External Form Research Articles

“Pseudo-Contracted” Workers as a Means of Bypassing Labour Law in Greece

The aim of this article is to investigate two external flexible forms of employment—the leasing of workers through Temporary Work Agencies (TWAs) and the contracted workers employed through Business Service Providers (contractors). Undoubtedly, these two forms of employment are complex and often give rise to confusion. First, this article reviews the characteristics of these types of workers and the operation of these businesses. Second, it presents the results of a mixed method of empirical research (quantitative and qualitative) regarding contracted workers. Our sample was 365 contracted workers from the cities of Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras, Greece. In particular, quantitative research is conducted using a methodology called RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling) that is innovative in the field of labour economics and labour relations. Some significant findings of our qualitative research are used to improve, extend, and interpret the quantitative results. Our research proves that contracted workers, who are employed at the premises of the banks, are leased workers, and the contracting undertakings usually operate unlawfully as TWAs. Our research proves that Banks in Greece are using “pseudo-contracting” to circumvent the European Directive 2008/104/EC and the Greek Laws 4052/2012 and 4254/2014, both of which provide institutional protection to workers leased through TWAs. In more detail, the relevant European Directive and the Greek Law 4052/2012 provide salary equality and equal labour rights for the leased workers in Greece and the EU, when they share the same qualifications as the permanent employees of the user undertakings. The employers’ aim in adopting this policy is mainly to pay lower salaries to contracted workers, who in practice have the characteristics of leased workers.

Когнитивно-стилистический аспект выдвижения окказиональных слов как средств лексической девиации в поэтическом тексте

The article presents a cognitive stylistic analysis of occasionalisms (nonce words) as tools of lexical deviation in the text of the poem “First Day at School” by the modern English poet R. McGough. According to the methodology developed for analyzing foregrounding devices, examples of occasionalisms in a text reflect the processes occurring both at its surface and deep (cognitive) levels. In this regard, occasionalisms are viewed through the prism of the interconnectedness of their external attractive and implicit conceptual features, which help reflect the cognitive stylistic features of the foregrounding process. Occasionalisms confirm that the individual authorial specificity of lexical deviation is manifested on the basis of the interaction and complementarity of a non-standard external linguistic form and the activation of cognitive processes and mechanisms. The research results indicate that lexical deviations (occasionalisms) as the effective foregrounding devices are determined by the cognitive principles underlying their formation and projection of mental spaces, which provide the breadth and depth of cognitive structures’ representation and their key role in creating attractive (stylistic) potential of the foregrounding process as a whole.

Methods of Teaching Certain Academic Disciplines to Higher Education Students in Wartime Conditions

The article highlights the experience of Ukraine's education system in the extreme conditions of war. The peculiarity of this period is the need to combine the fulfillment of important tasks that stretch back to the past and require their logical completion with the current tasks caused by the war. As a result of continuous, bloody hostilities and air bombardment, civilian critical infrastructure, premises of higher education institutions were damaged and destroyed, educational and research equipment was lost; there were significant losses of teachers and students who were forced to move to safer regions of the country and abroad. The war continues. The educational process has completely stopped. However, this is unacceptable. It is necessary to continue training specialists for the national economy, the security and defense sector, and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Taken together, all of this has determined the need to substantiate a universal methodology for teaching certain academic disciplines to higher education students in wartime. The article analyzes modern publications on the topic of the study. The article highlights the unresolved aspects of developing the theoretical foundations of advanced teaching of certain academic disciplines to students. The existing decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, namely the models of organization of education: full-time, distance, mixed and individual forms (external or family form), unfortunately, do not solve the problem of organizing education during air raid. The author proposes to base the methodology of teaching certain academic disciplines to higher education students in wartime on advanced learning. To do this, the main lecture topics are given by the teacher before the start of studying them in the program. The proposed solution has successfully passed field tests and ensured the safety of students' lives. Advance learning is effective both when studying a topic that is difficult to understand and when studying a topic that is closely related to other disciplines that have been studied before.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF PERICARP OF JUGLANS NIGRA L.

Relevance. Both highly active pharmaceutical substances and excipients can be target products for the complex processing of medicinal plant raw materials. For example, naphthoquinones are used as antimicrobal, antifunginal and polysaccharides are used as fillers, thickeners, and sorbents. Fruits, roots, and waste from the wood processing industry serve as raw material sources of polysaccharides. The development of low-waste technologies for processing medicinal plant raw materials is a current area of research. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the possibility of complex processing of black walnut pericarp with the production of biologically active and auxiliary substances using low-waste technology based on phytochemical research. Material and methods. The object of study is the pericarp of Juglans nigra L. (Juglandaceae). The raw materials were collected in October 2021 in a park in Pyatigorsk. It was dried and crushed into powder. Naphthoquinones (juglone and its derivatives) were detected by thin layer chromatography. The content of naphthoquinones was determined by spectrophotometry, extractives released by chloroform, polysaccharides by gravimetry, the average molecular weight of water-soluble polysaccharides by viscometry, the surface activity of water-soluble polysaccharides by stalagmometry, and the distribution coefficient of polysaccharides in the diethyl ether-water system by conductometry. Results. The possibility of obtaining two products in one technological process is justified by the results of experiments: 1) active pharmaceutical substance (yield 1.5%) for obtaining external forms (ointments, creams) with antifungal, antiviral activity, containing naphthoquinones (naphthoquinones in terms of juglone 12.41±0.3%); 2) excipients polysaccharides (yield 8.8%), whose molecules have a thread-like structure, which explains their good solubility in water, surface activity and polyelectrolyte properties. Conclusions. As a result of a phytochemical study of the pericarp of Juglans nigra L., it was established that both a substance containing polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides suitable as auxiliary substances can be obtained in the process of complex processing.

THE VISION OF STYLE WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE LITERARY GRAMMAR DISCOURSE

In the proposed article, we turn to one of the directions in modern academic theory of literature – literary grammar, which examines the literary text in the linguistic dimension. The purpose of the research is to indicate the features of this discourse and explain what the vision of style is within the limits of literary grammar. The object of research is the discourse of literary grammar; the subject of research is style in literary grammar. The following methods were used to realize research goal: information analysis method, synthesis method, descriptive method. Literary grammar, which strives for accuracy and specificity, is constituted on the border with linguistics. Signs and features of style are recognized in literary grammar as the construction of an artistic work, the scheme by which it is built. It motivates the certain «signs» of style appearance. The author of the article concludes that the concept of style within the limits of literary grammar is pre-aesthetic, as it reduces the sensual, as the internal form of plastic-painting component of the image. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to clarify the multiplicity of style concepts in their originality in modern literary theory and modern linguistics. The concept of «style» refers to one of the fundamental features of artistic creativity, which, firstly, determines the aesthetic value of a work and without which the emergence of artistic systems (literary schools, currents, trends) is impossible. There are different understandings of style. Some literary critics expand the meaning of this concept, bring it closer to the artistic method (I. F Volkov, O. V. Mykhaylov, P. O. Nikolaev, B. G. Reizov), while others, on the contrary, identify it with the writer’s individual handwriting concept (I. Kleiner, I. Yu. Podgaetska, P. M. Sakulin, L. Spitzer). Literary grammar objectifies the external form of the work, therefore it is distinguished by the interpretation of inner-textual relations depth. However, it cannot claim conclusions of an aesthetic or ontological nature. Elements of the external form of the work in this discourse are considered in isolation from its internal form and content. Literary grammar does not set itself the task of revealing the style of an artistic work as a unity of all moments of artistic form and content but helps to reveal the specificity one of the essential style components – the language of a literary and artistic work. The perspective of further research is to reveal the semantic content of the style category within the limits of various theoretical and literary discourses.

A Prospective Open-Label Study of the Antifungal Activity of External Forms of Activated Zinc Pyrithione in the Treatment of Malassezia- Associated Skin Diseases

Background: There are insufficient data on the antifungal activity of active zinc pyrithione, which is widely used in practice. Considering the reported role of Malassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of several dermatologic diseases, it is of scientific and practical importance to investigate this issue. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of external forms of activated zinc pyrithione in the treatment of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor. Method: An open-label prospective study was conducted between March and July 2022. Patients with psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor were treated with external forms of activated zinc pyrithione for 21 days. Skin scales and circular prints from lesion foci, as well as from skin areas without clinical manifestations before and after therapy were studied. A quantitative assessment of skin colonization by micromycetes of Malassezia was performed using microscopic and cultural methods of examination. Clinical efficacy and drug safety of the therapy was assessed using the Dermatological Symptom Scale Index, by recording adverse events at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 3. Results: 64 patients aged 18 to 65 years with diagnoses of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor were included. 60 patients completed the study, 4 were excluded due to failure to adhere to the schedule. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor in the lesion foci after therapy, a significant decrease was observed in the colonization level according to the results of microscopic and cultural studies. In psoriasis patients, a significant decrease in the colonization level was obtained only based on the results of microscopic examination. In all groups, significant differences in comparison to the initial level were observed at the 1st week of treatment. There was no adverse events observed. Conclusion: Activated zinc pyrithione in the form of cream and aerosol showed moderate antifungal activity against micromycetes of the genus Malassezia.

Correlation between the source of Law and the form of Law concepts: theoretical and conceptual aspect

The purpose of the research is to view the main approaches to understanding the source of law category. Main content. On the basis of available scientific works by domestic and foreign scientists, the essence and content of the “source of law” was revealed, an analysis of the relationship between “source of law” and “form of law” concepts was carried out, and differences between them were substantiated. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Conclusions. Summarizing what has been said, we can come to the conclusion that such concepts as “source of law” and “form of law” cannot be considered identical. Form of law is expedient to be defined as the method of law objectification that is, as external design of the content of law, the so-called external manifestation of the legal content. At the same time, source of law is appropriate to be considered as origins of law, that is, those conditions and circumstances in which meanings of law are formed, law as such is created from.
 Key words: source of law, form of law, content, internal and external forms of law, correlation.

Проблемы формирования правовой культуры в современном социокультурном пространстве

The article postulates that progress in the development of the rule of law is inconceivable without the formation of legal culture. Such a process is complex due to the multidimensionality of legal culture, included in the gen-eral culture of the people, and the secondary nature of legal values in relation to general cultural values. The author distinguishes objective and subjective factors of legal culture formation in the modern socio-cultural space. Objective factors include globalization processes in the world that have fully affected Russian society and the state, as a result of which there is an undermining of the foundations of Russian legal culture and de-formation of the targeted mechanisms for its formation, such as legal education and upbringing, which inevita-bly leads to destructive processes in other subsystems – economic, political and spiritual. Among the subjective factors, the author highlights the value orientations and attitudes of all subjects-bearers of legal consciousness towards legal behavior and involvement in positive changes in legal reality, which act as internal motivators of external forms of expression of the level of legal culture. The author emphasizes the importance of reforming the institute of education and upbringing as the main mechanism for the formation of subjective factors of legal culture in the context of legalization of all spheres of life of modern man, and actualizes the need to create a unified system of competencies in the field of legal knowledge, skills and abilities for graduates of schools, universities and colleges of non-legal areas in accordance with the strategy of building a law-governed state. The importance of the formation of value orientations and attitudes for carriers of professional legal conscious-ness is stressed, as the level of legal culture depends on personal example and quality of performance of offi-cial duties. Among the measures directly dependent on state institutions is the formation of a strong state ideol-ogy based on the national foundations of Russian culture, taking into account the factors of multi-ethnicity and multi-confessionalism, which act as a platform for the legal culture of the individual, group and society as a whole.

«Мировая революция» в русском анархизме

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the theory of the "world revolution" in the ideological and political heritage of Russian anarchism. Historical, comparative, hermeneutic methods of scientific research were actively used to write the article. The ideologists of Russian anarchism in their interpretation of the "world revolution" competed with Marxist doctrine, with its popular dialectical theory of socio-economic formations and class struggle, where the final stage of historical progress was to be the achievement of global communism. Rejecting the Marxist concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat", the Russian anarchists proceeded from an alternative methodology that emphasizes the primacy of natural, biological factors of social processes. According to anarchists, the basic factor of progress is the natural inclination of people to solidarity and mutual assistance. Hence the Russian anarchists opposed the natural nature of the evolution of mankind to any "forced" forms of social organization. This applied, first of all, to the institution of the state, regardless of its external form – communist, liberal-democratic, despotic. The basic parameters of the social ideal in the theory of Russian anarchism were the principles of anarchy and freedom, the building of social existence on the basis of self-organization, self-government and a global decentralized confederation structured "from the bottom up". The former territorial and political borders were abolished, nations were abolished. The anarchists saw the achievement of this ideal as an exclusively revolutionary way, gradually embracing all new countries, regions, continents. The article emphasizes the constant appeal of Russian anarchists to the arguments of universal morality - "freedom", "justice", "brotherhood", "justice", "equality" in justifying the need for a world anarchist revolution, which in practice turned into political abstractions with destructive consequences for societies. At the same time, the "secondary" ideology of Russian anarchism as an intellectual product is noted in relation to Marxism and natural science theories of the XVIII-XIX centuries, as well as the tendency of anarchists to utopian thinking, to speculative building of their global social ideal.

The symbolic meaning of the sculpture "Faceless Buddha" in the work of Tsiu Tsitsing

History of development of Chinese jade carving art is dating back some 8000 years into Neolithic period The development of the ideas of Chinese jade carving, the change of their external forms, reflects the close relationships between reality (the objective world) and the inner world of man. The difference between contemporary and traditional jade carvings lies in the artist’s conscious desire to convey and disseminate his own worldview in society. The purpose of contemporary jade carving does not stop at the description of the traditional image and form by the artist, but also, through embodiment in form, tries to reveal an individual aesthetic perception. Jade carved works, possessing symbolic meaning, have a significant impact on the complex interaction between material and spiritual world of the artist; having a deep, symbolic meaning, these works affect the feelings and spirit of people as well. Tsiu Tsitsing (born in 1979) is the most famous and influential jade sculptor in contemporary China from the end of the 20th century and at the start of the 21st century, his jade articles have a distinct personal style, are original and modern. His works not only contain the thoughts and concepts of Buddhism (Zen-Buddhism), Taoism (Lao-Zhuang philosophy), and Confucianism (literary view) in traditional Chinese culture, but also integrate the concepts and formal language of Western modern art. As the most representative type of his (Tsiu Tsitsing) extensive oeuvre of sculptures, the series of jade carvings of " faceless Buddha" contain profound cultural information. The creative subject by inventing new system of symbolic language creates a new world of jade carving. At the same time, the creative subject re-examines the possibility of the current integration of Chinese traditional culture and Western modern art with the help of this symbol system.

USE OF PHYTOTHERAPY IN PORTUGAL

The objective of this work is to better understand the use of plants and herbal products for medicinal purposes in Portuguese households, namely which plants are most used and which health conditions are most targeted. It also seeks to evaluate the attitudes and habits related to this use, its role in their health management, the sources of information used and the frequency of consultation with professionals specialized in the area. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. A total of 210 responses were obtained. 78% of the respondents were female. 71.9% of the respondents had a university degree. 41.4% reported having salary above € 1000 and 27.1% above € 2000. The mean age in the sample was 50.8 years. More than 50% of the respondents reported using medicinal plants in the flu and cough, to aid digestion and to aid sleep. The plants with more respondents were eucalyptus and peppermint (in respiratory conditions), lemon balm (in digestive and nervous conditions), chamomile (in respiratory, digestive and skin conditions), linden (in respiratory and nervous conditions), rosemary (for digestive, circulatory and nervous diseases) and arnica (for joint and skin diseases). The most common form of use was infusion (87.6%), followed by essential oils (51.0%), tablets or similar forms (48.1%) and external forms (46.7%). The most frequent places of acquisition of medicinal plants were the stores of natural products (71.4%). 31.4% of the respondents put medicinal plants as the first option in their health management, and 30.5% said they used them together with conventional medicines. The main sources of information for decisions on this topic mentioned by the sample were family knowledge (54.8%), consultations with naturopaths and similar (41.9%), counseling with friends (37.1%), specialized means in natural health (35.2%) and generalist means (34.3%). 23.8% of the respondents said they make consultations with phytotherapy professionals or naturopaths, while 23.3% said they do it only in severe cases. This study found a substantial use of medicinal plants in Portugal, especially for the mildest health conditions and with the safest plants. The evaluation of the answers in the face of scientific knowledge about the properties of plants points to a mostly correct use. However, the issues of adverse reactions, contraindications and drug interactions were not addressed in this study. We recognize that a reasonably detailed web questionnaire is answered mainly by the people with the most interest in the subject, and therefore the sample obtained may not be representative of the general Portuguese population. Bearing in mind that fact, this study will still provide useful information the most used plants and target conditions, as well as on the usage patterns of the people who use them the most.

NEW TRENDS IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY (Based on the works of A.Elgezek, E.Zhunis, B.Karagyzuly)

In order to determine the relationship between innovation and tradition in modern Kazakh poetry, the article analyzes the poems of poets whose works became well known to the readership after two millennia. Close attention was paid to the latest trends and stylistic features of each of their poems. Special attention was paid to the syntactic structure, linguistic units and intonation composition of the poems. In the course of the study, samples of verse and poetry in prose were presented on the basis of scientific conclusions of domestic and foreign scientists related to poetry. Not only the external form of the poems was taken into account, but also the internal content, thematic and ideological features. A comparative analysis of the strophic features of the poems is carried out. The emphasis was placed on changing concepts such as syllable, segment, side, rhyme. A systematic description of how the stages of social development influenced the structure of poems is made. In addition to structural changes in modern Kazakh poetry, attention was paid to the latest trends in world poetry. The article considers the successive development of genre features that appeared in the poem system under the influence of the development of the Internet and technology. As a result of the study, the nature of the development of modern Kazakh poetry and signs of its innovation, genre changes in poetry are shown in detail. The search for modern poets in the transformation of poetry is revealed.

КӨРКЕМ МӘТІННІҢ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

The article analyzes the problem of the literary text, the reasoning of scientists about the text. Differentiation of definitions to the text is given, several types of literary text are considered. In particular, the concept of fiction and popular science literature was described. While a literary text is based on associative-imaginative thinking, a science fiction text is based on logical thinking. According to the work of M.K. Akhmetova, the external and internal form of the text is explained. In addition, it tells about the concept of a text addressed to the recipient. The logical, stylistic and pragmatic position of literary scholars M. M. Bakhtin, I.R. Galperin, N.S. Valgina about the text is touched upon. The features of the literary text proposed by N.A. Nikolina a highlighted. The social, everyday, terminological meanings of the term "information" are given. The types of information in texts and its three types are distinguished

Dynamic pricing in the presence of social externalities and reference-price effect

This paper considers the pricing of a new product in the face of sophisticated consumer behaviors. At the individual level, consumers are forward-looking, whereby they may wait strategically for better purchasing opportunities. Additionally, and in line with prospect theory, consumers might also look back to form a reference-price point with which they can compare the current price. Consumers are assumed to be loss averse where losses resonate more than gains. Moreover, we account for the role of social influences in the form of externalities in consumers’ adoption decision. We develop progressively different nested models to examine the impact of each behavior. Two types of pricing regimes, that is, preannounced and responsive pricing, are utilized where the firm commits to the price path from the outset in the former while it does not in the latter. We find that a penetration pricing strategy can be both strengthened or weakened by forward-looking consumer behavior depending on the underlying dynamics. Our results also suggest that the superiority of the firm’s profit under committed pricing depends heavily on the consumer behaviors.

The Enlightenment of Taoist Philosophy Wisdom to the Present Age

In recent years, global issues have become a research hotpot, while scholars aim to cross the differences between different cultures through equal dialogue, seek universally recognized value principles, and establish a better world order. As one of the sources of Chinese ethical and moral culture, Taoist culture provides rich cultural potential and modern enlightenment for solving the problem of globalization. Guided by the literature research method, combined with the case study method and the qualitative analysis method, this paper explores the intellectual influence of Taoist philosophy in combination with the current situation of modern society. The influence of Taoism is multifaceted. For national culture, we can't just stay in the external form of national culture, which is just an extension of national culture. To truly understand and disseminate Chinese philosophy, we must protect and develop its connotation and extension at the same time.

Рейтинги легкових автомобілів за аеродинамічними властивостями та сучасні підходи 3D-моделювання зовнішніх форм кузовів

The work is devoted to the development of passenger car aerodynamics, which began at the beginning of the 20th century. Radical changes to the shape of the body are not enough, the main attention is focused on the surface elements, their optimization is being carried out while preserving the overall shape determined by the design concept. Much attention has always been paid to the improvement of car aerodynamics, especially to the study of frontal drag - the most important factor affecting the traction and operational qualities of a car. During this time, it was possible to significantly reduce the coefficient of aerodynamic resistance Sh. When developing the external shape of the body, the designers strive to give it such contours that the air flows around it as smoothly as possible, without swirls and disruptions of the flow, i.e., that the surface is visually attractive with the correct shapes and with the most streamlined silhouette.
 The relevance of the problem is reduced to the improvement of the external forms of the car, therefore, during development, five components of the overall aerodynamic resistance of the car are taken into account: the resistance of the form; inductive; superficial; interference resistance and resistance of internal flows. The share of each of these components varies depending on the type of car, but, usually, shape resistance accounts for 60...70% of the total aerodynamic resistance, inductive - 7...12% (large values are typical for passenger cars), surface - about 5 ...8%, internal flow resistance - 8...11%.
 The purpose of the work is to analyze the influence of the components of the overall aerodynamic resistance Cx on the operational properties of passenger cars (speed, fuel consumption, safety, convenience and comfort during driving) with the formation of a general rating assessment.
 In general, it is shown that cars of the last period are characterized mainly by wedge-shaped shapes, to which almost all automobile companies in the world have switched. From the point of view of improved aerodynamic properties, these are cars of small and medium classes (classes B, C and E). On the basis of significant research in this field, the improvement of automotive technologies, aimed primarily at improving fuel economy and dynamic properties, manufacturers managed to achieve relatively low drag. At present, the best representatives of this class have closely approached the value of Сх = 0,29 ... 0,30, which is the limit for the current level of technology. Further efforts of researchers are aimed at reducing the resistance created under the hood, reducing pollution and improving acoustic characteristics.

Research of Characteristics of Mental Images of Movements in Martial Artists

The study investigated the specificity of mental images of martial artists when presenting certain actions (hip throw, miller, dive, transfer, leg pass) using a modified questionnaire to identify the features of mental images. 19 subjects (age 22 ± 3.6 years, male) participated in the study, nine of whom were wrestlers The subjects presented the above techniques in their performance several times. The following were analyzed: foreshortening, type of landmarks in the control of the presented movement, and chronometric characteristics of mental images. The results showed that experienced athletes were characterized, as a rule, by a stable foreshortening — predominantly from the 1st person. Fewer experienced athletes had a dominant 3rd-person perspective. There were pauses in the chronometric indices of experienced athletes in order to work through certain moments. In novice athletes, the rate of presentation of skills almost always corresponded to the real one. Muscle sensations dominated when describing skills in experienced martial artists. The beginners were dominated by visual characteristics, external forms.

MODERN ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION AND 3D PRINTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined. Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.

Green logistics operations and its impact on supply chain sustainability: An empirical study

AbstractThis study aims to understand the impact of green logistics operations on the sustainability of supply chains. It is an experimental, numerical analysis carried out in an Indian industrial setting to derive some empirical truths, which have profound implications for the community of professional practice and academic and policy research towards inclusiveness in ecological governance. The analysis is centred on a conceptual model based on causal interdependencies. This model conceives stakeholders' demands from the outside in the form of numerous environmental, economic and social externalities triggering pressures for integrating innovative sustainable responses in logistics operations in the supply chain to eventuate desirable state transformation of the society, environment and economy. The model, as proposed, is validated through primary data collected through a structured questionnaire survey from Indian logistics service providers (LSPs) and analysed through structural equation modelling (SEM) with coding in the R engine platform. The empirical result shows that sustainable performance is influenced less by green practices than logistics operations, and the direct impact of logistics operations is much less on green practices than on supply chain sustainability. This study attempts to study contemporary sustainability practices. It transcends to contribute towards regenerative inclusive human welfare, adding the scope of activity from merely environmental management to sustainability in ecological governance.

Investigation on the Aerodynamic Parameters of the Triangle Shape of Tall Buildings by Using of CFD Method

Wind loading in large buildings has always been a major challenge for civilian engineers. For this purpose, presenting the optimum exterior forms of a building exposed to the wind flow and analyzing aerodynamic forces, including resistance force, bending, and twisting moments, are challenging issues for designers. Nowadays, by combining various numerical calculation methods, like neural networks, genetic algorithms, and other methods, by changing some parameters, they optimize the external form of the building based on aerodynamic parameters. In this research, three optimized triangular models will be investigated using the computational fluid dynamics method. For wind flow, a velocity profile is used in the three simulations, and Reynolds’ Navier–Stokes average equations are used to solve momentum relationships. Additionally, the κ-ε method was used to calculate Reynolds stresses. The results show that the optimized N3 model is in the most optimal condition possible in terms of aerodynamic parameters such as drag, torsion moment, and vortices behind the building. Nowadays, the neural network algorithm is one of the most famous numerical methods for optimizing hull shapes. However, this approach cannot improve aerodynamic parameters either. Hence, computational fluid dynamics is used to deeply analyze. This research is one step forward to assess the optimized hull shapes of tall buildings. All tests are conducted using STAR CCM+.