External Members Research Articles

Web of resonances and possible path of evolution of the small Uranian satellites

Satellite systems around giant planets are immersed in a region of complex resonant configurations. Understanding the role of satellite resonances contributes to comprehending the dynamical processes in planetary formation and posterior evolution. Our main goal is to analyse the resonant structure of small moons around Uranus and propose different scenarios able to describe the current configuration of these satellites. We focus our study on the external members of the regular satellites interior to Miranda, namely Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda, Perdita, Puck, and Mab, respectively. We use N-body integrations to perform dynamical maps to analyse their dynamics and proximity to two-body and three-body mean-motion resonances (MMR). We found a complicated web of low-order resonances amongst them. Employing analytical prescriptions, we analysed the evolution by gas drag and type-I migration in a circumplanetary disc (CPD) to explain different possible histories for these moons. We also model the tidal evolution of these satellites using some crude approximations and found possible paths that could lead to MMRs crossing between pairs of moons. Finally, our simulations show that each mechanism can generate significant satellite radial drift leading to possible resonant capture, depending on the distances and sizes.

Implementation of competence committees during the transition to CBME in Canada: A national fidelity-focused evaluation

Purpose This study evaluated the fidelity of competence committee (CC) implementation in Canadian postgraduate specialist training programs during the transition to competency-based medical education (CBME). Methods A national survey of CC chairs was distributed to all CBME training programs in November 2019. Survey questions were derived from guiding documents published by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada reflecting intended processes and design. Results Response rate was 39% (113/293) with representation from all eligible disciplines. Committee size ranged from 3 to 20 members, 42% of programs included external members, and 20% included a resident representative. Most programs (72%) reported that a primary review and synthesis of resident assessment data occurs prior to the meeting, with some data reviewed collectively during meetings. When determining entrustable professional activity (EPA) achievement, most programs followed the national specialty guidelines closely with some exceptions (53%). Documented concerns about professionalism, EPA narrative comments, and EPA entrustment scores were most highly weighted when determining resident progress decisions. Conclusions Heterogeneity in CC implementation likely reflects local adaptations, but may also explain some of the variable challenges faced by programs during the transition to CBME. Our results offer educational leaders important fidelity data that can help inform the larger evaluation and transformation of CBME.

Ethics in Psychiatric Research.

Ethics in Psychiatric Research.

EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF MS TEAMS IN CONDUCTING WEBINAR: EVIDENCE FROM INTERNATIONAL ONLINE PROGRAM CONDUCTED IN OMAN

The quick adoption of digital platforms in the education sector will always give credit to covid-19. The imposition of lock downs and closure of border as remedial measures forced educational institutes to shift to online platforms for their routine teaching and learning activities. The higher education institutes (HEIs) were found to be more dynamic, as they utilised their online presence in interacting with external members by way of other online activities predominantly webinars. The researchers suggest that online learning will remain to be a vital part of higher education and is going to stay along with other online activities like webinar as it is flexible, accessible, and convenient for the larger section of the students. This study examines the MS team’s platform from the learner’s perspective through technology acceptance model. The 320 responses were gathered from the participants of 22 countries who participated in one-week international webinar organised by two leading HEIs in Oman an online feedback form was analysed through PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 3.3.3. The study aimed to test the degree to which the participants were able to accept MS teams, a popular online learning platform in Oman, as a suitable webinar platform. The results indicate that MS teams is found to be a sufficiently good platform to conduct webinars however, it lags in terms of ease of use or user-friendliness. The study also confirms that attitude towards e-learning influences behavioural intention that subsequently influences the actual use of the platform.

German national survey of lecturers in ophthalmology on student teaching in the 2020/21 corona pandemic

HintergrundDie Corona-Pandemie hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Bedingungen der universitären studentischen Lehre. Durch die pandemiebedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen kamen vielerorts digitale Lehrformate anstatt der bisherigen Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Diese wurde im Sommersemester 2020 durch die Studierenden in bisher vorliegenden Veröffentlichungen teils schon gut angenommen und positiv evaluiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen der Lehrenden in der Augenheilkunde während des Wintersemesters 2020/21 gelegt.MethodikAnhand zweier anonymisierter Befragungen mittels Online-Fragebögen wurden zum einen die Lehrbeauftragten der Augenheilkunde der deutschen Universitätskliniken sowie zum anderen interne und externe Dozierende und Mitarbeitende in der studentischen Lehre der Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Implementierung der digitalen Lehre befragt.ErgebnisseHierbei gaben 95 % der Lehrbeauftragten der Augenkliniken der Universitätskliniken in Deutschland an, spätestens seit der Corona-Pandemie digitale Lehrkonzepte etabliert zu haben. Bei 68 % kamen Hybridformate mit anteiliger Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Es wurden vielfältige Lehrformate angewendet. Hierbei traten auch Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere in der Interaktion mit den Studierenden sowie durch unzureichende technische Ausstattung der Kliniken, auf. Trotz überwiegend digitaler Lehre wurden weiterhin erprobte Prüfungskonzepte in Präsenzform angewendet, nur 18 % der Befragten gaben an, Online-Prüfungen durchgeführt zu haben. Künftig wollen 86 % der Befragten digitale Formate in ihre Lehrkonzepte integrieren und als Ergänzung der bisherigen Präsenzlehre etablieren.DiskussionDie Entwicklung der studentischen Lehre während der Corona-Pandemie kann als Chance für die Gestaltung der zukünftigen Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden in der Augenheilkunde dienen.

Obstacles and Solutions Driving the Development of a National Teleradiology Network.

Background: Teleradiology has the potential to link medical experts and specialties despite geographical separation. In a project report about hospital-based teleradiology, the significance of technical and human factors during the implementation and growth of a teleradiology network are explored. Evaluation: The article identifies major obstacles during the implementation and growth of the teleradiology network of the Berlin Trauma Hospital (BG Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin) between 2004 and 2020 in semi-structured interviews with senior staff members. Quantitative analysis of examination numbers, patient numbers, and profits relates the efforts of the staff members to the monetary benefits and success of the network. Identification of qualitative and quantitative factors for success: Soft and hard facilitators and solutions driving the development of the national teleradiology network are identified. Obstacles were often solved by technical innovations, but the time span between required personal efforts, endurance, and flexibility of local and external team members. The article describes innovations driven by teleradiology and hints at the impact of teleradiology on modern medical care by relating the expansion of the teleradiology network to patient transfers and profits. Conclusion: In addition to technical improvements, interpersonal collaborations were key to the success of the teleradiology network of the Berlin Trauma Hospital and remained a unique feature and selling point of this teleradiology network.

Differential impact of diversity in policy communication

We examine the tone of the internal and external members of India’s Monetary Policy Committee. The tone of the external members’, which place a higher weight on growth relative to inflation, has a greater impact on the bond yields.

Systematized co-creation? Danish municipalities use of temporary committees

One-way Danish municipalities try to facilitate co-creation processes is by establishing the type of committees made possible by the municipal statute section 17, subsection 4. These 17-4 committees do not have formal decision-making power but can be established ad hoc, include member from outside the municipal council, and often seek to work across traditional sector boundaries. For a 17-4 committee to have potential to facilitate co-creation, two criteria must be met: 1) focus must be on developing new policies and solutions, and 2) the committee must include external members from outside the council or municipal administration. A survey among all 98 Danish municipalities shows that eight out of ten municipalities have established one or more 17-4 committees. Most include external members, and many of them focus on developing new policies. In total, two out of three of the committees live up to the above-mentioned criteria. From the viewpoint of the municipalities, the committees help make political decisions more responsive to citizens’ needs and wishes and infuse the political decision-making processes with new knowledge.

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

Audit committee oversight of external audit: an examination of structural power and behavioural tactics

PurposeThis study aims to examine the structural power wielded by the audit committee (AC) and the various bases of its power, whilst also exploring the behavioural tactics used by the AC to leverage its power in the oversight of the external audit. Design/methodology/approachEmpirical evidence was drawn from semi-structured interviews with external auditors and AC members in Malaysia. FindingsThe AC’s structural power is derived from its formal and network position in the organisation. The AC possesses three forms of organisational-based power (legitimate, coercive and informational) resultant from its formal position, and these combine with the AC’s personal power (will and expert). The AC uses its personal power base to develop trusting relationships and to promote the exchange of information with other key corporate governance actors in the network position. Furthermore, the AC applies at least four behavioural tactics (assertiveness, ingratiation, rationality and coalition formation) to exercise its bases of power. Originality/valueThis study attempts to describe the AC’s structural sources of power, its organisational and personal power bases, and the behavioural tactics it uses when exerting its power.

Female Network Opportunities: Reflecting on the Place & Purpose of External Women-Only Networks

In recent decades there has been increasing emphasis placed on the benefit of women-only network opportunities within organizations, finding these environments to foster network strategies and professional outcomes that mitigate for gendered network inequalities. More recently there have been changes occurring in the landscape of External women-only network organizations, providing network opportunities though spaces, events, and socializing outside of traditional workplaces. The impact of these communities on network outcomes is yet to be captured with research. Our paper seeks to add an additional perspective by interviewing member-club and professional-oriented external women-only network members. Further, due to lack of research comparisons between external network organizations and Internal women-only networks, we set out to analyze differences between these networks regarding opportunity, member perception, and career outcomes. Results indicate that professionals engage in external women-only networks as extensions of pre-existing strategies, providing instrumental and expressive network benefits simultaneously. Additionally, external women-only network experiences are found to differ from internal networks in structure, ideology, and member diversity. Our paper provides encouraging feedback on the impact of external women-only network membership and takes the first step in using research to highlight differences between internal and external women-only networks to the benefit of all associated stakeholders.

The role of emotions in the selection of family external top management team members in family firms

Family firms often face the challenge of staffing their top management team with people from outside the owner family. This decision-making process can evoke numerous emotions, involves different dynamics and is crucial for the long-term success of the organization. Using a qualitative research design involving 19 Swiss family businesses and interviews with executive search professionals, we investigate how family businesses select non-family top management team (TMT) members. The selection process is organized as a funnel and ends in selecting the candidate with the highest fit and highest level of trustworthiness. In the TMT member selection process, emotions become increasingly important over time. The owner family influences different points in the process, controls it and integrates a family effect, especially by integrating emotions.

How MNE Subsidiaries Handle Conflicts Between Internal and External Networks

MNE subsidiaries can leverage resources from internal and external networks. However, they often struggle with conflicting requirements from internal and external networks. We still have very limited knowledge regarding how subsidiaries can handle the conflicts. Through an in-depth case study of an MNE subsidiary, I found that the subsidiary handled three types of conflicts; the subsidiary adopted three type- specific mechanisms and two non-type-specific mechanisms; and these mechanisms were used for two different processes. This study reveals a sophisticated way of handling the conflicts by MNE subsidiaries while maintaining the relationships with internal and external network members.

Legitimacy Evaluations of Organizational Configurations: Does Hybrid Form or Logic Content Matter

Hybridity scholarship has considered the various effects of organizational hybridity, including evaluations from external audience members. We theorize and test whether hybrids organizations that blends a charity and business logic are penalized because the blended logics reduce evaluators’ perceived cognitive legitimacy of the organization. We also test whether the organization’s presence of the market logic is a reason it is penalized, mediated by decreased moral legitimacy. We borrow economic sociology’s moral markets scholarship to hypothesize two dimensions of moral il-legitimacy; the diminishment of social welfare and the contamination of something sacred. In a 2x2 online experiment, participants read about a health care organization that is randomly presented as a for-profit core hybrid, a for-profit business, a nonprofit core hybrid or a nonprofit organization. We find the presence of market logic decreases pragmatic legitimacy, mediated through social welfare diminishing (and not contaminating) moral il-legitimacy. In other words, we find evidence that logic content matters. We conclude with our contributions to hybridity scholarship.

Peranan Kelompok Sosial Dalam Membentuk Perilaku Keagamaan Santri SMP Pondok Pesantren Muhammadiyah Boarding School Sleman Yogyakarta

<p><em>This research amis to obtain information on: (1) Students’ interaction in social groups, (2) roles of social groups in shaping students’ religious behaviour at SMP (Junior High School) MBS Sleman Yogyakarta, (3) students’ religious behaviour resulted from the roles of social groups in shaping their behaviour.</em></p><p><em>This research is a descriptive qualitative study conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah Boarding School Sleman Yogyakarta. The data Wet collected using observation, interview, and documentation.</em></p><p><em>The dinding show that: (1) The interaction of nasheed group is divided into and invovelment stage.the interaction among internal and external members have been included in the contact (introduction) stage, while the involvement stage is only found in the interaction of internal nasheed group. (2) The role among nasheed members, in addition to their roles in improving their singing ability, are also used to facilitate them in improving their spirit of spirituality through organized religious agenda. (3) The nasheed group gives positive impacts to its members in some dimensional namely faith, worship, and practice. The positive impacts in religious dimension for its members are found in their mental and mind development, emotion development, social consideration, moral development as well as attitudde and interest Development. </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Social Group, Religious Behaviour, Students </em></strong></p>

Methodological Proposal for Recognition Systems in Sustainable Freight Transport

Establishing a recognition system for sustainable freight transport is a process of change that requires the commitment of those involved and application of good practices. The pressures from consumers and competitors do not allow greater engagement with economic, social, and environmental aspects, and the maintenance stages require a long-term effort to obtain credibility, because the participation of external members of society in the evaluation contributes to reduce the influences and uncertainties of the recognition criterion. In light of the difficulties of establishing a green supply chain, we propose a method with multiple approaches with an emphasis on fuzzy logic. The purpose is to reduce the indecision of judgment, to debug the qualitative variables and to reduce interference from competitors. The procedure was applied to six companies that have carbon reduction programs, but we found that firms with a core business in transport had greater success in the transition to low carbon operations than contractors or shippers. The certification levels allowed visual contact between consumers and the company, making it possible to monitor sustainability actions in freight transportation operations and the competitiveness to achieve higher labeling levels.

Understanding decisions about antibiotic prescribing in ICU: an application of the Necessity Concerns Framework

BackgroundAntibiotics are extensively prescribed in intensive care units (ICUs), yet little is known about how antibiotic-related decisions are made in this setting. We explored how beliefs, perceptions and contextual factors...

Society on board? External board members and the embedding of Swedish higher education organizations in society, 1998–2016

ABSTRACT Boards in higher education organizations (HEOs) play multiple roles. While they govern, boards are also expected to embed HEOs in society. Indeed, recent higher education reforms in Europe have emphasized the embedding role of HEO boards more than their governing role. But, although these reforms are widespread, we still know little about the ways in which boards are affected by ambitions of embedding HEOs. The aim of our paper is to explore how such ambitions are expressed through HEO board nominations and compositions. We address this aim by turning to Sweden, whose higher education system has, during the past three decades, undergone recurrent reforms that emphasize the embedding role of boards at public HEOs. Our study builds on a longitudinal dataset of external HEO board members’ positions, employers, and simultaneous board seats, collected for 1998, 2007, and 2016 so as to accompany Swedish reforms. We find that external board members, over time, embedded HEOs in expanding and sprawling networks of ties to organizations from the public, private, and civil society sectors. Our findings push the literature beyond its focus on private sector ties by showing how governmental reforms lead HEOs to embed among public and civil society organizations as well.

A Way Out for School Organization Based on the Star Model

This paper attempts to redesign the organization of a school based on Jay Galbraith’s Star Model framework. The analysis on challenges that may pose threat to the school’s development in future reveals the imperative of the school to adopt a “FLIP” strategy to adapt to and survive in the society instead of falling into the pattern of slow death. To implement the strategy and make it effective, three capabilities are identified as the core competency so as to fulfill the objectives presented in the strategy. The redesign of the structure of the school is featured by two key new additional offices (the school committee and the organization development intervention center) which respectively function to handle multilateral relationships among internal and external members of the school and to provide 360° interventions to reduce conflicts and inspire learning in the organization. The reward system is designed to facilitate performance management and joint efforts among all staff members based on the recognition of everyone’s contribution so that people are motivated to well communicate and collaborate with each other for a better working climate of learning and growing.

The effect of supply chain quality management on supply chain performance: the indirect roles of supply chain agility and innovation

PurposeThe current study seeks to investigate how supply chain quality management (SCQM) and supply chain agility (SCA) and innovation (SCI) have an impact on supply chain performance (SCP) and how SCQM affects SCP through the mediating role of SCA and SCI capabilities.Design/methodology/approachIn line with the research objective, a quantitative model was applied, and a multi-item survey questionnaire was developed to collect primary data. A random sample of 284 manufacturing firms belonging to different industries was used. The measurement model was assessed for validity and reliability, and satisfactory levels of these tests were demonstrated. Research hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results of the current study have significant implications in regard to the further improvement of SCP through SCQM. The study also found that SCQM plays a key role across the entire SC network in facilitating and developing SCA and SCI capabilities. The remarkable findings of the current study revealed the indirect effect of SCQM on SCP through SCA and SCI. These results broaden the work of previous studies which identified the positive effects of SCQM on performance by providing meaningful insights into SCQM's role in promoting SCA and SCI capabilities, which, in turn, further improves SCP.Originality/valueThis study addresses a gap in the literature concerning the effect of SCQM on SCP. In addition, it is the first study, to the best of the researchers' knowledge, to explore the role of two major SC capabilities, namely, SCA and SCI on the SCQM–SCP relationship. Moreover, the present study addresses a questionable issue in the literature regarding practices that conceptualize SCQM. Several studies confuse SCQM practices with internal quality management (QM) practices. This study defines SCQM as consisting of collaborative QM practices with external SC members and proposes five related practices for measuring SCQM.