Extra Energy Research Articles

The Islamic Education Development Concepts In The Era Of Society 5.0

This article contains the concept of development in Islamic education in the era of society 5.0. Talking about education is certainly one of the ideals of all human beings to increase their dignity as a moral human being. Through education we get a variety of knowledge consisting of social, economic, religious and so on. Education that is no less important is Islamic education, because in Islamic education we are taught how to be good human beings. In this era of society, we are supported by very adequate facilities and infrastructure, of course with the presence of gadgets that we can use to learn and teach without having to spend extra energy. With just a cellphone and internet quota, students can access all forms of education through electronic media. The presence of changing times certainly makes its own development for Islamic education.

Efficient and Scalable Radiative Cooling for Photovoltaics Using Solution‐Processable and Solar‐Transparent Mesoporous Nanoparticles

AbstractContinuous heat generation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), caused by solar radiation, poses a significant challenge to their lifespan. Existing active cooling methods require extra energy input and might not be effective at high temperatures. Most reported passive radiative cooling materials either lack solar transparency or require complex fabrication processes. Here, mesoporous silica nanoparticles are designed, synthesized, and assembled into multilayered stacks with a graded refractive index (GRI) by spray coating them on top of PSCs made from methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) over a large scale (15.6 × 15.6 cm2). This coating offers both high transparency in the visible wavelength and high emissivity in the mid‐infrared region, leading to an average temperature reduction of 6.65 ± 1.48 °C in GRI‐coated MAPbI3 PSCs under outdoor conditions compared to non‐coated references. After 50 d, the GRI‐coated PSCs maintain 80.9 ± 8.7% of their initial photoconversion efficiency, in contrast to 6.1 ± 5.9% for the noncoated ones. The calculated cooling power of the GRI‐coated PSCs is 28.9% higher than that of the reference cells.

Synthesis and design strategies of codoped titanium dioxide with band alignment and multiple reflections of incident light for efficient visible light activity

To increase the visible-light photocatalytic performance of Titania, it was codoped with specific elements and was effectively synthesized. The goal of enhancing visible-light photocatalytic performance was achieved by broadening its absorption spectrum in the visible light range and enhancing the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction toward the degradation of the hazardous dye methyl orange. Mixed phase photocatalyst with different percentage hierarchical secondary nanostructure has been synthesized by the combination of chemical bath deposition methods and hydrothermal. The density of the sprout-like branches changes from the concentration levels of titanium butoxide in the precursor solution. Based on the experimental analysis, a mechanism was proposed to interpret the evolution of the secondary growth. The band edge difference between anatase and TiO2(B) phases induces transfer of charge at the interface. The result revealed that in the TiO2 crystal some O-sites were substituted by N and S anions resulting in band mixing and incorporation of extra energy states in between the valence band maxima and conduction band minimum, which caused a shift towards longer wavelengths in the absorption edge. Compared with pure TiO2 nanobelt, the surface modified doped samples exhibited good visible light activity. The combined effect of fast charge transfer in the atomic level contact between two phases and localized N 2p and S 3p band above valence-band edge in the same material makes titanium dioxide suitable for use in the presence of visible light.

Ups and downs: copepods reverse the near-body flow to cruise in the water column

Copepods are negatively buoyant organisms actively participating in large-scale vertical migrations as primary consumers in marine ecosystems. As such, these organisms need to overcome their own weight to swim upwards, incurring extra energy costs that are not offset by any mechanism intrinsic to drag-based propulsion. While copepod vertical migrations are well documented, it is still unclear how they achieve extensive upward cruising despite this limitation. In this study, we found suction to be a compensatory mechanism enhancing thrust in upward-swimming copepods. Using experimentally derived velocity and pressure fields, we observed that copepods pull water in front of them to generate sub-ambient pressure gradients when cruising upward, thereby inducing an upstream suction force to complement the thrust produced by the legs. Contrary to expectations that drag always dominates the leg recovery phase, we found that the upstream suction generates net thrust for about a third of the recovery stroke. In contrast, downward-swimming copepods push rather than pull on water and do not benefit from thrust-enhancing suction effects during the recovery stroke. Differences in the induced flows are associated with contrasting leg kinematics, indicating a response to the body orientation rather than a fixed effect. These results offer insights into an important swimming mechanism that can inform the role mesozooplankton play in biogenic hydrodynamic transport and its impact on marine biogeochemistry.

Macro-Nanoporous Film with Cauliflower-Shaped Fibers for Highly Efficient Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a simple and effective cooling approach that does not consume any extra energy just by highly reflecting shortwave sunlight and highly radiating infrared heat through the atmospheric windows. In recent years, the application of photonic coolers and metamaterials for PDRC has been studied. However, they usually have complex processes and high precision requirements, which seriously limit large-scale fabrication. In this paper, a high-performance polyvinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) PDRC fiber film was prepared by a simple and efficient electrospinning method combined with phase separation, and the obtained PVDF-HFP fibers have a cauliflower-shaped macro-nanoporous structure. The cauliflower-shaped structure provides more scattering sites of the fibers, and the fiber film with the macro-nanoporous morphology has a high scattering ability in the solar region, resulting in a high solar reflectivity of 99.65%. The PVDF-HFP porous film possesses an emissivity of 90.44% in the atmospheric window, and it can reach a maximum cooling temperature of 10.2 °C during the daytime. In addition, the excellent mechanical strength provides a guarantee for its large-scale practical application. This study offers an effective improvement strategy for the spectral performance of polymer fiber films, which is meaningful for green cooling management and reduction of carbon emission.

Research Progress of Battery Thermal Management Systems with Minichannels

With the developing technology, energy storage systems, especially lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), play a critical role in electric vehicles and renewable energy applications. However, the performance and life of batteries are significantly affected by their operating temperatures. In this context, battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are of vital importance to ensure temperature control of batteries and to create a safe operating environment. BTMSs are divided into main two groups active and passive which require and does not require extra energy consumption, respectively. In this review, the basic principles, design criteria and application areas of battery thermal management systems are examined. First of all, the components of BTMS, passive and active cooling methods, heat dissipation and temperature monitoring techniques are detailed. In addition, the effects of different BTMS approaches on efficiency and performance are compared. The analysis of existing studies in the literature reveals the positive contributions of BTMS on battery life, charge-discharge efficiency and safety. In addition, future research areas and development opportunities are also highlighted. In conclusion, an effective thermal management system is a critical factor in the development of battery technology and has great potential in terms of sustainability of energy systems.

Enhancing climate resilience of vulnerable women in the Global South through power sharing in DC microgrids

Many women of remote communities in the Global South (GS) are highly vulnerable to natural disasters caused by climate change, due to their low adaptive capability. Inclusion of gender considerations has been emphasized in national adaptation plans and initiatives aimed at reducing vulnerability. However, the potential of low-cost electricity-based solutions in promoting climate change adaptation is largely unexplored. In countries of the GS, remote communities have adopted stand-alone solar home systems, which are often inefficient and require significant investments for upgrading. In this work, a model of an off-grid DC microgrid with distributed generation and storage is proposed, allowing individual households to obtain extra energy through neighborhood-level prosumer power sharing. The benefits of power sharing are evaluated through the development of a mixed-integer linear program using load requirements based on the World Bank's Multi-Tier Framework for household energy access. The results show that households with prosumer power sharing can access more than 60 % extra energy compared to their stand-alone status with up to 34 % reduction in Levelized Cost of Energy. Access to additional energy can allow vulnerable households to access energy services in the household to potentially improve climate change adaptation opportunities in agriculture, livelihood and educational sectors, among others.

Adaptive Variable Emissivity Reflector for Seasonal and Daily Thermal Regulation in Regions with Significant Temperature Variations

AbstractTemperature‐adaptive variable emissivity reflectors offer an electricity‐free and environmentally friendly cooling strategy, holding substantial potential to improve the global energy landscape. However, challenges associated with unoptimized solar absorptance can lead to overcooling or overheating when the modulation of infrared emittance is held constant, thereby increasing extra energy consumption. Herein, a temperature‐adaptive variable emissivity reflector based on W‐Mg co‐doped VO2 (W‐Mg‐VER) is proposed, engineered to optimize solar absorptance (αL = 0.40) while maintaining effective infrared emittance modulation (Δɛ = 0.69) near ambient temperature. To maximize year‐round energy savings in regions experiencing significant daily temperature fluctuations, W‐Mg co‐doped VO2 is employed to reduce solar absorptance by modifying electron occupancy in the V 3d orbital and expanding the optical bandgap. Outdoor experiments have validated the remarkable temperature management and energy‐saving capabilities of the W‐Mg‐VER, facilitated by its seamless transition between radiative cooling and heat‐retaining modes. Numerical simulation indicates that a W‐Mg‐VER roof covering 100 m2 would save 152.9 GJ of energy annually in locations with significant daily temperature variations. Moreover, W‐Mg‐VER demonstrates robust performance, exhibiting less than 1% degradation in emittance tunability and solar absorptance after 10 000 cycles. This approach provides valuable insights and practical guidance for significantly enhancing global energy savings.

Sunlight-driven charge separation for a heterojunction of nano-pyramidal CuWO4-MOF modified TiO2 nanoflakes for photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin

The study presents a breakthrough of a balanced charge separation for heterojunction CuWO4-TiO2 cocatalyst to efficiently enhance visible light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). A solvothermal-synthesized nanopyramid-like CuWO4 semiconductor was assembled before sol–gel treatment with TiO2 precursors to generate CuWO4-TiO2 nanocomposites. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of CuWO4-TiO2 were elucidated using UV–Vis DRS, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM/SEM techniques. The UV–Vis DRS spectroscopy of as-synthesized CuWO4-TiO2 cocatalyst demonstrated enhanced visible light absorbance. The XRD patterns of CuWO4-TiO2 revealed a triclinic phase nanocrystal. The O-Ti–O functionality was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The photoactive bands corresponding to anatase redshift were observed from Raman spectroscopy of CuWO4-TiO2 nanocomposite. The PL studies attributed this redshift to the elevated extra energy bands that aid electron/hole pair charge separation in a co-catalyst heterojunction CuWO4-TiO2 nanocomposite afforded by embedding CuWO4-MOF within TiO2 crystalline. The TEM showed that un-sintered CuWO4.MOF mimicked a pyramidal shape and converted to nanoflakes upon sintering, while TiO2 and CuWO4-TiO2 retained a tetragonal shape. The photocatalytic activity of CuWO4-TiO2 cocatalyst was studied using CIP, as a model pollutant. The innovative design of 5CuWO4-TiO2 charge separation nanocomposite completely degraded 10 mg L−1 CIP solution at pH = 6.31 (natural pH) and 9 under 120 min of sunlight irradiation.

Assessing supplementing strategies for beef cattle in a bale grazing system using grass hay during variable winter conditions

IntroductionBeef cattle in the Northern Great Plains of the United States of America are normally kept in open dry lot pens in winter. Practices such as bale grazing, swath grazing, stockpiling, and corn residue grazing, can be used to extend the grazing season and minimize dry lot use. Extending the grazing season has several advantages over dry lot use but arguably the most important benefit is cost savings due to lower labor and input costs. Strategies selected to supplement cattle in extended grazing systems should maintain cost savings while providing required nutrients to cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate supplementing strategies for beef cattle in a bale grazing system using grass hay during variable winter conditions. The study was conducted across variable winter conditions that are encountered in winters in the US Northern Great Plains.MethodsThe study extended over four years. Each year, non-lactating pregnant beef cows (n = 64, year 1; n = 80, year 2, 3, 4) were divided into eight groups of similar average body weight and randomly assigned to one of four bale grazing treatments as follows: a) bale grazing grass hay, b) bale grazing grass hay treated with a liquid supplement, c) bale grazing grass hay and alfalfa hay, and d) bale grazing grass hay and plus 1.8 kg corn DDGS/head/day. Animal performance was assessed from two-day body weights and body condition scores taken at the start and end of the study. Data analysis considered the fixed effects of treatment, year, and treatment x year interaction.ResultsFinal BW tended (P = 0.09) to be greatest following corn DDGS supplementation and lowest when grass hay was offered. The treatment strategy x year interaction (P = 0.026) for ADG showed that corn DDGS supplementation resulted in positive ADG across the years regardless of environmental conditions. Liquid or alfalfa hay supplementation resulted in positive ADG when environmental conditions were favorable. Final BCS (P = 0.005) and BCS change (P = 0.004) were greater following corn DDGS supplementation, intermediate following alfalfa hay or liquid supplementation and lowest when grass hay was fed. Supplementation costs ranged from $1.33 to $1.90/head/day, the highest cost occurred with corn DDGS supplementation mainly due to cost of corn DDGS and labor required to deliver corn DDGS to cattle on pasture.DiscussionAlfalfa hay or molasses-based liquids increased diet CP content but did not supply adequate energy in severely cold winters. Despite relatively higher supplement costs, high energy supplements such as corn DDGS may be required in severely cold winters where cattle require extra energy. Supplement selection should consider supplement effectiveness to meet animal nutrient requirements particularly in adverse winter conditions such as those encountered in the US Northern Great Plains.

TRPV1 Activation Antagonizes High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity at Thermoneutrality and Enhances UCP-1 Transcription via PRDM-16.

Body weight is a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Energy expenditure is mainly governed by physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis. Adaptive dietary thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue occurs through mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP-1). Laboratory mice, when housed at an ambient temperature of 22-24 °C, maintain their body temperature by dietary thermogenesis, eating more food compared to thermoneutrality. Humans remain in the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) without expending extra energy to maintain normal body temperature. TRPV1 activation by capsaicin (CAP) inhibited weight gain in mice housed at ambient temperature by activating UCP-1-dependent adaptive thermogenesis. Hence, we evaluated the effect of CAP feeding on WT and UCP-1-/- mice maintained under thermoneutral conditions. Our research presents novel findings that TRPV1 activation by CAP at thermoneutrality counters obesity in WT mice and promotes PRDM-16-dependent UCP-1 transcription. CAP fails to inhibit weight gain in UCP-1-/- mice housed at thermoneutrality and in adipose tissue-specific PRDM-16-/- mice. In vitro, capsaicin treatment increases UCP-1 transcription in PRDM-16 overexpressing cells. Our data indicate for the first time that TRPV1 activation counters obesity at thermoneutrality permissive for UCP-1 and the enhancement of PRDM-16 is not beneficial in the absence of UCP-1.

Lightweight Electrolyte Design for Li/Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) Batteries.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) recently emergesas a promising cathode for high-energy lithium (Li) metal batteries owing to its high capacity, extended cycle life, and liberty from costly transition metals. As the high capacities of both Li metal and SPAN lead to relatively small electrode weights, the weight and specific energy density of Li/SPAN batteries are particularly sensitive to electrolyte weight, highlighting the importance of minimizing electrolyte density. Besides, the large volume changes of Li metal anode and SPAN cathode require inorganic-rich interphases that can guarantee intactness and protectivity throughout long cycles. This work addresses these crucial aspects with an electrolyte design where lightweight dibutyl ether (DBE) is used as adiluent for concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)-triethyl phosphate (TEP) solution. The designed electrolyte (d = 1.04g mL-1) is 40%-50% lighter than conventional localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs), leading to 12%-20% extra energy density at the cell level. Besides, the use of DBE introduces substantial solvent-diluent affinity, resulting in a unique solvation structure with strengthened capability to form favorable anion-derived inorganic-rich interphases, minimize electrolyte consumption, and improve cell cyclability. The electrolyte also exhibits low volatility and offers good protection to both Li metal anode and SPAN cathode under thermal abuse.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron/biochar composites containing persistent free radicals (PFRs) for degradation of p-nitrophenol.

Despite the vital roles of Fe0/biochar composites in the Fenton-like systems for eliminating pollutants that have been recognized, the contributions of persistent free radicals (PFRs) of carbon-based materials are typically overlooked. In this study, the high-PFR-containing biochar nanoiron composites were prepared (nZVI/500), and the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) were investigated. The results showed that nZVI/500 could effectively remove PNP in solution within the pH range of 3-8. Quantitative experiments of ·OH presented that, compared with low PFRs-containing composites, nZVI/500 could generate 64.6µM ·OH in 60min without any extra energy consumption. Mechanistic studies revealed that (1) both PFRs and Fe0 are able to utilize dissolved oxygen to generate H2O2 in situ; (2) PFRs can promote the cycling of Fe3+/Fe2+ in the system due to their strong electron exchange ability; and (3) PFRs directly transfer electrons to H2O2; therefore, the presence of PFRs accelerates the generation of ·OH in the system and facilitates the removal of PNP. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical reference for expanding the application of PFR-rich carbon-based materials to remove environmental pollutants.

Impact of Investment and Labor Participation on Energy Consumption: A Panel Analysis on Selected OIC Countries

A country's economy cannot be separated from economic activity and energy consumption. A country's economic activity increases in proportion to its income. Furthermore, countries will respond to increased economic activity by changing their energy use. This research aims to assess how much extra energy is being utilized by economic activity to maintain the current environment. The results of the analysis show that the gross fixed capital creation variable has a major impact on the energy consumption of OIC countries. The labor force participation of individuals aged 15 to 24 also has a significant effect on energy use. Energy consumption can therefore be increased by raising investment and labor force participation. An annual data series (2010–2015) is used in this investigation. Panel data is the term for the sort of data that is utilized. Further research subjects can do dynamic panel data (countries) analysis by including factors not included in the research mode.

Impact of power input in pulp conditioning on coal flotation and real-time characterization by focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM)

ABSTRACT Pulp conditioning is a necessary procedure in the coal flotation industry, and optimizing the power input of such processes is in favor of improving flotation efficiency and reducing costs. This paper applied a pulp conditioning system combined with the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) to investigate the impact of power input on coal flotation. Under the same energy input, the highest flotation efficiency of 50.09% was achieved in a pulp conditioning pattern of 1800 rpm-3 min, but the flotation efficiency reached only 36.13% in 1200 rpm-7.2 min. The kerosene collector can disperse into large numbers of droplets that exceed 2000 counts/s at size fractions of −10 μm and 20–50 μm in high power input and achieve better adsorption on coal. In the pulp conditioning process, the coal particle numbers of −50 μm size fraction decreased significantly from 15,000 counts/s to nearly 8000 counts/s at 32.3 W power input and coarse aggregates of 50–1000 μm size were detected. Under high power input conditions caused by high agitation speed, extra energy contributed validly to the kinetic energy of coal particles/collector droplets and the generation of oil-water and oil–coal interfaces. The shear flocculation behavior induced by the high power inputs in pulp conditioning is favorable for the flotation recovery of fine and ultra-fine particles.

Upgrading low-concentration oxygen-bearing coal bed methane by dual-reflux vacuum swing adsorption

Fugitive methane (CH4) is a typical by-product of mining processes, which is commonly known as coal bed methane (CBM) or coal mine gas (CMG). The capture of these CH4 gases can simultaneously avoid greenhouse gas emissions and provide extra energy benefits. However, the explosion risk of low-concentration CBM (CH4 molar fraction ≤ 30%) requires strictly safe operating protocols to conduct the capture process. Dual reflux vacuum swing adsorption (DR-VSA) is a promising candidate with a vacuum operating condition which can lower the explosion risk and simultaneously reach CH4 enrichment and O2 removal targets in product and effluent streams. Herein, a low-concentration oxygen-bearing CBM (20% CH4, 16% O2 and 64% N2) can be upgraded to 69.7 mol% in the product gas while ensuring an effluent concentration of 2.5 mol% by the DR-VSA cycle using ionic liquidic zeolites (ILZ) as the adsorbents. A rigorous safety analysis has been conducted to investigate the explosion risk in the adsorption column and product tank, suggesting that the DR-VSA process is a safe technology for upgrading low-concentration oxygen-bearing methane.

Performance evaluation and optimization of a novel heat pump clothes dryer with ESD-compressor

This study proposes a novel heat pump drying cycle, which uses an enhanced single-stage suction and dual-stage discharge compressor (HPDESD). The system enables the step heating of the cold air at the evaporator exit, reducing the irreversible losses in both compression and heat transfer process. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. The energy consumption and drying time of the HPDESD system is 1.63kWh and 156mins, respectively, causing an energy-saving rate of 20.3% and saving 4mins compared to the basic heat pump drying cycle. In addition, the SMER and MER are sensitive to the compressor size and air cycle flowrate rather than clothing mass. When compressor size decreases of 20% and the air cycle flowrate increases 20%, the SMER rises by 16.2% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to the original system. Meanwhile, the SMER and MER of the optimized system are 3.64 kg/kWh and 2.21 kg/h, respectively, which are 11% and 7.3% higher than the original design. It is worth noting that the HPDESD system has higher SMER and MER than other types. In future, utilizing the extra energy and adopting the optimization control strategy of compressor can further improve the performance of the heat pump dryers.

Adipokinetic hormone signaling mediates the enhanced fecundity of Diaphorina citri infected by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’

Diaphorina citri serves as the primary vector for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas),’ the bacterium associated with the severe Asian form of huanglongbing. CLas-positive D. citri are more fecund than their CLas-negative counterparts and require extra energy expenditure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction is of particular importance. In this study, we found adipokinetic hormone (DcAKH) and its receptor (DcAKHR) were essential for increasing lipid metabolism and fecundity in response to CLas infection in D. citri. Knockdown of DcAKH and DcAKHR not only resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol and a decline of glycogen, but also significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries. Combined in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that miR-34 suppresses DcAKHR expression by binding to its 3’ untranslated region, whilst overexpression of miR-34 resulted in a decline of DcAKHR expression and CLas titer in ovaries and caused defects that mimicked DcAKHR knockdown phenotypes. Additionally, knockdown of DcAKH and DcAKHR significantly reduced juvenile hormone (JH) titer and JH signaling pathway genes in fat bodies and ovaries, including the JH receptor, methoprene-tolerant (DcMet), and the transcription factor, Krüppel homolog 1 (DcKr-h1), that acts downstream of it, as well as the egg development related genes vitellogenin 1-like (DcVg-1-like), vitellogenin A1-like (DcVg-A1-like) and the vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR). As a result, CLas hijacks AKH/AKHR-miR-34-JH signaling to improve D. citri lipid metabolism and fecundity, while simultaneously increasing the replication of CLas, suggesting a mutualistic interaction between CLas and D. citri ovaries.

Adipokinetic hormone signaling mediates the enhanced fecundity of Diaphorina citri infected by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Diaphorina citri serves as the primary vector for 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas),' the bacterium associated with the severe Asian form of huanglongbing. CLas-positive D. citri are more fecund than their CLas-negative counterparts and require extra energy expenditure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction is of particular importance. In this study, we found adipokinetic hormone (DcAKH) and its receptor (DcAKHR) were essential for increasing lipid metabolism and fecundity in response to CLas infection in D. citri. Knockdown of DcAKH and DcAKHR not only resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol and a decline of glycogen, but also significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries. Combined in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that miR-34 suppresses DcAKHR expression by binding to its 3' untranslated region, whilst overexpression of miR-34 resulted in a decline of DcAKHR expression and CLas titer in ovaries and caused defects that mimicked DcAKHR knockdown phenotypes. Additionally, knockdown of DcAKH and DcAKHR significantly reduced juvenile hormone (JH) titer and JH signaling pathway genes in fat bodies and ovaries, including the JH receptor, methoprene-tolerant (DcMet), and the transcription factor, Krüppel homolog 1 (DcKr-h1), that acts downstream of it, as well as the egg development related genes vitellogenin 1-like (DcVg-1-like), vitellogenin A1-like (DcVg-A1-like) and the vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR). As a result, CLas hijacks AKH/AKHR-miR-34-JH signaling to improve D. citri lipid metabolism and fecundity, while simultaneously increasing the replication of CLas, suggesting a mutualistic interaction between CLas and D. citri ovaries.

Active runout compensation using the guide elements on metal band saws for a longer tool life and reduced material loss

AbstractAt a time of rising energy and material costs, manufacturing process efficiency is becoming increasingly important. This is one reason why cutting and especially sawing processes, usually the first step in most manufacturing chains in discrete part production, have to be investigated more intensively. Due to problems with runout and poor surface finishes, raw material is conventionally cut to oversize by either circular sawing or band sawing. This oversize has to be removed by following processes, costing extra energy and wasting material. Since the problem of runout increases with increasing tool wear due to higher deflections of the thin and compliant tools, an even larger oversize is required. This paper describes an approach to reduce the need of oversize even with increasing tool wear in band sawing by tilting the saw band in order to compensate for tool deflections during cutting. To achieve this, it is necessary to measure and understand the saw band runout. The next step is to present a system design and controller for tilting the saw band. Finally, tests are carried out to analyse the effectiveness of the system. In addition, the approach allows the use of increased process parameters to the end of the tool life without losing more material. The tool can therefore be used productively for a longer time period.