Amount Of Extract Research Articles

Guide for Optimization of Olive Leaf Extraction and Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis as an Initial Step for Pilot Plant Design.

This account presents the results of two successful optimization processes. First, a polyphenol-rich aqueous olive extract was obtained and then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with high efficiency. Selected parameters for both processes were optimized based on the procedure of the Box-Behnken multifactorial design. The independent variables in the extraction process were the biomass/water ratio, temperature, and time. For AgNPs synthesis, the independent variables were the volume of olive extract, temperature, and process duration. The relationship between the process parameters was visualized graphically by using the response surface methodology. A high fit of the experimental data with the predicted models was shown. The regression coefficients were high, 0.9936 for extraction and 0.9757 for AgNPs biosynthesis. The extraction efficiency under its optimal conditions was as follows: biomass/solvent ratio 0.016, temperature 80 °C for 80 min, and yield 160.67 [μg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/mL]. The highest yield of AgNPs synthesis, equal to 1.955, was obtained when it was carried out for 50 min at 75 °C with the application of 11 mL of extract. Studies on the AgNPs suspension's stability depending on the extract amount were demonstrated. A physicochemical analysis using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy images, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for AgNPs obtained under optimal conditions was shown. Finally, a pilot-scale biosynthesis of AgNPs was designed.

The effect of plant extracts on the microbiological parameters of grain

Currently, ensuring high quality and food safety is an important condition for a rational diet, maintaining health, mental and physical performance and supporting the body's defense systems. The current ecological situation is one of the factors determining the nutritional status of the population. Extracts of leaves and stems of rosehip, sea buckthorn and barberry were used as plant raw materials. The use of these plant raw materials is explained by the fact that their extracts of leaves and stems contain polyphenols with antioxidant, antimicrobial and carcinogenic properties. The effective amount of extracts of plant raw materials has been established. The obtained extracts were injected in an amount of 0.05% by weight of their solids. The optimal duration of hydration is 6 and 12 hours, but depending on the effectiveness of the time ‒ 6 hours. The grain is moistened at 23 ° C (room temperature). The effect of plant extracts on the microbiological sowing of grain during soaking and preparation of grain for production and prevention of microbial destruction of bakery products during storage is investigated. Extracts of rosehip leaves and sea buckthorn stems showed a pronounced antimicrobial effect against fungi of the genus Pénicillium. This eliminates the diseases of bread and improves its rheological properties.

Effects of spray drying and ultrasonic assisted extraction on the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of strawberry fruit

Despite being nutrient-dense fruits with loads of bioactives, strawberries have a limited shelf life due to highly perishable nature. Therefore, to develop powders and extracts from these fruits through implementation of novel technologies is gaining importance. In current work strawberries pulp was dried through spray drying followed by ultrasonic assisted extraction using 70 % ethanol, to compare phytochemicals of fresh strawberries and strawberry powder. Both fresh strawberries and spray dried strawberry powder were found rich source of fiber, ash, protein and important minerals, however, strawberry powder presented significantly high fiber (4.72 %), ash (3.88 %) and protein (6.12 %). Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carotenoid content (TC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total anthocyanins, vitamin C and β-carotene were found in significantly high amounts in ultrasonic assisted extracts of spray dried strawberry powder with values 480.18 mg GAE/100 g, 233.90 mg CE/100 g, 250.18 mg/100 g, 82.48 mg AAE/100 g, 8.04 mg/100 g, 32.16 mg/100 g and 92.03 mg/100 g, respectively. As compared to the ultrasonic assisted ethanolic extracts of fresh strawberries, the extracts of dried powder exhibited significantly high (p≤0.05) antimicrobial activities. Thus, aforementioned techniques could prove useful for optimum retention of bioactives in strawberry powder.

Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Clausena anisata leaf and Euphorbia abyssinica bark extracts and its comparative study of antibacterial activities

Green synthesis of metallic oxide nanoparticles has been used and preferred over physical and chemical methods of synthesis since it is a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method. This study aims to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles that were successfully synthesized using Clausena anisata leaf and Euphorbia abyssinica bark by using copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) as a precursor. The copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using 2.5 mL of Clausena anisata leaf and the same amount of Euphorbia abyssinica bark extracts in 10 mL of a 15 mM CuSO4·5H2O solution using the green method. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by the UV–visible absorption spectrum in an intense surface plasmon resonance between 330 and 370 nm, which revealed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the crystalline nature of CuO NPs. The average crystalline size of CuO NPs synthesized from Clausena anisata and Euphorbia abyssinica is 47.15 and 19.34 nm, respectively. The FT-IR results showed the existence of bioactive functional groups required for the reduction of copper ions, whereas the results of SEM confirm the green synthesized CuO NPs are spherical in shape. For antibacterial activity studies, the agar disk diffusion method was used. Anti-bacterial activities were studied against three different bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae) using CuO NPs (100–12.5 mg/mL). Ciprofloxacin and dimethyl sulphoxide, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (60 µg/mL) inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae with inhibition zones of 18, 20, and 25 mm, respectively. The CuO NPs synthesized from Euphorbia abyssinica bark showed higher anti-bacterial activity. Euphorbia abyssinica bark-mediated CuO NPs exhibited inhibition zones of 7, 11, and 13 mm against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conversely, Clausena anisata leaf-mediated CuO NPs demonstrated inhibition zones of 8, 14, and 15 mm against the same microorganisms.

Influence of glycol ether additive with low molecular weight on the interactions between CO2 and oil: Applications for enhanced shale oil recovery

The high-efficient development of shale oil is one of the urgent problems in the petroleum industry. The technology of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has shown significant effects in developing shale oil. The effects of several glycol ether additives with low molecular weight on the interactions between CO2 and oil were investigated here. The solubility of glycol ether additive in CO2 was firstly characterized. Then, the effects of glycol ether additives on the interfacial tension (IFT) between CO2 and hexadecane and the volume expansion and extraction performance between CO2 and hexadecane under different pressures was investigated. The experimental results show that diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEG), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEG), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TTEG) all have low cloud point pressure and high affinity with CO2. Under the same mass fraction, DGE has the best effect to reduce the IFT between hexadecane and CO2 by more than 30.0%, while an overall reduction of 20.0%–30.0% for TEG and 10.0%–20.0% for TTEG. A new method to measure the extraction and expansion rates has been established and can calculate the swelling factor accurately. After adding 1.0% DEG, the expansion and extraction amounts of CO2 for hexadecane are respectively increased to 1.75 times and 2.25 times. The results show that glycol ether additives assisted CO2 have potential application for EOR. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of CO2 composite systems for oil displacement.

Effect of flavonoid-rich fraction of Pleiocarpa mutica leaves on phospholipase A2 activity

Pleiocarpa mutica (Apocynaceae) is a pharmaceutical plant investigated to identify the usefulness and efficacy of the shrubs in the treatment of various ailments. Also, flavonoids are polypenolic compounds frequently found in nature and are divided into flavones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, catechins, flavonols, chalcones, and flavonones based on the structure of their chemicals. Hence, fresh leaves of Pleiocarpa mutica were collected from Ugbene-Ajima, Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The extraction of a flavonoid-rich fraction of P. mutica leaves was conducted by dissolving a certain amount of crude extract in 20 mL of 10% H2SO4 in a tiny flask and then heating the mixture in a water bath for 30 minutes at 100 °C to initiate hydrolysis. However, quantitative phytochemical analysis of the P. mutica flavonoid-rich fraction was carried out by utilizing standard conventional protocols. Newly drawn human blood samples were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3,000 rpm, with the supernatant (plasma) being disposed of. After being measured and reconstituted as a 40% (v/v) suspension with phosphate-buffered saline, the red blood cells were rinsed three times with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The fraction substantially (p < 0.05) reduced the activity of phospholipase A2 in a concentration-dependent approach when compared to the standard drug (prednisolone), with a range of 0.2 mL to 1.0 mL reducing the amount of the enzyme by 47.58% to 63.61%. These results showed that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Pleiocarpa mutica leaves is potent in curtailing the inflammatory response through inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity.

Spatio-temporal features based deep learning model for depression detection using two electrodes

Deep learning has made significant contributions to the medical field and has shown great potential in various applications. Its ability to process vast amounts of data and extraction of patterns has enabled breakthroughs in medical research, diagnosis and treatment. The application of deep learning plays a vital role in depression detection. Depression is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and a lack of interest. The prevalence of depression is a significant factor contributing to the rise in suicide cases on a global scale. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive technique used to detect depression. It records brain activity using multiple electrodes. The number of EEG electrodes used for measurement directly affects the instrumentation and measurement complexity of the experiment. The present manuscript proposes a deep learning model for depression detection, focusing on two electrodes named FP1 and FP2. The purpose of employing two electrodes is to enhance the system’s portability while reducing data acquisition time and system cost. EEG is spatio-temporal data and possesses inherent spatial and temporal features. The present manuscript proposes a methodology for extracting temporal and spatial features. The temporal feature extraction module extracts temporal features in the time domain and the spatial module extracts spatial features in the spatial domain. This manuscript presents a study on the applicability of two electrodes for depression detection. This research can enhance accessibility, user-friendliness and easier data collection and analysis. The proposed deep learning model is evaluated on two benchmark datasets. It achieves 93.41% classification accuracy, 92.54% precision, 93.23% recall, 93.06% F1 score and 97.80% area under the curve (AUC) for Hospital University Sains Malaysia dataset and for Multi-modal Open Dataset for Mental-disorder Analysis dataset it achieves 79.40% accuracy, 81.18% precision, 67.73% recall, 73.80% F1 score and 85.66% AUC.

Biofilm of Cutibacterium acnes: a target of different active substances.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis. Cutibacterium acnes plays a crucial role in the acne pathophysiology. Recent works present evidence of C.acnes growing as a biofilm in cutaneous follicles. This development is currently considered one of the leading causes of C. acnes in vivo persistence and resistance to antimicrobials used to treat acne. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of various active compounds (clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and myrtle extract) on eight distinct, well-characterized strains of C. acnes following their growth in biofilm mode. Cutibacterium acnes isolates from phylotypes IA1 and IA2 produce more biofilm than other phylotypes. No antibiotic effect was observed either during the curative test or preventive test. Myrtle extract at 0.01% (w/v) showed significant efficacy on the biofilm for C. acnes strains (curative assays). Furthermore, it appear that myrtle extract and doxycycline together reduce the overall biomass of the biofilm. A significant dose-dependent effect was observed during the preventive test, greater than the one observed under curative conditions, with an important loss of activity of the myrtle extract observed from 0.001% (w/v) concentration onwards. Transmission electron microscopy showed that bacteria treated withmyrtle extract grew biofilms much less frequently than untreated bacteria. Additionally, when the quantity of myrtle extract grew, the overall number of bacteria dropped, indicating an additional antibacterial action. These findings support the hypothesis that the different C. acnes phylotypes have various aptitudes in forming biofilms. They also suggest that myrtle extract is a promising alternative as an anti-biofilm and antibacterial agent in fighting diseases caused by planktonic and biofilm C. acnes.

The effectiveness of adding antioxidant compounds from pedada leaves extract (Sonneratia Caseolaris) in antiseptic soap production

Pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris) are plants from tropical areas with relatively high antioxidant content. This research aims to make antiseptic soap with the addition of pedada leaves and see the quality of the antiseptic soap by SNI 03-3532-1994. This research includes the pre-treatment process, namely taking pedada leaf extract by maceration using ethanol and acetone solvents using a variety of evaporation tools in the form of a water bath and soxhlet, then making soap with coconut oil with variations used in the form of evaporation methods and the amount of extract used. This research analyzed water content, free alkali, and free fatty acids. The observations showed that using a water bath would produce a more significant amount of extract. The results of the soap-free alkali analysis produced ranged from 0.061% to 0.088%, which shows that the free alkali content is still below the limit determined by SNI. The lowest water content analysis results obtained were 11.30%.

Simulation Study of Coal Seam Gas Extraction Characteristics Based on Coal Permeability Evolution Model under Thermal Effect.

The permeability evolution law of high temperature and high stress coal seam is determined by the influence of multiphase coexistence and multifield coupling. In an environment greatly affected by disturbance and high temperature, the coal permeability model under the coupling of thermal and mechanical creep is not only a vital framework from which to examine gas migration law in multiphase and multifield coal seams but also an important theoretical foundation for gas control in coal seams. The influence of high-temperature environment on creep deformation and permeability is analyzed by several creep seepage tests under different temperature conditions.A mathematical model for the evolution of coal permeability considering the influence of temperature is established through the theory of matrix-crack interaction based on gas adsorption and desorption and thermal expansion deformation. Based on the permeability model under the coupling of thermal and mechanical creep, the numerical model of gas migration, seepage field, diffusion field, stress field, and temperature field is constructed, and the law of gas migration in coal seam under multifield coupling is explored. The influence law of thermal effect on gas extraction characteristics is analyzed, in which the time-varying mechanism of temperature field, the relationship between creep deformation and temperature and pressure, the influence of creep deformation on permeability, the dynamic distribution of gas pressure, and the change of gas extraction quantity are described in detail. It is concluded that the influence of temperature on permeability is much greater than that of creep deformation and that a high initial coal seam temperature is beneficial to gas extraction. It provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the study of multifield coupled gas migration and coal seam gas treatment.

The feasibility and applicability of sequential extraction of high value-added biogenic materials from sewage sludge.

The sequential extraction routes of biogenic materials from sewage sludge (SS) were investigated. Physical methods (ultrasound, heating) and chemical methods (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) were used to extract extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and alginate-like extracellular polymers (ALEs) from SS. The residues after extraction were further subjected to physical methods (heating) and chemical methods (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide) for protein extraction. A comparison was made between sequential extraction routes and direct extraction of biomaterials from sludge in terms of extraction quantity, material properties, and applicability. The results showed that sequential extraction of biomaterials is feasible. The highest extraction quantities were obtained when using sodium carbonate for EPS and ALE extraction and sodium hydroxide for protein, reaching 449.80 mg/gVSS, 109.78 mg/gVSS, and 5447.08 mg/L, respectively. Sequential extraction procedures facilitate the extraction of biomaterials. Finally, suitable extraction methods for different application scenarios were analyzed.

Chemical compositions and sensory characteristics of sports drinks formulated from Salacca sumatrana (Becc.) fruit

Prolonged exercise causes excessive fluid loss through sweat which could cause fatigue and reduced performance. Athletes need to restore this fluid loss orally, either from water or carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks. Carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks could be formulated from fruits, such as salak, also known as snake fruit, for instance. This study aimed to develop a sports drink formulated from Sidimpuan salak (Salacca sumatrana (Becc.)) fruit. The formulation of Sidimpuan salak Sports Drink (SSSD) included salak fruit, water, salt and glucose syrup. Salak was blended with a slow juicer to obtain the extract, and mixed with water, salt, and glucose syrup. The SSSD formulation consisted of three formulas, SSSD1, SSSD2, and SSSD3 which differ in the amount of extract added, 250, 200, and 150 mL, respectively. Sensory analysis showed that the panellists enjoyed the sports drink formulation by giving an average rating of 3.4 for colour, 3.4 for aroma, 5.4 for taste and 5.4 for texture. The SSSD1 formulation which was most preferred by the panelists was found to have ash content of 0.33 g/100 mL, total fat of 0.31 g/100 mL, protein of 0.52 g/100 mL, carbohydrate of 13.88 g/100 mL, and total energy of 60.42 g/100 mL. The carbohydrate content and total calories of SDSS1 were significantly different from the other two formulations. From the results obtained, the SSSDs have potential to be developed as a more affordable sports drink, especially among locals.

Cadmium Phytoremediation Effect of Sweet Sorghum Assisted with Citric Acid on Typical Parent Soil in Southern China

Sweet sorghum has a large biomass and strong cadmium (Cd) absorption capacity, which has the potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. In order to study the Cd phytoremediation effect of sweet sorghum assisted with citric acid on the typical parent materials in southern China, a field experiment was carried out in two typical parent material farmland areas (neutral purple mud field and jute sand mud field) with Cd pollution in Hunan Province. The results showed that:① Citric acid had no inhibitory effect on the growth of sweet sorghum. After the application of citric acid, the aboveground biomass of sweet sorghum at the maturity stage increased by 10.1%-24.7%. ② Both sweet sorghum planting and citric acid application reduced the soil pH value, and the application of citric acid further reduced the soil pH value at each growth stage of sweet sorghum; this decrease was greater in the neutral purple mud field, which decreased by 0.24-0.72 units. ③ Both sweet sorghum planting and citric acid application reduced the total amount of soil Cd, and the decreases in the neutral purple mud field and jute sand mud field were 23.8%-52.2% and 17.1%-31.8%, respectively. The acid-extractable percentage of soil Cd in both places increased by 38.6%-147.7% and 4.8%-22.7%, respectively. ④ The application of citric acid could significantly increase the Cd content in various tissues of sweet sorghum. The Cd content in the aboveground part of the plant in the neutral purple mud field was higher than that in the jute sand mud field, and the Cd content in stems and leaves was 0.25-1.90 mg·kg-1 and 0.21-0.64 mg·kg-1, respectively. ⑤ After applying citric acid, the Cd extraction amount of sweet sorghum in neutral purple mud soil in the mature stage reached 47.56 g·hm-2. In summary, citric acid could enhance the efficiency of sweet sorghum in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil, and the effect was better in neutral purple mud fields. This technology has the potential for remediation coupled with agro-production for heavy metal-contaminated farmland.

Variability of the chemical composition of the wood and bark of two tropical hardwoods from Ghana

The study aims to investigate the chemical properties of the wood and bark of two tropical tree species Nesogordonia papaverifera and Holarrhena floribunda from Ghana to increase the efficiency of their utilization. For this purpose, for each of the species five mature trees with similar diameters at breast height were selected. Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and total extractive content were determined from the sapwood and heartwood and bark of stems and branches of both species. The tests were conducted using the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards. The lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and total extractive content vary along different locations in the stems and branches in both species. The sapwood generally had higher cellulose and hemicellulose content, while the heartwood and bark had a greater amount of lignin and extractives. This may affect the lower durability of sapwood. This study shows that heartwood of both Nesogordonia papaverifera and Holarrhena floribunda can be considered a source of value-added compounds.

Effect of Banana Peels Extract Ratio on The Sustainable Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

In this work, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles was produced using sustainable green technology. With several loading amounts, such as 5%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, the banana peel extract was utilized as a capping agent. This was followed by calcinations at 400 ºC for 3 h in a muffle furnace. To evaluate the physical and chemical change of the synthesized nanoparticles, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS and SEM/EDAX was used. The characterization results reveald that the all the green synthesized ZnO NPs samples strongly supports the well-crystallinity with high phase purity. The average crystallite size of the prepared samples was calculated using Debye-Scherer's formula and the results shows that with an increase in extract amount, the average crystallite size was shrinking. The FTIR result verified the successful chemical reaction between zinc salt and banana peel extract. The UV-VIS results showed the effect of size quantisization phenomena at 100% extract adding. Finally, the SEM images for all the prepared samples confirm the spherical shape.

The bacteriostatic effect of a new controlled-release carotenoids-silver nanoparticle

Discuss the bacteriostatic effect of a novel controlled release silver nanoparticles carotenoids-silver nanoparticle. Detect the optimal extraction conditions for carotenoids through material liquid ratio, different ultrasonic temperatures and times; Detect the optimal synthesis conditions of carotenoids-silver nanoparticle through different volume ratios, UV irradiation times, and temperatures; Detect the bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Oxford cup agar plate diffusion method. The experiment proved that the best extraction effect of carotenoids was achieved when the volume ratio of orange peel powder to ethanol was 1:25, the ultrasound time was 40 min, and the temperature was 50 °C; When the amount of carotenoid extract added is 12 mL, the concentration of silver nitrate is 8 mmol/l, the UV irradiation time is 40 min, and the ultrasound temperature is 60 °C, the synthesized carotenoids-silver nanoparticle has the highest absorbance value; carotenoids-silver nanoparticle have strong inhibitory effects on the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus. As the concentration increases, the bacteriostatic effect also becomes stronger, especially the strongest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus albus. It was shown that carotenoids-silver nanoparticle has significant bacteriostatic effects, providing new ideas for the development of bacteriostatic agents in plant resources.

An Eco-Friendly Synthesis Approach for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Coelastrella terrestris Algal Extract.

In the current scenario, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally benign methods has gained significant attention due to their facile processes, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized usingaqueous extract of Coelastrella terrestrisalgae as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD investigation revealed that the biosynthesized CuO NPs were nanocrystalline with high-phase purity and size in the range of 4.26 nm to 28.51 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of secondary metabolites on the surface of the synthesized CuO NPs, with characteristic Cu-O vibrations being identified around 600 cm-1, 496 cm-1, and 440 cm-1. The FE-SEM images predicted that the enhancement of the algal extract amount converted the flattened rice-like structures of CuO NPs into flower petal-like structures. Furthermore, the degradation ability of biosynthesized CuO NPs was investigated against Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye. The results displayed that the optimal degradation efficacy of AB10B dye was 94.19%, obtained at 6 pH, 50 ppm concentration of dye, and 0.05 g dosage of CuO NPs in 90 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0296 min-1. The CuO-1 NPs synthesized through algae exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 22 mm and against P. aeruginosa with a ZOI of 17 mm. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that utilizing Coelastrella terrestris algae for the synthesis of CuO NPs presents a promising solution for addressing environmental contamination.

Karakteristik Kimia Kopi Arabika Bubuk dari Varietas Linie-S dan Sigararutan

One of eastern Indonesia's top places for producing high-quality coffee, particularly Arabica coffee, is Gowa Regency. Ground coffee's chemical composition is significantly influenced by the post-harvest and coffee harvesting procedures used to produce it. The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-3542-2004 compares a range of values about ground coffee that can be used to evaluate the coffee's quality. This study's goals are to determine which arabica coffee varieties have chemical attributes that are in line with (SNI) 01-3542-2004 and to look into the chemical makeup of ground arabica coffee from the Gowa Regency's linie-S and sigararutan kinds. The Sigararutan and linie-S types of arabica coffee beans, both from the Tinggimoncong District, were utilized in the study. In the research investigation, a non-factorial fully randomized design (CRD) was used in three replications. Chemical analysis examines the composition of coffee extract, moisture, ash, and caffeine. The results showed that powdered arabica coffee of the Linie-S variety differed considerably from powdered arabica coffee of the Sigararutan type in terms of water content, ash content, and caffeine content. The amounts of coffee extract in the two samples, however, were not substantially different from one another. The water, ash, caffeine, and coffee essence contents of the Linie-S and Sigararutan varieties of powdered arabica coffee satisfy the requirements outlined in (SNI) 01-3542-2004 for ground coffee.

Effect of gum extracts on the bread-making and textural properties of dough and bread made from sour cassava starch (Manihot esculenta), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and cowpea flour (Vigna unguiculata)

Gluten intolerance, as well as the scarcity of wheat flour in some parts of the world, has prompted the development of gluten-free bread. Gluten-free bread, on the other hand, results in a low specific volume and to remedy this, the use of hydrocolloids and bases has proved to be very successful. The current study aims to determine the optimal proportions of Triumffeta pentendra gum extract and bicarbonate in the breadmaking of a composite flour based on sour cassava starch, peanut flour, and cowpea flour. A Box Benkhen design was used to achieved this, with the variables being the amount of gum extract, the amount of bicarbonate, and the amount of water. The specific volume and texture properties were evaluated as responses. The specific volume was calculated using standard methods, and the textural properties were determined using a texture analyzer. It appears that the incorporation of gums extract, bicarbonate, and water significantly increased the specific volume. The incorporation rate of gum extract significantly increases the hardness, consistency, and masticability which decreases with the incorporation rate of bicarbonate and water. Cohesion and elasticity, on the other hand, increased with the incorporation rate of bicarbonate and water but decreased with the incorporation of gum extract. The optimal gum extract, bicarbonate, and water proportions are 0.28 g, 1.99 g, and 112.5 ml, respectively. As a result, the specific volume is 1.51cm3/g, the hardness is 38.51(N), the cohesion is 0.88, the consistency is 32.86(N), the elasticity is 5.57(1/L), and the masticability is 162.35(mj). According to this findings, gum extracts and sodium bicarbonate can be used to improve the quality of gluten-free bread made with sour cassava starch, peanut and cowpea flour.

Size-dependent antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from a green synthesis method: Effects of extract quantity and origin

BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their antibacterial characteristics. The green synthesis method, in which plant extracts are used for AgNP preparation, has attracted attention recently since it provides an eco-friendly approach. However, there are many operating conditions for this green synthesis method, and a correlation between the antibacterial efficiency and AgNP characteristics is needed to maximize the bactericidal efficacy. MethodsAgNPs were synthesized via green synthesis methods from green tea leaf (GT) and Cassia seed (CS) extracts at 9:1, 1:1, and 1:9 precursor-to-extract v/v ratios. The resulting AgNPs were tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus and the antioxidant level. Significant findingsThis study revealed a robust quantitative correlation between antibacterial activity and AgNP size, with an R2 value of 0.92. Green-synthesized AgNPs with an average particle size of 25 nm (GT) and 12 nm (CS) had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg mL−1 and 5 µg mL−1, respectively. The enhanced antibacterial activity of AgCS is attributed to its smaller particle size. Additionally, we propose the use of a silver precursor to extract-dry-weight ratio (in mole g−1) to represent an operating parameter for the green synthesis method. The resulting AgNP sizes showed a weak negative relationship with this ratio.