External Motivation Research Articles

A Qualitative Study of the Psychological Effects of Motivational Quotes

Motivational quotes wield and obtain a sense of power towards inspiring individuals to strive towards their goals, harnessing both internal and external motivations. The absence of motivational quotes tends to serve as catalysts, igniting the drive to propel one through challenges and pursue excellence. Externally, motivational quotes often encapsulate universal truths or wisdom, offering perspective and guidance from varied sources and figures. This paper explores the effectiveness of motivational quotes in medical and educational contexts, with a focus on their impact on individuals' behavior. While numerous studies have reported a generally positive attitude toward the use of motivational quotes, specific concerns have emerged. This paper has observed that motivational quotes, delivered through various media, have successfully motivated individuals to take positive actions, such as adhering to medication regimens and quitting smoking. However, some studies have highlighted potential limitations, including overexposure leading to reduced effectiveness, the contextual relevance of motivational quotes, and the distinction between external and internal motivation. This paper presents an overview of the existing research, offering insights into the mixed opinions on the use of motivational quotes for motivation. It calls for future studies to consider contextual factors, audience mindset, media selection, and quote suitability in order to enhance their efficacy.

PECULIARITIES OF JUNIOR BALLROOM DANCERS’ MOTIVATION

The aim of this research is paid to the peculiarities of junior ballroom dancers’ motivation. The sample of the research consisted of 70 12-15-aged junior ballroom dancers – 40 girls and 30 boys. The sport motivation scale (SMS) was chosen in order to reveal this issue. The study revealed that the internal motivation of junior dancers was expressed more than the external motivation, but some statements that reflect the internal motivation were evaluated differently by the dancers. The dancers did not have a strong opinion – they doubted the statements of the external motivation subscales. The dancers mostly disagreed with the following statements: I dance because my friends and other people respect and appreciate me for it and I dance because I think it’s one of the best ways to make friends and communicate. The amotivation of the dancers was not strongly expressed. They did not doubt their success, why they were dancing and they had no thoughts that they will not achieve their intended purpose. The girls that dance ballroom dances have higher internal motivation – to find out and internal motivation – experience; meanwhile, the boys had stronger internal motivation – to strive for perfection. It was also revealed the external motivation – to get identified and coincide – was important for the junior dancers of the both groups.

Negative Emotional Value of Players: Exploring the Time Investment Dimension from Chinese Mobile Game Players’ Reviews

This study delved into the concept of “time investment” by examining negative comments from players. It conducted a comprehensive analysis of how time investment and external motivation influence players’ emotional experiences, drawing from self-determination theory (SDT). Nonetheless, there has been limited exploration of the origins and significance of players’ negative emotions. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Initially, it constructed a radar chart representing time investment by analyzing textual reviews from Chinese players across six distinct mobile game types and creating thematic models with BERTopic. Subsequently, the initial machine learning results were confirmed through a questionnaire survey (n = 1028), resulting in the identification of five primary time investment dimensions: in-game experience time investment, learning time investment, social time investment, emotional time investment, and economic time investment. The study unveils the impact of external motivation on players’ emotions and assessments, all from the viewpoint of players. It also offers an expanded perspective within SDT for the exploration of external motivation. The findings present a fresh theoretical outlook and research framework for game designers and the human–computer interaction (HCI) field. Additionally, they offer new insights into the concept of time as perceived by players.

Prediction of the performance of halal food industry using a system dynamics simulation model

Purpose This study aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) simulation model to forecast the performance of the Indonesian halal industry to verify whether decision-making has been properly executed to increase the contribution of the success factors. Design/methodology/approach This study establishes a SD-based model using three subsystems, namely, the halal assurance and certification process, the government and the export–import subsystem. Findings The best scenario is the third scenario or the combined scenario of providing facilities to accelerate the micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), carrying out halal certification, reducing the time for the certification process, increasing the number of the halal auditor and increasing the awareness from enterprises (both MSMEs and large enterprises) to carry out halal certification because of the internal and external motivations. Research limitations/implications First, the demand for certification of the type of food product is acquired using the number of SMEs and large companies. Second, the model does not include the government budget as a constraint. Practical implications This study provides essential insights into implementing the best policies that can increase the performance of the halal industry. Social implications This study revealed that relevant policy scenarios could be built after simulating and analyzing each scenario’s effect on the halal industry’s performance. Originality/value This study will enrich the scientific insight related to institutional theory and resource-based view, as those theories identify success factors associated with the performance of the halal food industry. This study will also enrich the scientific insight related to system dynamic methodology, as it is used to model the performance of the halal industry.

A Review of Factors Influencing Students Intrinsic Motivation to Engage in Online Learning Processes

Since the 21st century, with the development of the Internet, online education has gradually become an important trend in the development of the education industry. The motivation of online learning has also received extensive attention and research in the academic community, but compared with the external motivation, the specialized research of internal motivation is less. Therefore, this paper will base on the influence of Bruner's intrinsic motivation theory on online learning, and analyse the relationship between three elements of internal motivation and synchronous online learning and asynchronous online learning. Combined with the existing online learning software and platform, this paper analyses and summarizes the promotion effect of internal motivation on online learning, and puts forward some own views and opinions.

Research on multilateral collaboration strategies in agricultural seed quality assurance.

Seeds, as the initial products in agricultural systems, play a pivotal role in ensuring quality, fundamental to national food security and sustainable agricultural development. This study introduces a concept integrating public governance and evolutionary game theory to construct a quadripartite evolutionary game model involving seed companies, certification agencies, farmers, and governmental departments. It considers the strategic choices of these stakeholders under varying economic motivations and market mechanisms, as well as the influence of external regulation and incentives on game strategies. The existence conditions for evolutionarily stable strategy combinations are determined using the Lyapunov first method, and MATLAB is employed for numerical simulation analysis to validate the game analysis under initial conditions. The simulation results reveal two potential equilibrium points corresponding to different strategic choices among stakeholders. The study finds that producing high-quality seeds and the refusal of certification agencies to engage in rent-seeking are crucial for ensuring seed quality. Additionally, the cost-benefit ratio of seed companies, the speculative cost of certification agencies, and the rights-protection cost of farmers are key determinants in the evolution of seed quality assurance strategies. This research also holds practical significance in enhancing seed quality assurance mechanisms and fostering sustainable development in agriculture.

The future of sustainable farming: An evolutionary game framework for the promotion of agricultural green production technologies

In the context of global climate change and increasing population, transitioning to resource-efficient, environmentally friendly agricultural technologies is essential for sustainability. In this context, the present study is anchored in the theories of information asymmetry and bounded rationality. It constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model under market mechanisms and government guidance, facing the challenges of promoting green agricultural technologies among multiple actors. This model explores the strategic choices and dynamic evolution of these actors under economic incentives and risk perception. The objective of the research is to reveal the dynamic evolutionary trends of stakeholder behavior under different policy intervention conditions and how governments can propel the promotion of green agricultural production technologies through policy instruments. To encompass the impact of historical decisions on the evolutionary process of green technology dissemination, this study employs a Delay Differential Equations (DDE) algorithm that considers historical time lags in its numerical simulations. Through stability analysis and DDE numerical simulations, the research identifies factors influencing the promotion of green agricultural production technologies. The findings indicate that under market mechanisms, there is a risk of “market failure” in the dissemination model of green agricultural technologies. Government participation can provide external incentive support, effectively enhancing the stability and efficiency of the evolutionary game system for promoting green technologies. Simulation results further suggest that government intervention can significantly improve the stability and efficiency of technology promotion. Economies of scale, initial willingness, risk perception, and subsidy intensity are decisive factors in technology adoption. Consequently, policymakers are advised to formulate precise and multifaceted subsidy strategies based on the varying needs of different actors, to stimulate engagement, reduce risk, and encourage widespread adoption of green technologies. This study lays a theoretical groundwork for smallholders and family farms to overcome technology adoption barriers, crucial for sustainable agricultural development. It provides a framework for understanding and addressing these challenges, guiding policymakers in crafting effective green agriculture policies to improve farming efficiency and sustainability.

Examining the crucial societal incentive approaches and their impact mechanisms to enhance the purchase intention of carbon-labeled products: A conjoined application of PLS-SEM and NCA methodologies

Enhancing consumers’ purchase intention for carbon-labeled products is crucial for the sustainable development of the market economy. This study aims to address a key challenge by exploring the often-overlooked impact of external incentive mechanisms in the existing literature. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA), the research dissects survey data from 730 Chinese consumers. It reveals the complex influence of four social incentives (i.e., monetary incentives, price incentives, spiritual incentives, and information incentives) on purchasing intentions from the perspective of perceived value. The results indicate that consumers’ awareness and trust in carbon labels are highly important but show modest performance. To be specific, among the four incentive measures, information incentives significantly promote purchasing intentions, followed by spiritual incentives. Interestingly, although the price incentives are a key precondition for increasing purchasing intentions, they do not show a direct and statistically significant effect. Besides, monetary incentives specifically facilitate the formation of purchasing intentions by enhancing consumers’ perception of the efficacy of carbon-labeled products, while information incentives promote intentions by influencing consumers’ desire for value expression. Benefiting from these four incentive measures, this study provides valuable insights to help develop effective strategies for promoting carbon labeling and green products, refine the design of environmentally friendly choice architectures for public policy, and enhance our understanding of consumer behavior in contemporary culture.

Necessity of assessment and how it affects students' psyche and desire to learn: innovative digital technologies for assessment of art and music teaching in China

ABSTRACT This paper studies the use of innovative digital technologies to assess art and music creative works in China. The authors of the paper conducted an experimental study of the influence of various types of assessment, such as formative and summative, on the academic motivation and mental health of artists and musicians. The study involved second-year students from Xihua University (N = 548). The researchers used the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) as psychometric tools of the standardized methods. Summarizing the results obtained, they can conclude that summative assessment stimulates external motivation, while formative assessment contributes to the development of internal motivation of students. These results allow teachers to offer different types of assessment to strengthen a certain type of students’ motivation. The researchers also found that summative assessment could result in a higher level of amotivation. However, they did not confirm the assumption about the negative impact of summative assessment on the mental state of students.

Association between nutrition self-efficacy, health locus of control and food choice motives in consumers in nine European countries.

We investigated associations between food choice motives and psychological determinants of dietary health behaviour change (nutrition self-efficacy, NS-E, and health locus of control, HLoC) among 9381 participants (18-65 years, 49.4% females) from nine European countries. Price was the highest rated food choice motive. Higher importance of all motives was associated with higher NS-E and with higher Internal HLoC. Relationships between food choice motives and External HLoC were also in the expected direction in showing negative associations with Health, Natural Content, Weight Control, Mood and Sensory Appeal. Higher External HLoC was also associated with perceived greater importance of 'external' motives Ethical Concern, Familiarity and Convenience. Relationships between External HLoC and food choice motives were not all in the expected direction. Price was unrelated to External HLoC. Females rated the importance of all motives higher than males. People with less education ascribed greater importance to Price in motivating food choices. Together, these findings imply that self-efficacy and health locus of control should be considered along with motivations for food choice in dietary health promotion.

The Narrative of a Chinese Sports Film Documentary: SWOT Analysis of "On Your Mark"

"On Your Mark" is directed by Malaysian-Chinese director Zhou Qingyuan, through the "sports documentary", shuttling sound, painting, light and shadow, determined to be happy, diversified participation, enjoy the cultural heritage brought by the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression to New era, pursue the dream of modern Olympics, and create a social sports atmosphere. Based on the SWOT analysis of the expressiveness of sports culture in films, this paper expounds the "sportsmanship" from four aspects: external incentive (S), internal competition (W), opportunity (O) and challenge (T), and then discusses the development path of Chinese sports documentaries. Based on the background of exploring the road of Chinese sports documentaries, combined with the perspective of combining sports and education, through the aesthetics and culture of documentary films, we explore the development path of Chinese documentary films, thereby looking for breakthroughs in culture and education, and the intersection of sports and documentaries. Form the educational value and cultural value of sports film documentaries, and build a system and determination suitable for development.

AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH TO REVEAL THE HABITS, MOTIVATIONS, AND TENDENCIES OF GENERATION Z TO USE SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AS A LEISURE ACTIVITY

Generation Z’s (Gen-Z) technology-centered lifestyles have resulted in a departure from traditional behavior patterns, particularly in their use of social media platforms (SMPs) for leisure activities. In this regard, an exploratory, qualitative research approach was adopted in the present study, which deeply understands the perceptions and feelings of Gen-Z members’ engagement with the SMPs for their leisure pursuits. Inductive content analysis was performed on the data collected from 107 Gen-Z member university students selected using convenience sampling. The perspectives and internal and external motivations of Gen-Z members towards producing content on SMPs are discussed within the scope of social comparison and social presence theories, while their views on whether to perform recreational activities are built on the theoretical foundations of leisure constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural) and facilitators. Gen-Z behaviors regarding joining or not joining groups were framed based on social media engagement (behavioral, affective, and cognitive) and leisure constraints. The results obtained will lead to the opening of new discussion areas for the creation of modern marketing strategies for the recreation industry, marketing organizations, and public institutions and organizations.

Research on Disney's Streaming Media Industry Behavior under the Digital Transformation

In the era of the digital economy, competition among media and film companies in the streaming media sector has entered a new stage. Following the steady growth of global users, the streaming media market is now trending towards a relatively consolidated monopoly. This paper takes Disney, an American media giant, as a case study to analyze its internal and external motivations for undertaking streaming media reform. It examines Disney's strategic layout in the streaming media industry from an industrial behavior perspective, focusing on organizational behavior and pricing strategies. Additionally, HHI is employed to verify that North America's streaming media market structure can be characterized as a "competitive monopoly" market. Therefore, considering the current market situation, this analysis aims to provide insights and explore potential pathways for traditional film and television companies' digital transformation.

The impacts of learning motivation, emotional engagement and psychological capital on academic performance in a blended learning university course.

This study aims to explore the relationships among psychological capital, learning motivation, emotional engagement, and academic performance for college students in a blended learning environment. The research consists of two studies: Study 1 primarily focuses on validating, developing, revising, and analyzing the psychometric properties of the scale using factor analysis, while Study 2 employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses of relationships of included variables and draw conclusions based on 745 data collected in a university in China. Findings revealed that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, emotional engagement, and psychological capital all impact academic performance. Extrinsic learning motivation has significant positive direct effects on intrinsic learning motivation, emotional engagement, and psychological capital. Intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between extrinsic motivation and academic performance. In future blended learning practices, it is essential to cultivate students' intrinsic learning motivation while maintaining a certain level of external learning motivation. It is also crucial to stimulate and maintain students' emotional engagement, enhance their sense of identity and belonging, and recognize the role of psychological capital in learning to boost students' confidence, resilience, and positive emotions.

Influence of subsidy policies against insurances on controlling the propagation of epidemic security risks in networks

Subsidies are used to further control the propagation of epidemic security risks as they offer users incentives to practice security investment behaviors. However, previously proposed subsidy policies have typically been studied without insurance, and it is still challenging to build effective subsidy strategies when users can transfer some of the infection loss to the insurer by purchasing insurance, because these external incentives may alter users' decisions to purchase insurance. To this end, we designed three subsidy policies in a scenario where purchasing insurance is one of the available strategies to users: under SPIns and SPInsp, the subsidies are used as the insurance funds and the risk precaution aspect of the insurance funds, respectively, and under SPInsd, a fraction of the subsidies are used to support some free-riding users with high node importance in their purchase of insurance, and the remaining subsidies are used as the precaution aspect of the insurance funds. The subsidy policies are studied with a formulated security investment game model on scale-free networks from the perspectives of the public and insurer. The results show that SPInsd can always work effectively and outperforms others in limiting the extent of an epidemic outbreak with similar or lower social costs, and without a reduction in profit for the insurer. More importantly, an interesting phenomenon emerges in the SPInsp scenario: under specific insurance parameters, the increase in subsidy funding has a negative impact on preventing the risk spread, leading to larger final epidemic sizes. In addition, the effectiveness of SPInsd on scale-free networks with larger average degree or network size and random networks are also studied. We anticipate this work can provide useful insights for policy makers with respect to design and implementation of optimal subsidy policies related to the control of epidemic security risks under an insurance scenario.

Impact of Motivation in Promoting Sports Participation among People with Disabilities

Sport plays a vital role in facilitating the integration of people with disabilities into society, with motivation being a crucial factor for their participation. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the motivation behind sports participation among people with disabilities, considering age, gender, disability type, and educational level as potential influencing factors. A sample of 205 people with disabilities, recruited from three sports clubs in southern Saudi Arabia, completed the Motivation Scale for Sports Participation of People with Disabilities. Statistical analyses, including independent and one-way ANOVA, were conducted to explore motivation variations based on demographic characteristics. Results indicated higher levels of internal motivation, followed by external motivation among participants. Notably, people with visual impairments exhibited greater external motivation, while those with physical impairments demonstrated significant internal motivation. Age-related differences were identified, with older people showing lower internal motivation but higher external motivation. Furthermore, significant variations in motivation were observed based on educational level, with people possessing higher academic backgrounds displaying elevated motivation levels. Gender-based differences in motivation were not significant. To enhance the engagement of people with disabilities in sports activities, tailored policies considering age, education, and disability type-specific motivations are recommended, aiming to foster a supportive environment conducive to their athletic pursuits.

Perceptions of Chinese women with a history of gestational diabetes regarding health behaviors and related factors: a directed qualitative content analysis

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes in both mothers and their children. After delivery, women who experience GDM are also at higher risk of both subsequent GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than those who do not. Therefore, healthcare providers and public health practitioners need to develop targeted and effective interventions for GDM. In this study, we aimed to explore the perceptions regarding health behaviors and related factors during the inter-pregnancy period among Chinese women with a history of GDM through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).MethodsBetween December 2021 and September 2022, 16 pregnant Chinese women with a history of GDM were purposively recruited from a tertiary maternity hospital in Shanghai for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. They were asked questions regarding their health behaviors and related factors. The transcribed data were analyzed using a directed qualitative content analysis method based on the theory of TPB.ResultsThe health-related behaviors of the women varied substantially. We identified five domains that influenced women’s behaviors according to TPB constructs and based on the data collected: behavioral attitude (perceived benefits of healthy behaviors and the relationship between experience and attitude towards the oral glucose tolerance testing); subjective norms (influences of significant others and traditional cultural beliefs); perceived behavior control (knowledge of the disease, multiple-role conflict, the impact of COVID-19, an unfriendly external environment and difficulty adhering to healthy diets), incentive mechanisms (self-reward and external incentives); preferences of professional and institutional support (making full use of social media platform and providing continuous health management).ConclusionsThe health-related behaviors of women with a history of GDM were found to be affected by multiple factors. Healthcare professionals are recommended to provide women with sufficient information regarding the disease and to take advantage of the power of the family and other social support networks to improve women’s subjective norms and to promote the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.

Surveying factors that influence healthcare personnel in the transition to reusable surgical gowns

AbstractThis study surveyed 190 healthcare professionals to examine attitudes towards reusable surgical gowns, aiming to reduce medical waste. Comfort (scoring 5.32 out of 7) and misconceptions about gowns serving as personal protective equipment (87% hold this belief) are crucial influencers. External motivators, trust, emotions, and workload also impact perceptions. The study recommends enhancing reusable gown design for comfort, multifunctionality, and hygiene trust. It calls for communication strategies to normalise reusables in healthcare and urges a transition to sustainable practices.

Improving routine use of clinical pathway decision support through integration of an EHR with a clinical library resource designed to provide evidence-based guidance within oncology workflows

BackgroundThe rapid evolution, complexity, and specialization of oncology treatment makes it challenging for physicians to provide care based on the latest and best evidence. We hypothesized that physicians would use evidence-based trusted care pathways if they were easy to use and integrated into clinical workflow at the point of care.MethodsWithin a large integrated care delivery system, we assembled clinical experts to define and update drug treatment pathways, encoded them as flowcharts in an online library integrated with the electronic medical record, communicated expectations that clinicians would use these pathways for every eligible patient, and combined data from multiple sources to understand usage over time.ResultsWe were able to achieve > 75% utilization of eligible protocols ordered through these pathways within two years, with > 90% of individual oncologists having consulted the pathway at least once, despite no requirements or external incentives associated with pathway usage. Feedback from users contributed to improvements and updates to the guidance.ConclusionsBy making our clinical decision support easily accessible and actionable, we find that we have made considerable progress toward our goal of having physicians consult the latest evidence in their treatment decisions.

Employee Motivation in Contemporary Academic Literature: A Narrative Literature Review

Abstract Background Using the correct type of motivation is pivotal in triggering employees’ affirmative work attitudes, such as work performance, job satisfaction, or voluntary retention, ultimately leading to increasing the organization’s overall efficiency. Despite the ongoing academic debate, academics provide practitioners with mixed results on which motivation factors are relevant for targeted employee groups whose needs are under the economic and socio-psychological pressure of the rapidly evolving environment. Elton Mayo was the first to acknowledge these socio-psychological factors as significant motivation drivers almost a century ago. Methods Therefore, the purpose of this paper, using the narrative literature review method (supported by a systematic search strategy) on 83 articles, is to evaluate the research findings on employees’ motivation (related to their affirmative work attitudes) and to unfold the motivation theory’s advancement. Results Key motivation drivers were identified and unified into five motivation sets applicable to different employee groups. The findings also suggest that most academic works, theoretically grounded in classical motivational concepts, are quantitative analysis-based. Conclusion To increase the efficiency of employees’ performance, internal motivation or internalization of external motivation seems to be the best solution. Employees’ “floating” needs call for practitioners to be trained in techniques from psychology.