External Relation Research Articles

External Slot Relationship Memory for Multi-Domain Dialogue State Tracking

Dialogue state tracking is an essential component in multi-domain dialogue systems that aims to accurately determine the current dialogue state based on the dialogue history. Existing research has addressed the issue of multiple mappings in dialogues by employing slot self-attention as a data-driven approach. However, learning the relationships between slots from a single sample often has limitations and may introduce noise and have high time complexity issues. In this paper, we propose an external slot relation memory-based dialogue state tracking model (ER-DST). By utilizing external memory storage, we learn the relationships between slots as a dictionary of multi-domain slot relations. Additionally, we employ a small filter to discard slot information irrelevant to the current dialogue state. Our method is evaluated on MultiWOZ 2.0 and MultiWOZ 2.1, achieving improvements of 0.23% and 0.39% over the baseline models, respectively, while reducing the complexity of the slot relationship learning component to O(n).

Multimode theory of electron hole transverse instability

We present Vlasov–Poisson three-dimensional linear stability analysis of an initially planar electron hole structure, solving for the distribution function by integration along unperturbed orbits. The non-sinusoidal potential perturbation shape (parallel to$B$) is expanded in eigenfunctions of the adiabatic Poisson operator, generalizing the prior assumption of a rigid shift of the equilibrium. We show that the shiftmode is then modified by a second discrete mode plus an integral over a continuum of wave-like modes. A rigorous treatment shows that the continuum can be approximated effectively by a single mode that satisfies the external wave dispersion relation, thus making the perturbation a weighted sum of three modes. We find numerically the solution for the complex instability frequency, and the corresponding three mode amplitudes determining the perturbation eigenmode. This multimode analysis refines the accuracy of the prior single-mode results, giving slightly higher growth rates at most parameters, as expected from the extra mode shape freedom. Oscillating modes near stability boundaries have larger mode distortions which help explain particle-in-cell simulations that observe instability up to${\sim }20$ % beyond the prior shiftmode thresholds, and narrowing of the perturbation. At high magnetic field, the multimode analysis predicts a reduction of the already small growth rate.

Russell Contra Sense/Reference, the ‘Mont Blanc’ Correspondence

ABSTRACT It is argued that Russell before 1905 saw no value in Frege's sense/reference distinction. This is clearest in the Mont Blanc correspondence. It is argued that Russell and Frege failed to engage because Frege lacked a grasp on the internal/external relations distinction. For Russell sense is either an external relation, objectionably separating out thought and reference, or an internal relation, so what is thought is altered such that we do not know what we are talking about. The novelty of the present paper lies in the arrangement of the parts and the claim that Russellian propositions are not made up of the things themselves but of transparent representatives thereof.

The Use of Pronouns in Diplomatic Discourse: An Appraisal of Speeches of some Cameroonian Diplomats

This paper is aimed at investigating the use of pronouns, specifically the use of personal pronouns in diplomatic discourse made by some Cameroonian diplomats. Diplomacy is a tool for international communication and negotiations, and researchers have shown significant interest in it. The main emphasis here is the use of first personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’ as persuasive methods of communicating to their audience, and diplomatic ideas through the tactical use of the inclusion and exclusion of their audience. There is the use of ‘self’ and ‘group’ participation in their productions. Using personal pronouns, the diplomats’ intentions are identified and also help in the construction of their image. The speeches were selected from the official website of Cameroonian Ministry of External Relation. Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted in order to investigate in what context the personal pronouns (I and we) were used in speeches of two Cameroonian ministers of external relations: Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo and Lejuene Mbella Mbella. The findings show that the occurrences of personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’ in the speeches of both speakers differ slightly, particularly in specific contexts of use. They tend to use more of the ‘we’ pronoun than the ‘I’ in their production. This implies that these pronouns are used differently to achieve different results. They are used to reveal the diplomat’s attitude, motivation, social status and trustworthiness as well as paint a positive image of his country.

A Social Capital Perspective to Explain Internationalization of Business Group Affiliated Firms

We construct a theoretical framework that offers two different forms (primary and secondary) of social capital to explain the mechanisms behind internationalization of business group (BG) affiliated firms. We propose that BG level interorganizational network ties creates domestic focus opportunity-motivation-ability in affiliated firm which is detrimental to affiliate level degree of internationalization. We further propose that affiliate level internal network configuration (combined effect of network density and network hierarchy) and external network relation (combined effect of trust and identification) create international focus opportunity-motivation-ability and alleviate negative effect of network ties on affiliate’s degree of internationalization. Our theoretical framework contributes to the global strategy of BG research where the key concepts of networks, social capital, and organizational international strategy intersect.

The Magical Santayanan Groundwork for Metaphysical Coherentism

The Magical Santayanan Groundwork for Metaphysical Coherentism

Transformer-based map-matching model with limited labeled data using transfer-learning approach

In many spatial trajectory-based applications, it is necessary to map raw trajectory data points onto road networks in digital maps, which is commonly referred to as a map-matching process. While most previous map-matching methods have focused on using rule-based algorithms to deal with the map-matching problems, in this paper, we consider the map-matching task from the data-driven perspective, proposing a deep learning-based map-matching model. We build a Transformer-based map-matching model with a transfer learning approach. We generate trajectory data to pre-train the Transformer model and then fine-tune the model with a limited number of labeled data to minimize the model development cost and reduce the real-to-virtual gaps. Three metrics (Average Hamming Distance, F-score, and BLEU) at two levels (point and segment level) are used to evaluate the model performance. The model is tested with real-world datasets, and the results show that the proposed map-matching model outperforms other existing map-matching models. We also analyze the matching mechanisms of the Transformer in the map-matching process, which helps to interpret the input data’s internal correlation and the external relation between input data and matching results. In addition, the proposed model shows the possibility of using generated trajectories to solve the map-matching problems in the limited labeled data environment.

Relationism and the Problem of Publicity

AbstractAccording to a recently developed family of relational views, whether two concepts C1and C2are the same is a matter of an external relation in which their tokens stand. In this paper, we highlight the chief contributions of Relationism in the elucidation of concept sameness, present a set of arguments to the effect that relational accounts of concept sameness fail to accommodate a substantive notion of concept publicity, and offer a diagnosis of this result. We conclude that the strengths of non‐relational approaches will also need to be considered in order to fully capture what it means for a concept to be public.

Internal continuatives and logical metaphors: A development of classifying conjunctive relation

This research attempts to develop Martin’s & Rose’s concept of conjunctive relation (CR) analysis, in which the external and internal roles of conjunction do not include the other two types of conjunctive relation markers such as continuative and logical metaphor. Relying on more than twenty international journal articles, the research findings exhibit that certain types of continuative and logical metaphor can not only operate externally to connect events and qualities but they can also function internally to organize evidences and arguments in texts. As a result, not only a new role of internal continuative and logical metaphor can be confirmed, but the findings will also introduce an elaborated development of classifying CR in general. The emergence of the internal role of continuative and logical metaphor leads to a more elaborate way of connecting and grouping clauses into different units of discourse. In this way, they will also be able to demonstrate how texts can be built up through clauses, phases, and stages in a particular genre, without the need to be interpreted in conjunctions.
 HIGHLIGHTS:
 
 This article attempt to find a new way of classifying internal and external conjunctive relation that is comprised of conjunction, continuative and metaphor. Martin (2007) argues that only conjunction that perform external and inter.
 This article exhibits that actually external and internal roles can also be performed by continuative and metaphor
 

Te puse la mano en el hombro ‘I put my hand on your shoulder’

The main goal of this paper is to provide a solution to a puzzle regarding a constraint on multiple external possession relations in Spanish prepositional double object verbs like poner ‘put.’ When both the direct object and prepositional object are body parts with different external possessors, the subject must be the possessor of the direct object body part and a dative clitic the possessor the prepositional object body part, not the other way around. Assuming that possessor movement to theta positions is what gives rise to external possession, I claim that the unacceptable interpretation is due to a locality violation that is incurred when an external possession relation is established between a subject and prepositional object body part that crosses over another external possession relation between a dative clitic and direct object body part.

Faktor Internal dan Eksternal yang Mempengaruhi Pembiayaan Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (Periode 2011 – 2019)

This research aims to (1) determine the long-term and short-term relation of internal factors for financing the Sharia People's Financing Bank in Indonesia, (2) determine the long-term and short-term external relation factors for financing the Sharia People's Financing Bank in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. This study uses time-series data in a monthly form for 2011: M01 to 2019: M12. The analysis technique uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The research result shows the following: (1) Capital Adequacy Ratio has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's BPRS financing in the long-term and short-term. (2) Long-term Third Party Funds has a positive and significant impact on BPRS financing. In the short term, Third Party Funds have a positive and significant impact on BPRS financing at lag 2. (3) Inflation has a positive and insignificant impact on the long-term and short-term BPRS financing in Indonesia. (4) Industrial Productive Index has a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's BPRS financing in the long-term and short-term.

Метаэтические основания аргументов от зла

The aim of this paper is to analyze the metaethical assumptions of arguments from evil (AE). In the first part of the paper, I discuss the main conceptual ingredients of AE: di­vine attributes and the concepts of gratuitous and horrendous evil. Then, I argue that AE are incompatible with metaethical antirealism because their premises might be true in the relevant sense only on realistic assumptions. I further argue that metaethical naturalism makes AE circular and metaethical supernaturalism renders them incoherent. The only form of realism that seems compatible with the arguments from evil, as I argue, is non­naturalism. In the second part of the paper, I argue that although coherentism might be used to construe arguments from evil, it makes such arguments dialectically weak be­cause it seems more rational for a theist to deny the reality of gratuitous and horren­dous evil then to deny the reality of God. I further show that moral intuitionism might explain why the denial of these kinds of evil might be difficult for theists. In the third part of the paper, I argue that the arguments from evil presuppose an external relation between moral judgements and motives as well as an indefeasible necessary relation between reasons and motives in God.

DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN THE TRADING SECTOR IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA

This study examines the factors that determine the competitiveness of SMEs in the trading sector. The study highlights the internal and external factors, competitive strategies deployed by SMEs and measures to improve SMEs' competitiveness. The study ascertains the competitive strategies of SMEs in the trading sector and explores ways of enhancing the competitiveness of trading SMEs. The convenience sampling method was used to select a sample size of 450 SMEs from various markets in Accra, Ghana. The findings indicate management skills, capital, level of education and external relation management as the internal factors affecting SMEs competitiveness. On the other hand, it was revealed that, the external factors impeding SMEs competitiveness include, electricity supply, tax system, rent cost and consumer preference. Furthermore, there is no single strategy that an organisation can adopt to remain competitive in this highly dynamic market which has a relatively low barrier to entrants.

Realization of the tradeoff between internal and external entanglement

We experimentally realize the internal and external entanglement tradeoff, which is a new kind of entanglement monogamy relation different from that usually discussed. Using a source of twin photons, we find that the external entanglement in polarization of twin photons, and the path-polarization internal entanglement of one photon, limit each other. In the extreme case, when the internal state is maximally entangled, the external entanglement must be vanishing, that illustrate entanglement monogamy. Our results of the experiment coincide with the theoretical predictions, and therefore provide a direct experimental observation of the internal and external entanglement monogamy relation.

Whence ‘honeste vive’?

AbstractKant's characterisation of honeste vive as an unenforceable duty of right owed to oneself poses two systematic problems: it conflicts with Kant's claims that (a) duties of right concern the external relation between distinct individuals and (b) duties of right are externally enforceable. Both of these claims speak against the possibility of a duty of right to oneself. This article addresses this interpretative problem. Regarding (a) I suggest that while honeste vive is a duty owed to oneself, the content of the duty concerns one's interaction with others. Regarding (b) I maintain that honeste vive is a general duty of right, and such duties are not externally enforceable. This view both allows for an understanding of the structure of obligation in the Doctrine of Right as a whole and forces us to reconsider two central aspects of Kant's concept of right—namely, that all rights are externally enforceable and owed to others. Not only does honeste vive belong to the Doctrine of Right but understanding the way in which it does can illuminate the significance and scope of duties belonging to Kant's political philosophy.

Lost in plain sight: revealing central flow process in Christaller’s original central place systems

ABSTRACT Walter Christaller’s central place theory famously conceptualizes local external urban relations (town-ness) while neglecting non-local connections characterized as central flow theory (city-ness). In this paper, we advance the study of central flow theory by revealing its existence within the foundation text of central place theory. We systematically separate town-ness and city-ness in Christaller’s original data on 1920s’ southern Germany to estimate the balance between the two processes for different urban places. We find that city-ness dominates town-ness in leading cities and show the severe limitations of focusing on just one urban external relation in urban and regional studies of settlement systems.

Freedom in the External Relation of All Human Beings: On Kant’s Cosmopolitanism

AbstractAn influential interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of Right suggests that the relationship between public right and freedom is constitutive rather than instrumental. The focus has been on domestic right and members’ relations to their own state. This has resulted in a statist bias which has not adequately dealt with the fact that Kant regards public right as a system composed of three levels – domestic, international and cosmopolitan right. This article suggests that the constitutive relationship is between all levels of right, on the one hand, and ‘freedom in the external relation’ of all human beings, on the other hand.

Automated fiber tract reconstruction for surgery planning: Extensive validation in language-related white matter tracts.

Diffusion MRI and tractography hold great potential for surgery planning, especially to preserve eloquent white matter during resections. However, fiber tract reconstruction requires an expert with detailed understanding of neuroanatomy. Several automated approaches have been proposed, using different strategies to reconstruct the white matter tracts in a supervised fashion. However, validation is often limited to comparison with manual delineation by overlap-based measures, which is limited in characterizing morphological and topological differences.In this work, we set up a fully automated pipeline based on anatomical criteria that does not require manual intervention, taking advantage of atlas-based criteria and advanced acquisition protocols available on clinical-grade MRI scanners. Then, we extensively validated it on epilepsy patients with specific focus on language-related bundles. The validation procedure encompasses different approaches, including simple overlap with manual segmentations from two experts, feasibility ratings from external multiple clinical raters and relation with task-based functional MRI.Overall, our results demonstrate good quantitative agreement between automated and manual segmentation, in most cases better performances of the proposed method in qualitative terms, and meaningful relationships with task-based fMRI. In addition, we observed significant differences between experts in terms of both manual segmentation and external ratings. These results offer important insights on how different levels of validation complement each other, supporting the idea that overlap-based measures, although quantitative, do not offer a full perspective on the similarities and differences between automated and manual methods.

Self-Acquaintance and Three Regress Arguments

The three classic regress problems (the Extensive Regress of states, the Intensive Regress of contents, and the Fichte-Henrich-Shoemaker Regress of de se beliefs) related to the Self-Awareness Thesis (that one’s conscious states are the ones that one is aware of being in) can all be elegantly resolved by a self-acquaintance postulate. This resolution, however, entails that consciousness has an irreducibly circular structure and that self-acquaintance should not be conceived of in terms of an independent entity bearing an external or mediated relation to itself but rather in terms of a realized relation-instance relating to itself as well as to something other than itself. Consciousness, on this account, has a categorially curious status. It is like a relation-particular hybrid. This can be formalized in terms of the theory of hypersets, which in turn can be used to elucidate the problem of individuality, one source of the conceptual difficulty with adequately characterizing de se content.

The Effect of External Technology Cooperation and Internal Relation on Innovative Behavior in Technology Intensive Organizations

This study set up a research model based on theoretical research as a study of the effects of external technology cooperation activities and internal relationship competencies on innovation behavior in high technology companies. Based on the research model, hypotheses were set up and tested through questionnaires. The research hypothesis is largely based on the internal and external cooperative activities of companies and the effect of the introduction of open innovation on innovation behavior. H1. The more internal cooperation activities in the enterprise, the more innovative behavior will occur. H2. The more active external cooperation activities within the enterprise, the more innovative behavior will occur. H3. The more internal collaborative activities and external cooperation in the enterprise, the more open innovation will be active. In this paper, I propose that internal cooperative activities, external collaborative activities, and establishment of an open innovation culture are important variables that influence innovation behavior.