze the betalain profile, showing distinct bands at specific Rf values. The specific functional groups were identified in the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum based on the presence of characteristic bands. Antibacterial activity testing demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition against test organisms like Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The evaluated plant pigments exhibited positive results in terms of antioxidant activity, exhibiting free radical scavenging capabilities. The aqueous methanol extract showed the highest extraction yield at 36.71%. The aqueous methanol extract of Beta vulgaris showed the maximum antibacterial activity at 20 mm against Bacillus cereus. The methanol extract and aqueous ethanol extract displayed the lowest IC50 values (45.56 µg/ml and 43.23 µg/ml, respectively), indicating their high antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the promising potential of Beta vulgaris as a valuable source of natural pigments with both antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Acute effects of a chewable beetroot-based supplement on cognitive performance: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial

BackgroundDietary nitrate (NO3−) has been shown to be useful as an ergogenic aid with potential applications in health and disease (e.g., blood pressure control). However, there is no consensus about the effects of dietary NO3− or beetroot (BR) juice supplementation on cognitive function.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of a chewable BR-based supplement on cognitive performance.MethodsA double-blind randomized placebo-controlled two-period crossover clinical trial was carried out based on the extension of the CONSORT guidelines for randomized crossover trials. A total of 44 participants (24 F; 20 M; 32.7 [12.5] years; 66.3 [9.0] kg; 170 [9.2] cm; 22.8 [1.4] kg/m2) were randomly allocated to receive first either four BR-based chewable tablets (BR-CT) containing 3 g of a Beta vulgaris extract (RedNite®) or four tablets of a placebo (maltodextrin). A 4-day washout period was used before crossover. Ninety minutes after ingestion of the treatments, a neuropsychological testing battery was administered in each period. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT05509075.ResultsSignificant improvements with moderate effect size were found on memory consolidation at the short and long term only after BR-CT supplementation via the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate (+ 20.69%) and delayed (+ 12.34%) recalls. Likewise, enhancement on both frontal lobe functions (+ 2.57%) and cognitive flexibility (+ 11.16%) were detected after BR-CT. There was no significant change (p < 0.05) on verbal memory of short-term digits, working memory and information processing speed. Mixed results were found on mood and anxiety through the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2); however, sequence and period effects were seen on STAI-Y2.ConclusionsThe acute administration of a chewable BR-based supplement improves certain aspects of cognitive function in healthy females and males, particularly memory capacity and frontal skills.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Extract against Salmonella Typhimurium via Apoptosis-Like Death and Its Potential for Application in Cooked Pork.

Salmonella Typhimurium is a common foodborne pathogen in meat and meat products, causing significant harm and losses to producers and consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and possible mechanisms of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract against S. Typhimurium, as well as the application potential in cooked pork. The results suggested beetroot extract could inhibit S. Typhimurium with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 mg/mL. After treatment with beetroot extract (1 or 2 MIC), S. Typhimurium exhibited the characteristics of apoptotic-like death (ALD), such as membrane depolarization, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, caspase-like protein activation, and DNA fragmentation. Further research has shown that the ALD induced by beetroot extract in S. Typhimurium was caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) consumption, which was different from most natural products. The treatment of cooked pork with beetroot extract could reduce the number of S. Typhimurium, lower pH, defer lipid oxidation, and improve the colour. These results indicate that beetroot extract can inhibit S. Typhimurium through the ALD mechanism and has potential as an antibacterial agent against S. Typhimurium in ready-to-eat meat products.

Phytogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Metallic/Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Beta vulgaris L. Extract and Assessments of Their Potential Biological Activities

The synthesis of novel nanomedicines through eco-friendly protocols has been applied on a large scale with the prediction of discovering alternate therapies. The current work attained phytogenic synthesis of Ag-mNPs, AgSeO2-bmNPs, and Ag-TiO2-bmNPs through bio-reduction using an aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris (red beetroot). The phytochemical profile of the eco-friendly synthesized metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles was studied. The optical properties of nano-solutions were studied via UV-visible spectroscopy. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectral analyses revealed that stretching vibrations at wavenumbers 3303.81–3327.81 cm−1 attributed to phenolic hydroxyl groups documented shifts in the values in this range owing to proton dissociation through the bio-reduction of the metal ions. The surface morphology and the charge of the nanoparticles were investigated using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and zeta potential analyses. The prepared nano-solutions showed lower antioxidant activity (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and phosphomolybdate assays) than the plant extract. These results together with phytochemical analyses support the participation of the reactive species (phenolic contents) in the bio-reduction of the metal ions in the solutions through the formation of metallic/bimetallic nanoparticles. Ag-mNPs, AgSeO2-bmNPs, and Ag-TiO2-bmNPs showed antibacterial potentiality. AgSeO2-bmNPs were superior with inhibitory zone diameters of 34.7, 37.7, 11.7, and 32.7 mm against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. Applying the Methylthiazole Tetrazolium (MTT) assay, the Ag-TiO2 bmNPs revealed potent cytotoxicity against the HePG2 tumor cell line (IC50 = 18.18 ± 1.5 µg/mL), while Ag-SeO2 bmNPs revealed the most potent cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 17.92 ± 1.4 µg/mL).

Beta vulgaris extract assisted green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: antimicrobial and nano priming studies

In this present study, we report the synthesis of surface-modified zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using chemical method (Z) as well as green method using Beta vulgaris extract (BvZ). The band gap energy of BvZ (3.14 eV) was found to be greater than that of Z (3.0 eV) owing to its smaller particle size. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the reduction in crystallite size for BvZ when compared to Z. TEM and SEM images show the agglomeration of particles for BvZ and spherical morphology for Z. The XPS spectra of the BvZ NPs were studied to confirm the oxidation state of Zn ions. Antimicrobial activities of BvZ and Z were tested against bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus and fungal strains viz., Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus niger. The seed germination property of BvZ for chickpea seeds was also studied.

Evaluation of the Fertility Indices of Female Mice Exposed to Dimethoate and Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris)

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate of the fertility indices of female mice exposed to Dimethoate and Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris).&#x0D; Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis. &#x0D; Location and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal house, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E. This study lasted for 21days.&#x0D; Methodology: Thirty (30) sexually matured female mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (A-F) with 5 mice each. They were exposed for a period of 21 days to Dimethoate and 100% extract of Beta vulgaris. Group A was orally administered distilled water and rodent pellet only and acted as control. Group B was administered 20mg/kg/day of Dimethoate only. Group C was administered 5mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group D was administered 10mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group E was administered 15mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group F was administered 20mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. At the end of the 21 days exposure the final weight of the mice in each group was taken and blood collected by ocular puncture for hormonal profiling. Hormones such as Prolactin, Progesterone, estradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were analyzed based on the manufacturer’s instruction using Randox Monza assay kit. The females were then allowed to mate with fifteen unexposed males in ratio 2:1. At the end of 24 days and following successful parturition essential data were collected from the F1 animals.&#x0D; Results: Results showed significant increase in body weight for groups that were co-administered Beta vulgaris as compared to Group B that was administered Dimethoate only. Litter size gradually decrease significantly from seven in the control to two in group B which received Dimethoate only. Reproductive hormones significantly increased in groups coadministered Beta vulgaris and Dimethoate compared with group B administered Dimethoate only.&#x0D; It is thus deduced that B. vulgaris might increase fertility in experimental animals, while Dimethoate showed significant impact on the reproduction in female experimental animals by reducing the fertility indices, such as reproduction hormones, reduction in fetal implantation leading to low number of offspring (Litter size).

Administration of 15% Red Beet (Beta Vulgaris) Extract Cream Inhibited The Increased Expression of Mmp-1 and The Decreased Amount of Collagen in Wistar Strained Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to Ultra Violet-B Light

Aging is a natural thing that happens to all individuals. Currently, the theory of the causes of aging is starting to develop, with this as the basis for efforts to prevent aging to achieve longevity individuals in good health and quality. This occurs due to exposure to UVB rays exceeding the dose and repeatedly for a long time. This also results in collagen degradation and an even higher increase in MMP-1. Betalain pigment, which gives red beetroot its reddish-purple color, is the most important component. Beet tubers in several studies are the ten fruits that have the greatest concentration of antioxidants. This research is an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. Subjects were 30 Wistar rats, divided into 3 treatment groups where each group consisted of 10 rats. Measurement of MMP-1 using the immunohistochemical method and size of collagen with Pico-Sirius-Red staining. The group of mice with UVB exposure intervention and given beetroot cream had the lowest average MMP1 expression, 25.11%, and had a higher average amount of collagen, 80.08% pixels. There was a significant difference in the mean MMP-1 expression and the amount of collagen in the three observation groups. The correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the increase in MMP-1 expression with a strong relationship (r = -0.712). Meanwhile, the administration of red beet root extract (Beta vulgaris) inhibited the decrease in the amount of collagen with a strong association strength (r = 0.785). Topical administration of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) 15% extract cream can inhibit the increase in MMP 1 expression and decrease in collagen in the skin of Wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet B light as seen from the mean difference and strong correlation strength.

Amelioration of doxorubicin induced toxicity in rat by Beta vulgaris L. extract supplementation: haematology and lipid profile evaluation

Doxorubicin can cause disruption in the lipid profile due to the free radical process. In a free radical reaction, lipid peroxidation is the introduction of a functional group comprising two catenated oxygen atoms into unsaturated fatty acids. The lipid profile is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing ROS (Reactive oxygen species) free radical reactions caused by doxorubicin interaction. The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible protective effects of ethanol extract of Beta vulgaris L. on doxorubicin-induced toxicity by analysing the haematological and lipid profiles. Extracts were determined for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity then continue to in vivo study using rats as animal models. Rats were administered doxorubicin at an accumulative dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight (kg BW) for 15 days. Doxorubicin was administered 5 times a week with an intraperitoneal dose of 1 mg/kg BW, and B. vulgaris L. extract at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg /kg BW, each of which was given for 15 days. On the 16th day, the animals were anaesthetized, and blood samples were collected for the determination of the haematological profile and lipid profile. The result of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of B. vulgaris L. extract was 37.366 μg/mL. All doses of treatment showed protective activity against doxorubicin-induced toxicity, at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW is the minimum dose that provides significant protection compared to the negative control group (p&lt;0.05) in all parameters. It is concluded that B. vulgaris L. ethanol extract has protective effects in rats against doxorubicin-induced toxicity.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract exerts an antibacterial effect by inducing apoptosis-like death in Bacillus cereus

In this study, we assessed the phytochemicals of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract (BE), and examined the antibacterial activity and possible mechanism of BE against Bacillus cereus. The phytochemicals in BE were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis, and identified a total of 745 phytochemicals. Nine polyphenols and 19 flavonoids with growth-inhibiting activity against B. cereus were identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BE against B. cereus was 15 mg/mL. The intracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels were decreased and the B. cereus exhibited the features of apoptosis-like death (ALD) [cell membrane depolarization, caspase-like protein activation, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, and DNA fragmentation] by depleting reactive oxygen species (ROS) after BE treatment. These results suggest BE is rich in bioactive substances and induces ALD in B. cereus. Thus, the phytochemicals diversity makes BE as a source of bioactive ingredients, especially as a promising potential natural preservative to reduce B. cereus contamination.

Depletion of reactive oxygen species induced by beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract leads to apoptosis-like death in Cronobacter sakazakii

This research aimed to disclose the antibacterial activity of beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris) against Cronobacter sakazakii and its possible mechanisms. We evaluated its antibacterial activity by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill kinetics. We also evaluated the intracellular ATP levels, bacterial apoptosis-like death (ALD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to reveal the possible antibacterial mechanisms. Our results showed that the MIC of beetroot extract against C. sakazakii was 25 mg/mL and C. sakazakii (approximately 8 log cfu/mL) was completely inhibited after treatment with 2 MIC of beetroot extract for 3 h. Beetroot extract reduced intracellular ATP levels and facilitated characteristics of ALD in C. sakazakii, such as membrane depolarization, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-like protein activation, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, and different from most bacterial ALD caused by the accumulation of ROS, beetroot extract reduced the intracellular ROS levels in C. sakazakii. Our experimental data provide a rationale for further research of bacterial ALD and demonstrate that beetroot extract can inhibit C. sakazakii in food processing environments.

Phytochemical Assessment, Anti-inflammatory and Antimalarial Activities of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) Root Extract

The study evaluated the phytochemicals, acute toxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities of B. vulgaris extract. The antioxidant potential was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the formalin-induced inflammation technique was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Also, the in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated against Plasmodium berghei parasites and the required doses were given according to the weight of the animal two hours after inoculation of parasites on D1, then once daily for D2-D4. Phytochemical analysis showed that Beta vulgaris extract contained alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. The oral administration of crude ethanol extract of B. vulgaris to Swiss mice was not toxic even up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. The root extract had the highest percentage inhibition of 74.46 ± 0.98 and for ascorbic acid 98.66 ± 0.16 at 1000 µg/mL extract in the antioxidant evaluation. Beta vulgaris had significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/kg at 1hr being the most effective. There was a dose-dependent increase in percentage chemo-suppression of the parasites by the different groups with maximum effect at 800 mg/kg (59.68-35.09%). This study validates the phytomedicinal use of beet root extract for the management of inflammation, malaria and oxidative stress-related infections.

Bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus of New Nanoparticles Derived from Iron Oxide and Beta vulgaris Extracts and Synthesis Characterization

In this study an opportunity was obtained that combines the VITEK system and the detection system of clinical microbiology laboratories to reach the rapid microbial identification and sensitivity test for Staph aureus bacteria, where the results of the susceptibility test were compared to 3925 combinations of antibiotics. The total rate was for the normal antimicrobials as well as the category approval for direct sensitivity test. 92% with less than 3% significant errors and the average time required to identify the identity with a sensitivity test is 7.5 hours (3.0 SD hours), compared to an average of 32.3 hours 9-14 hours for the normal method. The study focuses on the effectiveness of anti-bacterial iron nanoparticles from Beta vulgaris extract in various concentrations (1 mg/ml. 2 mg/ml. 3 mg/ml.4 mg/ml. against Stphylococcus aureus. Where in an inhibition zone was obtained for the highest concentration of iron nanoparticles for Beta vulgaris when compared to other samples.