Amelioration of doxorubicin induced toxicity in rat by Beta vulgaris L. extract supplementation: haematology and lipid profile evaluation

Abstract

Doxorubicin can cause disruption in the lipid profile due to the free radical process. In a free radical reaction, lipid peroxidation is the introduction of a functional group comprising two catenated oxygen atoms into unsaturated fatty acids. The lipid profile is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing ROS (Reactive oxygen species) free radical reactions caused by doxorubicin interaction. The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible protective effects of ethanol extract of Beta vulgaris L. on doxorubicin-induced toxicity by analysing the haematological and lipid profiles. Extracts were determined for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity then continue to in vivo study using rats as animal models. Rats were administered doxorubicin at an accumulative dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight (kg BW) for 15 days. Doxorubicin was administered 5 times a week with an intraperitoneal dose of 1 mg/kg BW, and B. vulgaris L. extract at a dose of 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg /kg BW, each of which was given for 15 days. On the 16th day, the animals were anaesthetized, and blood samples were collected for the determination of the haematological profile and lipid profile. The result of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of B. vulgaris L. extract was 37.366 μg/mL. All doses of treatment showed protective activity against doxorubicin-induced toxicity, at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW is the minimum dose that provides significant protection compared to the negative control group (p<0.05) in all parameters. It is concluded that B. vulgaris L. ethanol extract has protective effects in rats against doxorubicin-induced toxicity.