External Reasons Research Articles

Exploring Risk Factors of Psychological Distress among Chinese Medical Workforce

As the pioneer in responding COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, many problems were exposed in the health system, which was concealed and neglected before the pandemic, especially mental health wellness among health workers. This paper focused on the risk factor in the health work environment, to find the external reasons for health workers as this is the most obvious and examinable way to target the association. Different risk factors in the Chinese health workplace indicated one risk factor which influences health workers in one circumstance, could also exist in other contexts. In conclusion, there is not only one risk factor associated with mental health problems, but various factors work together to trigger the bad influence. The suggestion is to pay more attention to health workers mental health wellness by monitoring their mental health status constantly, therefore, implement the intervention timely. Research and policy reviews are required for providing health workers with better circumstances, to support and sustain their mental health and well-being. Further studies are required in the Chinese rural context, as there are more challenging treatments that still require the intervention of medical professionals, and the risk factors present in remote areas may be different from those in urban medicine, so the reasons for affecting the mental health of medical staff may be different.

Marketing Strategies to Tap She-conomy Potential

The rise of Chinas economy has been gradual and noticeable. She-conomy is the most prominent in the field of e-commerce. This thesis will focus on the reasons for She-conomys development, the classification of womens consumption and consumer psychology, and finally, arrive at a precise marketing strategy for womens different psychological ideas. The external reason for the development of She-conomy is mainly the development and improvement of the Internet and social media, while the internal reason is that contemporary womens self-awareness is gradually increasing, and they have a very strong desire to shop. The marketing strategy derived from the reasons for the development of the female consumer market and the female consumer psychology is to carry out multi-channel advertising and marketing, give women a certain sense of festival rituals and relatively large discounts, and upgrade the functions of the e-commerce platform to strengthen the comfort of womens consumption.

A Research on Reasons Leading to Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing Practices and Their Effects

This study aims to determine the reasons that lead businesses to environmentally responsible manufacturing, the practices carried out, and the effects of these practices on cleaner production performance and business performance. Within the scope of the research, the survey was applied to the companies operating in the shipbuilding sector in Turkey. Research data were analysed using descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression methods. As a result of the analysis carried out, it was concluded that in environmentally responsible manufacturing practices, internal reasons are more effective than external reasons, environmentally responsible manufacturing activities are positively associated with clean production performance, and cleaner production performance has a positive effect on business performance. The main limitation of the study is the small size of the sample, and it is recommended to contribute to the practitioners in environmentally responsible manufacturing by conducting new research with larger sample sizes in different sectors.

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Land Use Patterns on Land Economic Benefits

Land use refers to the long-term or periodic business activities aimed at land resources by using various methods and behaviors for the purpose of economic and social benefits. It is the content of human activities to obtain corresponding product benefits and economic benefits through effective use of land resources in the labor process. In general, the factors of farmers' land use are embodied in the differences in land use patterns and management practices. Different land use patterns and management practices are not only responses to natural socio-economic conditions and local policies, but also the most direct external reasons leading to land quality changes. How to guide farmers to make decision on the optimal land use behavior and construct the optimal land use model is of great significance for maintaining local land quality and increasing farmers' income. On the basis of expounding the problems existing in rural land use in China, this paper discusses the land use mode of coordinated development between urban and rural areas from different angles, and analyzes the influence mechanism of land use mode on land economic benefits.

Analysis of Problem of Employment and Corresponding Solutions for English Major Undergraduates--Taking “Double First-Class” Universities in Jiangsu as an Example

At present, against the backdrop of increasing employment pressure in China, the data released by the Ministry of Education shows that the English major has been regarded as a dead-end major for many years, and the employment prospect of English major undergraduates is not good. The research method adopted by this study is a combination of questionnaires and interviews, and the research subjects of this study are English major undergraduates from “double first-class” universities in Jiangsu province. This study draws three conclusions. First, the low employment among English majors is partly due to English major undergraduates’ own drawbacks and limitations. Second, external reasons also to a certain extent contribute to the employment difficulty of English major undergraduates. Third, alleviating the low employment rate of English undergraduates requires the joint effort of English major students themselves, schools, and society. This study is based on the analysis of the reasons for the employment difficulties of English major undergraduates and is committed to providing effective measures to alleviate the problems.

‘Yeah I’m gay, but I’m strong.’ Physicality, physicalness, and sport persistence among sexual minority college students

Disparities in sexual minority (SM) sports participation have become better established in recent years, yet factors contributing to sport persistence among those who are involved in sport remain relatively unexplored. Using data from 23 qualitative interviews with SM college students who were high school athletes, we examined factors that influence sport persistence among this group. Our analyses revealed that physical aspects of sports participation - the embodied sense of movement and/or the physical contact with other athletes - influences sports persistence in different ways for sexual minority (SM) athletes of various genders. SM men frequently discussed participating in sports for external reasons that related to their perceptions about their own bodies’ attractiveness. For SM women and non-binary individuals, however, the internal physical sensations derived from sports were empowering and facilitated sport persistence. However, for participants of all genders, the sexualization of their queer selves by others within their sports context affects their safety, performance, and presence depending upon the physicalness of the game. We argue that making queerness more visible in sports may alleviate the burden faced by SM athletes who are isolated as the only queer person on their teams and allows for a positive physical experience.

The Impact of Covid-19 Global Crisis on the Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Listed Material Sector Companies in Sri Lanka

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Covid-19 on the profitability of the material sector firms in Sri Lanka using ROA and ROE as the profitability measures. The commendable performance of the material sector equity index during Covid-19 period motivates this study to investigate whether the profitability of the sector backs the observed performance in the equity index. For this purpose, this study performs both parametric and non-parametric comparison tests on quarterly data gathered using annual reports from 2018Q1 to 2021Q1. Further, this study employs panel regression models to identify whether the differential effect of Covid-19 on profitability is immune to other controlling effects. Additionally, this study investigates the reasons behind the profitability patterns by analyzing annual reports' content. The results of this study confirm that during the first quarter of the year 2021, the ROA and ROE are greater than the per Covid period ROA and ROE. The major external reason for the higher profitability is the relaxed government policies implemented during the Covid-19 period. Accordingly, the findings of this study imply that supportive government policies enhance the performance of firms during crisis periods.

Трагедия У. Шекспира «Макбет» как образец дегуманизации и секуляризации позднего Ренессанса

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the process of dehumanization and secularization of the Late Renaissance in Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth”. The image of Macbeth reflects the humanistic idea of the free will of a person who sees a model in himself and his aspirations. Striving to gain power at any cost, Macbeth turns to demonic creatures – witches. Demonism is combined with politics, prompting the ruler to seek help and protection from otherworldly forces. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the tragedy “Macbeth” is analyzed in the context of Shakespeare’s philosophical and aesthetic views and reflects the playwright’s ideas that evil intentions are not rooted in external socio-political reasons, but are psychologically conditioned by the individual’s desire to achieve what he wants by raising his status regardless of existing moral norms and ideas about the law and virtues. The results demonstrated that Shakespeare reflected the religious, political and spiritual contradictions of the Late Renaissance in the tragedy “Macbeth”, showing how the dehumanization and secularization of the Late Renaissance made the process of transformation of humanistic ideals irreversible and at the same time detrimental to the spiritual state of society as a whole.

Psychological factors of subjective loneliness feelings in adolescents

This article investigates psychological causes of subjective loneliness feelings in adolescents. It presents a theoretical analysis of the loneliness phenomenon, as well as empirical research of this phenomenon in young people. The relevance of studying this psychological phenomenon is determined by the war in Ukraine, forced resettlement, and moving to a new city, or even to another country, distance learning, broken relationships and family separations, and the need to establish new social connections. Loneliness is often considered a problem of older generations, but under current conditions, it is adolescents who increasingly feel lonely. In addition to external objective reasons, individual factors may also affect the development of loneliness. Studying these factors allows for a more in-depth assessment of the scale of loneliness and creates a stronger basis for studying the phenomenon. The characteristics of adolescent loneliness stem from fundamental changes in the affective, motivational, and behavioral spheres of life and the impact of this state on socialization. The article discusses various theoretical approaches to the concept of loneliness in psychological research. The results indicate that the symptom complex of the loneliness concept includes a sense of psychological alienation, the inability to build normal relationships, and the inability to form strong attachments. The article considers three types of loneliness: chronic, situational, and temporary, and outlines characteristics of loneliness feeling experiences in adolescence. The article also identifies factors that influence the development of loneliness in adolescence. In addition, the article empirically studies psychological factors of subjective loneliness in adolescents, including personal and situational anxiety, indicators of aggressiveness, level of self-esteem, and level of sociability in adolescents.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Keuangan Dan Kontrol Diri Internal Terhadap Perilaku Manajemen Keuangan Syariah pada Pelaku UMKM Kecamatan Binjai Barat

Individually owned, productive companies known as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) are now flourishing in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of internal locus of control and financial knowledge on the financial management behavior of MSME actors in West Binjai District. Due to several internal and external reasons that do not assist MSME in West Binjai District, this industry is unable to flourish because of a lack of knowledge about financial management. Primary data types are used in this quantitative research style. There are 100 UMKM when utilizing the Quota Sampling technique to determine the sample from the 228 MSME industries. Multiple linear regression analysis is used in this study to test the instrument. The results of the research conducted show that financial knowledge has no effect on financial management behavior and internal locus of control effect on financial management behavior MSME actors in West Binjai.

Development and Implementation of Environmental Projects as Part of Social Responsibility of Modern Business

The article considers the subjects, objects and features of socio-environmental project management, identifies internal and external reasons for the initiation of social projects. Market, social, organizational and strategic effects in the activities of the organization from the implementation of socio-environmental projects are defined. Examples of implementation of successful social-ecological projects are resulted. Tasks and strategic objectives of the companies in the field of realization of ecological projects within the policy of social responsibility are formulated.

Best practice in aggravating and mitigating factors: Assessment of court decisions on corruption

Many court decisions on corruption have contained aggravating and mitigating factors that have left the public wondering. This research aims to find out the standard of best practice in aggravating and mitigating factors on corruption cases and measure the fulfillment of those standards in various court decisions. This normative research utilises the statute, case, and conceptual approaches as well as the qualitative analysis method. The research concluded that, (1) circumstances outside the elements of the crime, (2) circumstances that reflect the seriousness or dangerousness of the crime and the defendant, (3) the motive to commit such crime including internal or external reasons (Correspondence Inference Theory), (4) circumstances related to or surrounding the offence, and (5) circumstances related to the personal condition or reputation of the defendant in the community are the standards of best practice in aggravating and mitigating factors; and, that none of the court decisions examined in this research have cumulatively fulfilled those standards.

A randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention for decreasing bedtime procrastination using a wait-list control group in a non-clinical sample of young adults

Study objectivesBedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, without external reasons. This study is a randomized controlled trial aiming to establish efficacy of a behavioral intervention to decrease BP in a non-clinical sample. MethodThis was an open-label trial that was conducted in sixty participants (mean age 21.33 ± 2.35 years, 86.7% females) without insomnia or psychopathology who endorsed frequent BP. They were randomized to either the treatment group (n = 32) or wait-list control group (n = 28). Participants completed the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and a weekly sleep diary. Functional analysis was conducted to investigate the function of BP. Linear mixed models were used for analyses. ResultThe treatment group showed significant improvement on the BPS (35.56% decrease, d = 2.19, bedtime procrastination duration based on the sleep diary (−46.29 min, d = 1.22), and sleep efficiency (5.70% increase, d = 1.25) compared to the wait-list control group following the intervention. There were also significant reductions in time spent from bedtime to lights out, and wake time to time out of bed, in addition to improvements in ISI and ESS scores in the treatment group compared to the control group. Functional analysis results indicated emotional regulation (31.3%), compensation (26.5%), and social interaction and belongingness (18.1%) as the most frequent functions of bedtime procrastination. ConclusionThis study shows promising results for a behavioral intervention targeting BP and sleep. In addition, this study demonstrated various functions of BP as a sleep-interfering behavior. We expect that these findings could be used in future studies and clinical settings to decrease BP.

Digital entrepreneurship: towards a knowledge management perspective

PurposeThis study aims to present the critical role of knowledge management in digital entrepreneurship by reviewing the literature and proposing future research directions for digital entrepreneurship and knowledge management through an interdisciplinary framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Derwent Data Analyzer to identify and visualise the extant studies on digital entrepreneurship. This study qualitatively analyses the hot topics and trends in digital entrepreneurship research to understand digital entrepreneurship from the knowledge management perspective.FindingsThe authors found two dominant trends in existing research: logical and development trend exploration at the theoretical background and empirical research at the practical dimension. To understand digital entrepreneurship from a knowledge management perspective, the authors summarised the theoretical logic and internal and external reasons why knowledge management is required in digital entrepreneurship. Moreover, the authors analysed the new features of digital entrepreneurship under five aspects: management concept, object, content, scope and focus. The authors concluded that existing research on integrating knowledge management and digital entrepreneurship is primarily conducted from three perspectives: technology, platform and ecosystem.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth analysis of digital entrepreneurship from a knowledge management perspective. The findings can further promote the theoretical research and practical development of digital entrepreneurship and knowledge management. This approach provides a new direction for interdisciplinary study and enriches entrepreneurship research. In addition, this study proposes a knowledge management framework for digital entrepreneurship research. The findings contribute to understanding the role and function of knowledge management in digital entrepreneurship.

Povyshenie obshchestvenno-politicheskoj aktivnosti zhenshchin v 1920-e gg.: formy i metody

The article discusses the main forms and methods of political education of workers and peasants, as well as their involvement in the construction of socialism. It is shown that the activity of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) among women had relative effectiveness due to external and internal reasons. Statistical data reflecting the effectiveness of such work and the opinions of scientists on this issue are provided. The indicators of the socio-political work of women in women's departments, delegate meetings, trade unions, councils and cooperatives are given.

'Prosociality' in Daily School Life and Early Adolescents' Peer Aggression: A Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis Approach.

We aimed to typify prosocial characteristics of aggressive youth. We classified early adolescents based on daily configurations of prosocial behavior and autonomous prosocial motivations (performing prosocial behavior for identified and intrinsic reasons) and controlled prosocial motivations (performing prosocial behavior for external and introjected reasons) and explored the links between the obtained sub-groups and peer aggression. The sample included 242 Israeli six-graders [Mage = 11.96 (SD = 0.18), 50% girls] and their teachers. At the daily level, adolescents self-reported on prosocial behaviors and their autonomous and controlled prosocial motivations for ten consecutive days. At the trait level, adolescents reported on global, reactive, and proactive peer aggression. Teachers reported on adolescents' global peer aggression. Using multilevel latent profile analysis, we identified four day-level profiles of prosociality: 'high prosocial autonomous' (39% of days), 'low prosocial' (35%), 'average prosocial controlled' (14%), and 'high prosocial bi-motivation' (13%). At the adolescent level, we identified four sub-groups, each characterized by one dominant daily profile: 'stable high autonomy' (33% of adolescents); 'stable high bi-motivation' (12%); 'often average controlled' (16%); 'often low' (39%). Higher self-reported aggressive adolescents, particularly proactive aggressive, had the least chance of being in the 'stable high autonomy' sub-group of all sub-groups. Teacher-reported aggressive adolescents had the least likelihood of being in the 'stable high autonomy' sub-group and the most likelihood of being in the 'often low' sub-group. In sum, peer aggression is a function of the configured phenomenology of prosocial behavior and motivations, with high prosocial autonomously motivated youth being the least aggressive.

Transitioning off methadone: A qualitative study exploring why patients discontinue methadone treatment for opioid use disorder

IntroductionPatients who discontinue methadone for opioid use disorder are at increased risk of overdose and death. We know little about how patients make the decision to stop treatment. This study explored reasons why patients discontinue methadone treatment. MethodsWe conducted 20 individual semi-structured patient interviews and two staff focus groups, each with five participants, at two opioid treatment programs in Baltimore, MD, in the United States from June 2021 to May 2022. Patient interviews and staff focus groups covered three domains: 1) reasons why patients may want to discontinue methadone; 2) perspectives about the ideal length of methadone treatment; and 3) changes that could improve retention. We used a modified grounded theory approach to code interviews, identify emergent themes, and develop a conceptual model. ResultsWe identified three themes related to patients' internal relationships to methadone: patients (1) viewed methadone as a bridge to opioid-free recovery, (2) believed that long-term methadone damages the body, and (3) felt that methadone increases craving for cocaine; and three themes related to their external relationships with opioid treatment programs and society at large: patients (4) viewed daily dosing as burdensome, (5) feared methadone inaccessibility could trigger relapse, and (6) experienced stigma from friends, family, and peers. Patients with internal reasons planned to stop as soon as possible and asked for education about perceived side effects and treatment for cocaine craving to promote retention. Patients with external reasons were willing to continue for longer and asked for adaptive take-home policies and reduced societal stigma around methadone. ConclusionsPatients want to discontinue methadone either because of their internal relationship to methadone and its real or perceived side effects, or because of their external experiences with opioid treatment programs and societal stigma of methadone. To improve retention, clinical and policy changes should consider responses to both of these categories of reasons.

Leading Edge or Bleeding Edge: Designing a Framework for the Adoption of AI Technology in an Educational Organization

Adopting Artificial Intelligent Technology in an Educational Organization is often problematic due to many internal and external environmental reasons, and often fails to attain the desired goals. This study aims to design a framework for adopting AI technology in the education sector. Most of the research focuses on the acceptance of a particular technology and ignores the study of what else is needed for a technology acceptance. The framework in this study provides a step-by-step process of the Technological Transformation of an organization never designed before. We recommend that before making any technological changes in an organization, generally and in the educational organization particularly, the processes must be followed for the successful and meaningful adoption of AI technology.

Pre-Operative Substance Use Disorder is Associated with Higher Risk of Long-Term Mortality Following Bariatric Surgery.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality. While the number of subjects with substance use disorders (SUD) before MBS has been documented, the impact of pre-operative SUD on long-term mortality following MBS is unknown. This study assessed long-term mortality of patients with and without pre-operative SUD who underwent MBS. Two statewide databases were used for this study: Utah Bariatric Surgery Registry (UBSR) and the Utah Population Database. Subjects who underwent MBS between 1997 and 2018 were linked to death records (1997-2021) to identify any death and cause for death following MBS. All deaths (internal, external, and unknown reasons), internal deaths, and external deaths were the primary outcomes of the study. External causes of death included death from injury, poisoning, and suicide. Internal causes of death included deaths that were associated with natural causes such as heart disease, cancer, and infections. A total of 17,215 patients were included in the analysis. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of controlled covariates, including the pre-operative SUD. The subjects with pre-operative SUD had a 2.47 times higher risk of death as compared to those without SUD (HR = 2.47, p < 0.01). Those with pre-operative SUD had a higher internal cause of death than those without SUD by 129% (HR = 2.29, p < 0.01) and 216% higher external mortality risk than those without pre-operative SUD (HR = 3.16, p < 0.01). Pre-operative SUD was associated with higher hazards of all-cause, internal cause, and external cause mortality in patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

«Трудно быть Богом», или игровое движение до и после перестройки

The widespread use of game methods for solving problems and developing thinking in the 1980s - 1990s, in other words, the game movement, was one of the forms of participation of the intelligentsia in the transformation of Soviet society. It began with organizational-activity games (OAG), created in the Moscow Methodological Circle under the leadership of the philosopher G.P. Shchedrovitsky. The article analyses the gaming movement, its influence, efficiency and social responsibility. Methodologists practiced several forms of social engineering activity: OAG organizer - game technician - political strategist - political consultant - designer of the state system - trainer and teacher of the administrative elite. There are many modern politicians from the first echelon of power among those who have been trained in seminars and games. Methodologists began their social engineering activities during the “Perestroika” period. The article analyzes the game at the RAF (1987), where the theme of democratization was discussed within the framework of the election of the plant director. Game technicians acted as ‘foremen of perestroika’ or ‘progressors’ and offered their own interpretation of democratization, which turned out to be unrealizable in Soviet life. Following the OAG, new types of games were formed: design, problem-practical, simulation, innovation and other games. The gaming movement ended in the late 1990s. Among the external reasons for stopping the gaming movement were: the ill-conceived perestroika program, the collapse of the USSR and the course towards strengthening the new Russian goverment. Among the internal problems are: misunderstanding of the situation in the country by game technicians, the inadequacy of the proposed mechanism for social change to the social and political nature of Russian society, the replacement of the concepts of democracy and democratization with managerial concepts. This ended with the commercialization of the gaming movement, merging it with power structures, serving the state and various social movements. The methodologists have demonstrated their failure in the role of ‘progressors’ and in this sense they have shared the fate of the Soviet intelligentsia. Having suffered a defeat in the role of social engineers, methodologists returned to Castalia to practice and develop methodology in various fields of academic and pedagogical activity.