External Factor Evaluation Research Articles

Formulation and selection of blue economy operational business strategy using Montecarlo Simulation and Multi Criteria Decision Making

The Cirebon Government has provided guidelines for the establishment of mangrove ecotourism aimed at reducing the level of mangrove damage in Cirebon, which has reached 75%. One of the newly established mangrove ecotourism sites in January 2023 is the “Kasih Sayang Mangrove Ecotourism Area.” This tourism destination focuses solely on the natural beauty of the mangrove ecosystem, generating revenue from entrance tickets and parking fees. Therefore, a business operational strategy is needed to increase income and the number of visitors. The strategy design is based on the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix, Internal-External (IE) Matrix, and the General Strategy of Blue Economy, resulting in three alternative strategies: Mangrove Planting Scheme for Tourists, Paddling Attractions for Tourists, and Utilization of Mangrove Trees as Souvenirs. The selected alternative strategy, using the Monte Carlo Simulation and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, is the Paddling Attractions for Tourists, with an average Net Present Value of Rp 92,210,01, an investment of Rp 544,298,000, an additional 5 local workers, and an estimated 14,598 kg of waste.

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA TERNAK KAMBING DI DESA TULABOLO BARAT

The goat-farming business has quite promising prospects for development. This research aims to analyze the prospects for developing goat farming businesses in West Tulabolo Village, East Suwawa District. Using snowball sampling techniques, six breeders, two village officials, and one extension officer were selected as informants for this study. This research uses primary and secondary data sources. Research data was analyzed using the SWOT analysis framework (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). Based on the research results, it show that the IFE (internal factor evaluation) matrix score is 3,27 and the EFE (external factor evaluation) matrix score is 3,04. This shows that the prospects for developing the goat farming business in West Tulabolo Village are strong (3,0–4,0) in square one, consisting of market development and market penetration. Market development is done by improving the quality of breeder resources, and promoting and increasing public knowledge to encourage participation in goat production. Apart from that, it is important to implement a market penetration strategy to increase the market share of the goat farming business. Thus, we hope that establishing a goat farming business will provide a profitable opportunity for both breeders and the community in West Tulabolo Village.

Internationalization strategy management for small and medium-size enterprises: A case study of LED industrial enterprise

With China’s “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) cooperation initiative in 2013, more and more Chinese SMEs enterprises (SMEs) are heading overseas to international markets (Li, 2020). In the early stage of internationalization, most Chinese SMEs still focus on traditional export trade. By 2023, after ten years of development of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI), the traditional export trade model is no longer sufficient to support Chinese SMEs to cope with competition in the international market (Han, 2021). However, most Chinese SMEs do not have a clear internationalization strategy, so the development of a clear internationalization strategy has become an important research topic for Chinese SMEs. This paper takes D&H company as the research object, uses the PEST analysis model, and the internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE), internal and external environmental factor analysis matrix to sort out the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats faced by the company, and applies strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) and the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) tools to study the internationalization paths and plans of D&H. This paper explores the new situation of internationalization in a practical sense and provides research examples and methods for Chinese SMEs to develop internationalization routes with some reference value.

Evaluation of internal and external factors for clinical applications of biogenic metallic nanoparticles in dentistry

The study explored the use and clinical applications of biogenic metallic nanoparticles synthesized by green methods in dentistry. It focused on evaluating the internal and external factors that influence their efficacy and application, with the aim of identifying both the opportunities and limitations of these emerging technologies in the dental field. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA procedure. 19 scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023, obtained from the PubMed and Scopus databases, were analyzed. The articles were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, a SWOT analysis was conducted with the help of five dental experts to assess the factors affecting the implementation and impact of metallic nanoparticles. The analysis revealed that the weaknesses identified in the application of metallic nanoparticles had a greater weight than the strengths, indicating the need to develop defensive strategies to address the weaknesses. Opportunities outweighed threats, suggesting that the positive aspects of nanomaterials could be amplified to mitigate negative impacts. It was concluded that continued research and optimization of green synthesis methods is crucial to improve clinical efficacy and reduce negative impacts. It was suggested that future research focus on refining these processes and further evaluating the clinical applications of these materials

Position Analysis and Strategic Recommendations for Business Improvement in The Micro-Small Industry of Oil Palm Post-Harvest Equipment in Kampar Regency, Riau Province

Many industries producing post-harvest oil palm equipment are growing in Riau Province, Indonesia because this province has a large area of oil palm plantations. Micro-small businesses dominate this industry. The micro-small oil palm post-harvest equipment industry experiences many obstacles in improving and developing its business. This research aims to analyze the position of the micro-small oil palm post-harvest equipment industry and then provide strategic recommendations to improve their business. The position analysis used is Business Model Canvas (BMC) analysis and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices. Business development strategy recommendations use the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT), and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) methods. The research results show that the company is in a growth and development phase. The top two strategies recommended for these companies are maximizing marketing channels and good cooperation through cooperatives, oil palm processing companies (such as PTPN), government agencies, and social media, and improving product quality by providing skilled human resources and research and development activities.

Improving the Employees' Performance through the Application e-Samsat Online Tax Payment

Scientific and technological advancement is accelerating rapidly. This progress reshapes economic, social, and cultural landscapes, permeating every facet of human existence. These transformations mark the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Traditional employment and methods yield to automation and artificial intelligence, giving rise to novel forms of labour and industry. This study investigates whether internal factors determine the weaknesses and the strengths of Human Resources at the regional technical implementation unit (Known as UPT) at one one-stop administration service office (known as Samsat) in North Medan. In addition, it was also to determine external factors, opportunities, and threats to achieve optimal performance, generate alternative strategies, and choose performance improvement strategies at the North Medan UPT PPD Samsat. In addition to qualitative descriptive, the author used SWOT analysis using external and internal factor evaluation matrices. Data analysis techniques included editing, description, and categorization. The research involved 74 North Medan UPT PPD Samsat employees, and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study found that organizational performance was in quadrant I. It indicates that the employees' performance has room for improvement by considering all the strengths/potentials of the organization.

Formulationg the Strategy for Agrotourism Destinations: Nglinggo Tourism Vilage, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo

This study aims to develop a strategy to attract tourists to visit Nglinggo tea plantation as a tourist destination in Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency. The research data used primary data, which was collected using interviews, filling out questionnaires and focus group discussions. The data were obtained from the tourists visiting Nglinggo tea plantation, the tour managers and Pager Harjo village officials. The analysis tools used the External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE), Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). From the IFE and EFE matrices results, the SWOT table is compiled to obtain several alternative strategies. The alternative strategies are analyzed using QSPM to get the right strategy. The results of the analysis obtained IFE and EFE values above the average. The educational value of picking and processing tea and its culture had more excellent value than its weaknesses, namely the destruction by tourists and lack of roads and electricity infrastructures. The external environmental conditions that become the opportunities are the changes in people's lifestyles, the support from the government for tourism development and the outstanding image by tourists. The strategic options that can be taken are making the activity of drinking tea a tradition in Indonesia, increasing the educational tours of picking and processing tea, working with the government to build roads that facilitate the tourists to get to the tourist attractions safely and increasing the electrical installations around the tourist attractions as well as educating the public and the tourists about the conservation of the environment.

Architecture of landed house property business strategy (Case study of PT KGC)

Among the property development companies operating in Cibubur, PT KGC and PT SM are the same entity from the one holding company. PT SM demonstrates positive performance for last 4 years while PT KGC showing fluctuation performance over the past four years., therefore, PT KGC required to formulating a new strategy to compete on the landed house property business. The objective of this research is to identify the issues in the landed house business competition, formulate alternative strategies, and determine priority strategies for PT KGC to address the competition in the landed house business. The research methodology employs IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation), EFE (External Factor Evaluation), SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). The research shows that inadequate implementation of existing strategies has led to unstable company performance over the past four years, causing decreased revenue, vendor payments, and delays in housing construction. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix recommends strategies like market penetration, product development, and market development to improve the company's position in the profitable land-based housing industry.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN VOLUME PENJUALAN DI PASAR INDUK PARE KABUPATEN KEDIRI

This study aims to analyze the internal factors and external factors as well as analyze the marketing strategy of the chili business at the Pare Kediri Central Market. Data analysis was carried out by identifying internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE), determining the appropriate strategy through the IE matrix and SWOT matrix. The results of the study found that internal factors influenced the marketing of chili businesses at the Pare Kediri Main Market. External factors that had an influence were the existence of partnerships between farmers, traders and industry players to expand the marketing network as an opportunity in chili business marketing while the chili payment system used a hanger system which is a threat to chili traders. Judging from the results of the analysis of IFAS and EFAS factors using the SWOT quadrant matrix, the marketing strategy for the chili business is in quadrant I, which means that this condition has a positive meaning to continue marketing the chili business at the Pare Central Market, Kediri. By paying attention to the several SO strategies that have been prepared, one of the right strategies is to expand the marketing and distribution of chili commodities by utilizing social media technology to increase sales volume inside and outside the Kediri Pare Central Market in a sustainable manner.Keywords: Chili, Marketing Strategy, SWOT

Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix as a Superior Strategic Management Tools and Techniques in Evaluating Decision Alternatives

Evaluation of alternatives to making decisions still remains as the most difficult field for every manager. Considering that uncertainty, stress, emotions and many other factors still remain insurmountable during decision-making in the work of managers. The research will bring a contemporary approach to the evaluation of alternatives through the multi-stage method by conducting a series of exhibitions for an effective decision. Model will create a logical structure derivation of exhibitions by revealing options and paths toward strategic leadership. The research used mixed methods of data collection to create a more meaningful and integrative research design. The sample was elongated over a survey of 250 organizations. The research brings to the surface a clear analysis of the following path as a guide and practically used to gain differentiating advantages towards the long-term through Strategic Attractiveness Position in Industry (ST-API). From this analysis structure, a clearness leadership orientation is created for managers, a recommendation for strategic leadership, revealing a group of strategies to undertake depending on the ST-API dimension IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) or ST-API dimension EFE (External Factor Evaluation) through crafting "Option's" since the organizations are concentrated in the vicinity of the corner (nook) in quad IV, conclusively in "growth and build". Occurrated in this axle, organizations are advised to orient their actions towards the "develop products" in order to go towards longevity and leaderism in the industry.

Analysis of digital tourism development strategies as promotion of water blow tourism Nusa Dua Bali

The tourism sector has a large contribution in increasing state and regional income. Therefore, it is important to make efforts to develop tourism in Indonesia. Water Blow Nusa Dua is one of the tourist destinations on the island of Bali which has a unique attraction and can be visited by tourists. One effort that can be made to increase the number of visits is through digital tourism by utilizing technology as a promotional medium. This research aims to find out government policies, strategies and decisions in developing internet-based tourism (digital tourism) using tourism website data, internet reviews about tourism, and social networks related to the Water Blow Nusa Dua Bali tourism. The qualitative method used in the research is an internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix with SWOT analysis by reviewing internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) which are taken into consideration in developing digital tourism in Water Blow Nusa Dua. The results of this research found that tourism promotion through digital tourism using the internet is still not optimally carried out by the Badung Regency government so it is necessary to increase promotion through social media. This research can be used as recommendation material for the government or related parties in determining the direction of digital tourism development

Analisis Strategi Bisnis Non Aeronautika PT Angkasa Pura I Bandara Internasional Syamsudin Noor Banjarmasin

This study aims to analyze the non-aeronautical business strategy of PT Angkasa Pura I at Syamsudin Noor Airport in Banjarmasin obtained from the identification of internal factor conditions (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) and find the formulation of a non-aeronautical business strategy at PT Angkasa Pura I Airport Syamsudin Noor Banjarmasin. Identification of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) was obtained by researchers from the results of in-depth interviews with credible and experienced informants. Apart from that, external analysis was also obtained from PESTLE analysis on the non-aeronautical business environment. The research results from the identification and analysis of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were processed with the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix and the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix. The formulation of the results of the IFE and EFE matrices is obtained from the results of the SWOT matrix. Finally, after processing the data through these matrices, we found a way to find out the right business strategy for the non-aeronautical business of PT Angkasa Pura I Syamsudin Noor Airport in Banjarmasin with the SPACE Strategy which interprets the company's position to be in the Cartesian coordinate quadrant. This study found that the non-aeronautical business of PT Angkasa Pura I Syamsudin Noor Airport in Banjarmasin is in a quadrant I position that can implement the strategy market penetration, market development, product development and diversification related and un related business. Keywords : Non Aeronautics, PESTLE, IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, SWOT, SPACE Strategy Matrix

Strategy to Increase Awareness of MSMEs Halal Certificates in Islamic Sharia-Compliant Provinces: Case Study in Aceh Province

This research delves into developing strategies to augment awareness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) halal certificates in Islamic sharia-compliant provinces, focusing on the case of Aceh Province. Given the increasing global demand for halal products, bolstering awareness of the certification process is paramount. The study employs a robust SWOT Analysis, encompassing Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) assessments, to comprehensively evaluate the existing landscape. Internal strengths, weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats pertinent to MSMEs halal certificates are systematically examined. By harnessing internal strengths and mitigating weaknesses, this research seeks to address external challenges and harness opportunities for strategic planning proactively. The outcomes aim to provide actionable insights for various stakeholders, including MSMEs, government entities, halal certifiers, and industry regulators, fostering a collaborative environment for improving the perception and understanding of MSMEs halal certificates. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the vital role of Aceh Province as a case study, shedding light on practical strategies that similar regions can adopt to bolster the halal industry's growth while aligning with Islamic economic principles and values. The findings underscore the need for a proactive approach to ensuring the sustainability and expansion of MSMEs halal certifications in Sharia-compliant provinces.

The Strategic Planning Formulation in Creative Industry Products Positioning in Sabang, Aceh

Sabang City has been recognized as a creative city in the crafts subsector, particularly in producing and positioning creative industry products. This investigation delves into the strategic planning formulation utilized for the positioning of creative industrial products in Sabang. The examination utilizes a SWOT Analysis (examining Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), coupled with an Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE), to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats encountered by the creative industry in Sabang. The outcomes of the SWOT analysis provide valuable insights for reducing weaknesses, enhancing strengths, mitigating challenges, and capitalizing on opportunities in the strategic planning process. The findings of the study indicate that the advancement of positioning for creative economy products in Sabang falls within quadrant I, signifying Growth. Consequently, it employs the Strengths-Opportunities (SO) Strategy. By examining the strategic planning methods, this research aims to shed light on effective strategies that can be employed to position creative industry products successfully in Sabang.

Comparison of high and low stunting reduction groups using IFE-EFE matrix analysis in Central Java Province, Indonesia.

The results of the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (Studi Status Gizi Indonesia, SSGI) showed a 6.8% declining prevalence of stunting in Central Java from 2019 to 2021. However, the prevalence decreases in the regency level of Central Java varied from 0.1 to 20.3%. This study aimed to analyze the external and internal factors that influenced the stunting reduction prevalence in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This qualitative study was conducted over 2 months, from April to May 2022. In-depth interviews were used to explore the supporting factors (external, internal, and strategies) and the challenges (internal, external, and solutions) in implementing stunting reduction acceleration programs. The supporting factors and challenges were compared between the groups with high Gro, Sra, Kla, and Pek (GSKP) and low Sur, Mag, Teg, and Pat (SMTP) reduction prevalence. Data were analyzed using internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE). In quadrant II, the high-reduction group (GSKP) had IFE and EFE scores of 2.61 and 2.76, respectively. In quadrant IV, the low-reduction group (SMTP) had IFE and EFE scores of 1.86 and 1.62, respectively. The high-reduction group (GSKP) was better than the low-reduction group (SMTP) in using external opportunities and internal strengths by avoiding external threats and minimizing the weakness in the stunting reduction acceleration program in each area. The existence of superior programs and innovations were the strengths that differentiated the high and low groups. Conversely, the low-stunting reduction group struggled to overcome major challenges, especially lacking leadership capacity. From the outside, lack of program sustainability at the village level and budget restraint were the threats found in both groups. Compared with the low-stunting reduction group, the high group could maximize their strengths and use the opportunities to implement stunting reduction programs.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Bandeng Duri Lunak Mandala Presto Berbasis Model Bisnis Kanvas Di Kabupaten Bogor

Mandala Presto is one of the milkfish processing businesses in Bogor Regency. The business started producing soft-boned milkfish without packaging in 2011. Collaborating with 35 street vendors, they sold soft-boned milkfish in traditional markets and through door-to-door sales. In 2018, the owner changed the business model to focus on hygienic vacuum-packaged soft-boned milkfish. The aims of this study were (1) to identify internal and external factors influencing the development of Mandala Presto's soft-boned milkfish business, (2) to develop the implementation of Mandala Presto's soft-boned milkfish business model canvas for its business strategy, and (3) to determine the prioritized strategy choices from the nine elements of the business model canvas to enhance the growth of Mandala Presto's soft-boned milkfish business. The method used was the business model canvas to map the condition of Mandala Presto, followed by descriptive and quantitative analysis including the internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix, external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix, internal-external (IE) matrix, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix, and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for business model improvement. The IFE calculation result is 3.32, and the EFE calculation result is 2.79, which are mapped in the IE matrix in cell IV, indicating that the business is in a growing and developing position. The priority strategy determination with AHP focuses on four elements of the business model canvas: key partners, key activities, channels, and key resources.

Strategi Pengembangan Pada Produk Inovasi Biskuneo (Studi Kasus: Tenant Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)

Biskuneo is one of the innovative products resulting from research by the National Innovation Research Agency (BRIN) to find the right commercialization strategy based on market demand to support industry needs. The aims of this study were (1) to identify internal and external factors that influence the development strategy of Biskuneo innovation products and (2) to compile the application of the Biskuneo innovation product canvas business model to business development. The canvas business model method is used to map the condition of Biskuneo products, followed by a descriptive and quantitative analysis consisting of an internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE), an external factor evaluation matrix (EFE), an internal-external matrix (IE), a matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The IFE calculation result is 2.339 and the EFE calculation result is 2.580 which is mapped in the IE matrix in cell V, indicating that Biskuneo is in a position to grow and develop. Strategy determination in the SWOT matrix is ​​in quadrant I (SO strategy), namely the product has great opportunities and strengths so that it can take advantage of existing opportunities. The recommended strategy is an aggressive/progressive strategy.

Strategi Pengembangan Portofolio Pembiayaan Mikro di Bank Syariah Indonesia (Studi Kasus BSI Cabang Pembantu Bogor Dramaga Perwira)

The role of micro, small and medium business (UMKM) in the structure of the Indonesian economy is important and strategic. Conventional and sharia banking support the increase of UMKM through funding, as well as technical and non-technical assistance. The research was taken at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Bogor Dramaga Perwira Sub-Branch Office (KCP), under supervision of Regional V Jakarta 2 and Bogor Area, with a focus on microfinance. The research objectives were (1) to identify internal and external factors that influence the microfinance portofolio development, (2) to formulate an appropriate strategy to increase the growth of microfinance portofolio and (3) to recommend the development of UMKM according to the existing BSI microfinance scheme. This research based on data and information from PT BSI in the period of 2018-2022 which affect financing performance. Data analyzed using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, followed by Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) and Quantitative Strategic Planning (QSP) matrixes. The internal factors that become strengths are the pricing of low-cost financing with BSI Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) products, easy requirements, Service Level Agreement (SLA) fast financing processes and sharia-compliant financing agreements. External factors that become opportunities are the large number of UMKM, the public's interest to Islamic banking and many competing banks. Alternative strategies results of SWOT analysis followed by QSP matrix were building partnerships with the micro business community through micro cluster financing, maximizing online marketing and services, and innovating microfinance products.

Kajian Strategi Bersaing Ritel Tradisional di Kota Payakumbuh

Payakumbuh City is inhabited by 141,184 people, most of whom have a labor force participation rate of 71.73 percent, most of whom work in the trade sector, especially traditional retail. However, the increasingly rapid development of modern retail means that traditional retail is starting to be abandoned by consumers, so according to researchers there must be a competitive strategy. needed to help traditional retail survive. The methods in this research are 1). Identification stage evaluation of internal factors, evaluation of external factors, 2). Matching stage with Internal-External Matrix, SWOT, and 3). Conclusion stage with SQPM. The research results can explain that the internal and external conditions of traditional retail in Payakumbuh City are quite good because the total EFI value is 2.89 and EFE is 3.2. This is in quadrant II on the IE matrix with a general strategy of growth and development, on the SWOT matrix it gets 7 Alternative strategies were then ranked by the seven strategies using the QSPM matrix, so the highest score was in strategy 1, namely providing comfortable shopping services for motorists with free and safe parking with a score of 5.12 and strategy 2, providing neater product displays, price labeling with better lighting. enough with a score of 4.87.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Kerupuk Sagu Di Desa Pulau Banjar Kari,Kecamatan Kuantan Tengah, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Sago cracker MSMEs still produce sago to the extent of the household industry, simple processing technology and lack of promotion of sago crackers. The research objective was to analyze the internal and external environment of sago cracker MSMEs, formulate and determine technical strategies and policies for the development of sugo cracker MSMEs in Kuanta Singingi Regency. This research was conducted by survey with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Qualitative descriptive using IFE and EFE matrix while qualitative descriptive wing SWOT method. The total internal factor evaluation (IFE) score was 2.6694 and the total external factor evaluation (EFE) score was 2.9857. The GE matrix results in sago cracker MSMEs located in quadrant (hold and maintain), namely market and product development. The resulting strategies for the development of sago cracker MSMEs are a MSMEs have a long-term development strategy by The experience of MSM owners has been on busmess for a long time, c) Policy and political support for the development of MSMEX d) MSMEs get guidance from the government, dy Participate in exhibitions and expus organized by the government both inside and outside the area. e) Product diversification and innovation by utilizing trend models in the community Marketing strategies to communities, inibes religions and other segments of society. ) Carrying out product mapping so that the product innovations produced cannot be imitated, h) Product penetration marketing strategies through discounts and price reductions, i) Digitalization strategy for marketing MSME products to reach a wider market. Develop partnerships between business actors in product and market development andk) Establishing partnerships with raw material suppliers