External Labor Migration Research Articles

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

The study of some indicators of the components of socio-economic development of the region on the example of Vinnytsia region, namely production, financial, demographic, scientific and technical, social, environmental. It is stated that the provision of socio-economic development of the territorial community is realized through the financial content of the social sphere at the expense of own municipal funds and subsidies from the state budget. The assessment of expenditures proves that the social protection of the Vinnytsia region ensures compliance with the constitutional guarantees of citizens. The studied indicators of the Vinnytsia region prove that the socio-economic development of the community is aimed at ensuring the statutory guarantees of social protection of citizens, as well as streamlining the existing system of municipal assistance, benefits and compensation. One of the most successful system technologies that allows you to assess the impact of external and internal factors is a SWOT-analysis. The results of the SWOT analysis make it possible to assess the ability to withstand threats, as well as to overcome internal shortcomings. Thus, the internal factors of socio-economic development of the Vinnytsia region are dominated by strengths. With regard to agriculture and industry, the situation in the region is currently exacerbated by a shortage of skilled labor, namely, specialists in engineering and manufacturing. External labor migration increases the risk of further development of the labor industry. Declared indicators of socio-economic development of the territorial community are considered in terms of a set of different social and economic goals, rational and reasonable use of municipal and state financial resources. The given separate indicators characterizing social and economic development of territorial community allow to define acceptability of conditions for life and development of the person, social and economic stability of community. Changes in social and economic indicators under the influence of internal factors are the basis for the formation of qualitative socio-economic development of the region and the state as a whole.

THE REGULATORY SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

In the context of globalization, all world economies unite, interact and develop in a single system of production. However, the world economy largely depends on the formation and development of the world labor market. Thus, migration is one of the main mechanisms and factors affecting individual countries and the world economy as a whole. With the intensification of globalization processes, the demand for staff of different levels of qualification in the labor market is met by the supply of workers, regardless of the country in which they live. This phenomenon leads to international labor migration. Despite the fact that the migration of highly qualified personnel leads to intellectual decline and lack of educated population in the country from which workers migrate. Instead, the uncontrolled migration of low-skilled personnel in the host country can lead to a sharp rise in unemployment among the local population, criminal offenses, social discontent of citizens, which will negatively affect the authority of the state in the world. Therefore, the study of the system of regulation of migration processes and the introduction of ways to improve it will help harmonize the socio-economic situation in the world and make migration more profitable and safe for countries and its citizens. The article reflects the main modern trends in international migration processes: the directions of external labor migration, the scale of the departure of labor migrants to different countries, determined the reasons for such tendencies. In the course of the research, the methods by which these processes are regulated to improve the economies of countries and the safety of labor migrants are considered. The article also describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mobility of Ukrainian citizens and methods of overcoming the consequences of this impact. The activities described in the article related to migration and population mobility will mitigate the long-term impact of the pandemic, help strengthen the protection of Ukrainian citizens abroad, as well as expand the opportunities for their socio-economic integration into local communities.

The Influence of migration on the financial circulation in the economy of Ukraine

The article deals with the migration processes and their financial influence on the Economy of Ukraine. The changes in the character of the external labor migration of the population in Ukraine are defined. The main reasons that caused external labor migration in Ukraine from 2010 to 2019 are investigated. The remittances to Ukraine from the most popular migration countries and the influence of situational regulation of the government on external labor migration problems are analyzed.

Transformation of processes of external labor migration during the spread of the COVID-19 infection

The article deals with the impact of external labor migration on the balance of the labor market in the Russian Federation. The main emphasis is placed on the need to monitor the migration situation and taking timely "migration" measures by the Government of the Russian Federation based on its results. The migration component is presented in strategic planning documents and correlated with the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. At this moment, against the background of the current unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the Government of the Russian Federation is taking a number of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including those in the field of migration. The article analyzes the current measures preventing departure of labor migrants staying in the Russian Federation and other categories of foreign citizens who have arrived for the purposes other than work in the "shadow sector" of the labor market. It shows the present state of external labor migration by analyzing statistical and informational data, as well as possible risks in the implementation of social and labor relations. Sectors of the economy have been identified that may experience a shortage of labor resources as a result of the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Dependence of the sphere of external labor migration on macroeconomic, international and political factors is stated. Particular attention in the article is paid to the institute of highly qualified specialists (HQS). The need was expressed to improve the procedure for attracting foreign citizens to work on the territory of the Russian Federation as HQS, to set additional criteria for their selection, to introduce an advance payment of income tax on HQS and to increase employers' liability for violation of the established procedure in this area, including the need to diversify control mechanisms for employers who attract foreign citizens as highly qualified specialists.

The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

Ukrainian

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the tendencies of external labor migration from Ukraine. The relevance of the work is due to the limited analytical research on population migration during the pandemic. Until the beginning of 2020, changes in the formation of external labor migration flows occurred mainly under the infl uence of the internal situation in the country and the transformation of Ukraine’s political relations with certain foreign countries, but under COVID-19, the trends of external labor migration from Ukraine have changed radically for reasons independent of the socio-economic situation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to assess the changes in the scale of labor migration due to COVID-19 and to determine the prospects for external labor migration of Ukrainians. Relevant analytical developments became the basis for the formation of recommendations for adjusting the migration policy of Ukraine in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The novelty of the study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the parameters of external labor migration from Ukraine and to assess probable perspective future transformations of migration trends. Abstract-logical and systema tic approaches, the method of expert assessments are used in the study. The analysis of the migration situation in Ukraine in recent years is carried out, the latest changes in the directions and scales of external labor migration are identifi ed. The tendencies of international population movement aft er the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. Prospects for external migration of the population of Ukraine are determined. The future of this process will depend on the pace of economic recovery in Europe and the world at large and the local demand for labor from other countries. It is probable that the employment structure of Ukrainian labor migrants will change by type of activity: migrants who were not employed in agriculture before the pandemic will not resume work so soon, and those who remained in the recipient countries will try to fi nd employment in agriculture and related activities. The geography of working trips will also change, and a new reorientation of some migrants is probable — from Eastern Europe to Western Europe, especially Germany and the United Kingdom, which are far ahead of traditional Ukrainian employment countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and even Italy) in terms of wages. A key element of the policy of keeping some migrants in Ukraine is a radical non-declarative change in the state’s attitude to small and medium-sized businesses. It is necessary to involve representatives of small and medium business to public policy, including policy of withdrawal from quarantine, business support. Eff ective business support programs should also be implemented, in particular following the example of EU countries. For those migrants who, even under the best conditions, are not interested in starting a business in Ukraine, a strategy is needed to ensure that, on the one hand, these people are not lost to Ukraine, and on the other hand, to get the most out of working with the diaspora. This will help both to improve the situation in the economy and to improve the image and strengthen Ukraine’s infl uence in the world.

The Labyrinth of Employment and Social Rights in the EU Intra-Corporate Transfer Directive

Directive 2014/66/EU on Intra-Corporate Transfer regulates the temporary secondment of key personnel and trainees from third countries to the Member States of the EU. It is part of the EU external labour migration policy and aims at facilitating this policy by setting up harmonised conditions for admission, residence and work of these migrants, including the right to move and work in another Member State. This article analyses the role and meaning of the provisions in this Directive relating to the employment and social security rights of intra-corporate transferees. They are the result of cumbersome negotiations and the compromises that were reached are ambiguously and inconsistently formulated. First, this article will highlight the relevance of the worker’s employment position for determining the scope of this Directive. Next, it will analyse the role of employment and social security rights in the implementation of the Directive by the Member States. These rights are relevant as criteria for admission, as grounds for rejection of an application, as grounds for withdrawal or non-renewal of an ICT permit and as conditions for short-term and long-term mobility within the EU. Subsequently, this article will scrutinise, in detail, the provisions of Article 18 of the Directive which guarantee equal treatment with the nationals of the host State in respect of employment and social security rights. Special attention will be paid to the interrelationship of this Directive with other EU legal instruments such as the Posting of Workers Directive, the Rome I Regulation and social security Regulation 883/2004. It concludes that the complicated and contradictorily worded provisions on employment and social security rights in this Directive reflect the ambiguity in the perception of the status of this type of migrant worker coming from a third country: are they to be considered as temporary workers or do they really participate in the labour market of the host Member States?

International cooperation in the investigation of crimes in the field of employment abroad

The article considers the issues of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes in the field of employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad. An analysis of the main international legal acts ratified by Ukraine on the regulation of the activities of authorized entities in the field of external labor migration. It is emphasized that external labor migration is directly related to aspects of interstate cooperation, as the vast majority of permits for employment of citizens abroad are issued through the relevant foreign diplomatic missions. The legal aspects of the interaction of authorized bodies in the course of international cooperation are studied, attention is paid to certain features of the formation of such requests and the formulation of questions in them. And crimes committed in the employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad often have group characteristics of criminal activity, even transnational in nature and are mostly related to human trafficking and their successful investigation is impossible without proper cooperation and international cooperation of relevant law enforcement agencies. The author has concluded that today in Ukraine there are no theoretical and scientifically substantiated and practically tested methodological developments on the methodology of investigation of crimes committed on employment abroad. It is possible to improve the effectiveness of the investigation of crimes committed in the field of employment abroad, to more successfully counter these phenomena and to protect the citizens of Ukraine from criminal encroachments on external labor migration in the field of employment abroad, provided participants in the provision of such international assistance and authorized entities for the effective implementation of international cooperation, taking into account the specifics of these crimes.

International Migration as a Factor of Social and Economic Development of Russia

Purpose of research. The article examines the human potential of the Russian Federation in the context of the established second wave of the demographic crisis. The article analyzes the state of the number, composition and structure of the population of the Russian Federation during the first (1992–2012) and second demographic crisis (2016 and up to the present), taking into account the factors of population reproduction (birth rate and mortality) and migration inflows to the country. Factors and causes of external migration with the CIS countries are identified, as they have been and remain the main donors for replenishing the population of the Russian Federation. On the basis of analytical indicators of dynamics and methods of statistical relationships, an assessment of external migration growth and its impact on the country's economy is carried out. Special attention is paid to measures taken at the state level to stabilize and improve migration problems.Materials and methods. The information base of the study is statistical data and analytical information on external migration flows, based on statistical surveys conducted in the country. The methodological basis of the research is represented by statistical methods of information analysis: comparative analysis, structural and dynamic analysis, analysis of the interrelationships of migration and economic indicators.Results. The article analyzes in detail the results of current events in the country during periods of demographic decline and population growth since 1992. Due to the demographic policy implemented in the country, as well as the peculiarities of the age and gender structure of the population, it is proved that the main component for population growth is still the migration inflow. Special attention is paid to external labor migration in recent years. The impact of migration growth on economic indicators (unemployment rate, real wages, index of physical volume of GDP) and the development of the economy as a whole are estimated. Also, on the scale of the State National Policy Strategy being implemented until 2025, state measures to stabilize and improve the situation in the field of migration policy are presented and analyzed.Conclusion. Due to the fact that migration policy is a defining component of demographic policy, which is currently one of the priorities of the state's development, it is advisable to regularly study external migration as one of the most important sources of replenishment of human capital and hence the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the government of the Russian Federation should pay special attention to measures to attract foreign highly qualified labor force in active working age; providing foreign students who have successfully completed their studies and defended their diplomas in Russian universities with the opportunity to find a job in our country in order to obtain Russian citizenship and create a family in Russia. As well as carrying out regular monitoring studies on adaptation of foreign citizens, taking into account regional peculiarities of development of economy of our country, because today in the conditions of demographic decline of the Russian population it is one of the main sources of economic development on the geopolitical level, as labor potential – a basis for national economic growth.

Трудова міграція в Закарпатті (на основі опитування студентів)

The article is devoted to the research and analysis of the migratory moods of students of higher education institutions during studies as an important factor of their life prospects. In recent years, Central and Eastern Europe has been experiencing particularly acute problem of labor migration processes that are going in one direction. Young working population is leaving the country and is not coming back. It should be noted that such a vector of economic migration is always directed from the periphery towards the center, and from developing to more economically developed countries. At present, there is an intensification of migration processes in the world, and these processes increasingly involve the population with high level of human capital (people with university and post-university education). In the scientific literature, this process is referred to as "elite migration" and implies mass migration of highly skilled professionals, which is associated with an increase in the role of multinational corporations and, consequently, a decrease in the role of the national economy in the global economy.Countries that are interested in "brain gain" and know their economic cost are pursuing an active and purposeful migration policy to attract highly qualified specialists from developing countries. The purpose of the article is to carry of the migratory moods of higher education institutions in Central and Eastern Europe as an important factor of their life prospects. Because of the special political, social and economic situation in Ukraine caused by the conflicts in the Eastern regions of the country and the economic crisis the study puts more emphasis on Ukraine. According to expert estimates, migration of individuals with high level of social capital is determined not only by social and economic problems that are characteristic of countries in a transitional economy, but also by political and sometimes cultural factors. Often, the migration of the social elite is a response to the systemic crisis that these countries are experiencing in the process of democratic formation. Facade democratic regime, the general inefficiency of the economy, the decline in the level of culture and education in society, as well as the lack of clear prospects, all become push-factors that determine the departure of such individuals. We characterized the migratory moods in the context of possible emigration, identified and compared the prerequisites and motives of the students‟ paid and volunteer work, as well as found the connection between the students' field of study and their type of work. Based on the results of the research, we can state that the respondents' professional plans are directed towards external labor migration, which will negatively affect the economic development of the regions due to the loss of promising workforce.

Methodical Aspects of Indirect Assessment of Household Incomes in Determining the Eligibility for Government Social Support

In present-day Ukraine, a large number of families and individuals are beneficiaries of programs for social support of the population. Economic and political crises, reforms in tariff and social policies, added by the pandemic of coronavirus infection in the latest time, result in the worsening life standards of a considerable share of the population in certain periods of time. In was in 2015–2018 that in some of the quite populated localities social programs covered as many as 70% of the population. This triggered a respective growth in the social support from the central and local budgets. Such situation aggravated the problem of targeting of the government social support, decreasing the number of cases when a social aid is assigned in an improper or baseless manner, and the scopes of fraud in this sphere.
 One of the ways for reforming the system of social support in the present days is to adopt the method of assigning all the categories of support with consideration of incomes and property status of applicants. The property status of families or individuals can be quite accurately measured given the access to the registers containing data on houses, land plots, transport vehicles etc. either possessed or disposed by them. However, given a high level of employment in the informal sector, large scales of the shadow economy and external labor migration, assessment of the actual income level of families constitutes a serious problem. Quite often the stated incomes do not correspond with actual ones, and applicants do not have stimuli to disclose their real life standards. 
 The article’s objective is to expose a methodological approach to operational assessment of potential incomes of applicants and recipients of social support. Approaches based on statistical models of correlation between life standards and sets of households’ or individuals’ characteristics have been constructed and used in many developing countries where the conditions for formation of the population incomes are similar to the ones in Ukraine. The article highlights methodological foundations for building up the models for operational assessment of the population income, with due account to issues of information support to modeling and use of income assessment results. Examples of computations by the proposed models are given.

Condition, Regional Disparity And Strategic Priorities Of Providing Technological Competitiveness Of Ukraine's Economy

The proper role and high importance of regional peculiarity of innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТРУДОВОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ РЕФОРМ

Розкрито проблему масової міграції трудових ресурсів з України за кордон в умовах сучасних реформ, які супроводжуються високим рівнем безробіття, посиленням соціальної напруги і зростанням диференціації рівня життя населення. Досліджено особливості міграції трудових ресурсів в інші країни і виявлено чинники, які стимулюють цей процес в Україні. Акцентовано на проблемі міграції висококваліфікованих кадрів та обгрунтовано різницю цілей і причин виїзду високо- та низькокваліфікованих кадрів. У першому варіанті це перспектива користування якісними інституціями, кар’єрного розвитку і відчуття безпеки; у другому — заробіток. Визначено та охарактеризовано основні тенденції, характерні процесові зовнішньої трудової міграції з України в умовах сьогодення. Серед результатів особливостей міграції українців за кордон упродовж останніх років визначено такі: переважна більшість мігрантів — це представники найпростіших професій і кваліфіковані працівники з інструментом; існує активна участь молоді в міграційних процесах і зростання ризику їх неповернення у зв’язку з відсутністю та низькою сформованістю низки соціальних зв’язків. Сьогодні спостерігається зниження строку перебування мігрантів за кордоном. Це свідчить про зростання циркулярної міграції та знову акцентує на проблемі неефективності політики у сфері зайнятості в Україні.

The data science tools for research of emigration processes in Ukraine

The process of world globalization, labor, and academic mobility, the visa-free regime with the EU countries have caused a significant revival of migration processes in Ukraine. However, there is still the research gap in the most informative, and, at the same time, accurate method of the assessment and forecasting of the migration flows. Thus, the object of research is migration processes (mostly emphasizing the emigration flows). The motives, causes of emigration processes, and their relationship with the economic state were analyzed. The impact factors of external labor migration on the economy of the host countries were revealed, particularly the negative and positive impacts of emigration on the socio-economic situation in Ukraine and the migration attitude of Ukrainians were assessed.The main result of study is further development of the econometric model for forecasting the number of emigrants from Ukraine to other countries in the nearest future. The model considers the factors of minimum wage lavel in Ukraine, the number of open vacancies in the countries of Eastern Europe, and the level of competition for jobs. According to the results of forecasting based on Maple computer algebra system and Microsoft Power BI analytical platform, by the end of 2019, the number of emigrants from Ukraine supposed to be the largest in the last four years and to reach the estimates in the range from 2,444 to 2,550 million people, which may indicate a new third wave of emigration processes.

Trends and Characteristics of the Migration From Ukraine to Poland: The Aspect of Rural Areas and Conclusion for State Migration Policy

The authors describe modern global migration trends in Europe and in particular in Poland. The problems and risks for the functioning and development of rural areas of Poland during the strengthening of emigration attitudes and internal mobility of the population are identified. The aspects of the Ukrainian migration as a resource for levelling labour-deficit trends in the Polish labour market are substantiated. The official data of the Office for Foreigners in Poland, the Central Statistical Office, the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy, the Department of Statistics of the National Bank of Poland, individual organisations for the study of migration between the Ukraine and Poland are presented and the growing volumes and the scale of external labour migration of Ukrainians to Poland are stated (it is shown that today there are about 1.3 million Ukrainians in Poland, which at about 3.5% of the population is a significant value); key changes in the qualitative and structural characteristics of migration are shown. The main parameters of permanent and labour migration of Ukrainians to rural areas in Poland are characterised. An important conclusion is that, despite still low volumes, there are positive trends and the structural characteristics of Ukrainian emigration to rural areas of Poland are improving. The results of the analysis of the quantitative characteristics of Ukrainian labour migration are presented in the context of their employment in types of Poland’s economic activity such as agriculture,forestry, fishery and hunting. The authors determine features and problematic aspects of this migration. The recommendations regarding the development of joint Ukrainian-Polish practices and regulatory and guidance provisions, as well as the priority tools of migration policy, focused on meeting the socio-economic interests of both countries, are justified.

General Characteristics and Regional Differences of Migration Processes in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period

Based on the analysis of statistical data, the results of a comprehensive assessment of migration processes in the Russian Far East, including the dynamics of nonreturn migration, as well as internal and external labor migration, are presented. This paper analyzes regional features of the dynamics of migration processes in the Russian Far East in the post-Soviet period (1992–2016). Whereas migration turnover in the Far East before 1997 was marked by the largest share of migrants that moved within Russia, excluding Far Eastern regions, it has been determined that from 2000 to the present, the share of migrants within the Far East exceeds the total share of migrations outside this macroregion and international migrants. Analysis of internal labor migration highlights the leading role of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the share of the economically active population engaged in labor activity outside the region of residence. The study of the dynamics and territorial structure of international labor migration for the period covering 2010–2015 reflects the loss of the Far East’s leading positions in the number of attracted labor immigrants, including from China, among the Russian federal districts. It has been found that immigrants engaged in labor activity involving patents predominate in most Far Eastern regions. The study of migration policy from 2013 to 2017 has led to a conclusion about the opposing approaches at the federal and regional levels to attract immigrants to the labor market in Far Eastern regions.

Влияние трансформации социокультурных факторов на процессы внешней трудовой миграции Узбекистана

Влияние трансформации социокультурных факторов на процессы внешней трудовой миграции Узбекистана

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ НАСЛІДКИ МІГРАЦІЇ ТРУДОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ УКРАЇНИ ТА МЕХАНІЗМ ЇХ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

In the article the modern factors influencing the migration movement of economically active population of Ukraine are highlighted. Mechanisms of state regulation of migration processes are investigated. The purpose and tasks of the state administration bodies in this field are determined. The structure of a comprehensive mechanism for regulating external migration, the place and role of authorities, international non-governmental organizations, research institutions in studying the causes and forecasting the consequences of territorial redistribution of labor resources have been clarified. Attention is drawn to the problematic issues that result from the formation of powerful labor migration flows. Тhe statistics of the main indicators, that affect labor migration, the relationship of regulatory optimization is characterized and migration policy, as well as the impact of regulatory policy on Ukraine's economic development strategy labor migration. The experience of state bodies, public and international non-governmental organizations in regulating the processes of labor migration in Ukraine and abroad is generalized, forms and means of coordination of their actions and deepening of cooperation are proposed. The causes of the process of external labor migration have been identified. The analysis of the migration movement in the regions of Ukraine is carried out, the attention is paid to the professional abilities of Ukrainians by age and gender, who leave the territory of the country in search of work, and sometimes permanent residence. Attention is drawn to the negative and positive aspects of migration processes. The economic, social and demographic consequences of the migration movement of the population are studied as an important component of the socio-economic development of the country. The legislative base of the state migration policy is analyzed, trends and ways of improving the mechanisms of state regulation of external migration are determined, practical recommendations are formulated, regarding its organizational and economic - administrative support. Advantages and disadvantages of labor flow overseas are identified. The solutions are suggested for solving these problems.

Strategic priorities to ensure technological competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy

The relevance of the technological competitiveness of the national economy at the present stage of Ukraine's socio-economic development is grounded. The purpose of the article is to justify strategic priorities for the technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The study uses a scientific method of analysis and synthesis to justify the strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy of technological competitiveness strengthening. The principles of state policy to ensure the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined. The purpose of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the national economy is defined as strengthening of external and internal technological competitiveness through the development of internal competition and strengthening of production competitiveness on the basis of advanced technological innovations and information technologies, systemic support of elements of innovation infrastructure, formation, and realization of intellectual and human resources potential of technological economic development. The paper shows that modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is formed in conditions of the modern challenges of global competition, namely the influence of global crises and financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion through globalization processes, development of information economy; pressure of the country's debt obligations; the growth of import dependence; high external labor migration activity; disruption of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities of regional development. The strategic priorities of state policy for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined: intensification of technological development of economy, growth of the general level of innovation activity, formation of the competitive intellectual property market, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of the resource provision of innovation activity.

РОЛЬ И МЕСТО ВНЕШНЕЙ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ В СТРУКТУРЕ ИНОСТРАННОЙ РАБОЧЕЙ СИЛЫ

The article is based on the study results of the role of labor migrants from the post-Soviet countries in meeting the needs of Russian households in different services. The aim of the work is to analyze the structure of national contingents and the specifics of the services provided by labor migrants from specific CIS countries. The author used statistical and sociological methods of data analysis and a comparative analysis of data from various statistical sources on the problems of labor migration in Russia. The empirical base of the study is the second sample survey in the Rosstat modern history “Results of sample statistical observation of migrant labor. 2019", and the comparison with official statistics. Along with the introduction of previously unused data from a large-scale study conducted by Rosstat into scientific circulation, the author reveals the specifics of the sectoral distribution of immigrants from nine post-Soviet countries. The author concludes that the significant concentration of labor migrants in a certain range of industries providing services to households (i.e., actually to the population) mainly includes construction and repairs, cleaning, various types of agricultural work and transport services. Employment in other sectors is less widespread, which largely correlates with the professional and qualification structure of labor migrants. National preferences for employment in certain sectors are also observed. The author analyses the features of hiring migrants both by households and by members of households as entrepreneurs. It was revealed that the latter attract a limited number of labor migrants, since they are, first of all, individual entrepreneurs representing small and microenterprises. The study results may be of further use to federal and regional executive bodies responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of regulation of external labor migration flows, open up prospects for more reliable forecasting of the balance of supply and demand for foreign labor.