External Environmental Factors Research Articles

Complications of Preterm Birth-The Importance of Care for the Outcome: A Narrative Review.

Preterm-born children are susceptible to problems of adaptation in the early neonatal period, as well as the emergence of consequences due to the immaturity of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and especially cerebrovascular systems. The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for articles that were available in their entirety and published in English between 1990 and 2024 in peer-reviewed journals using keywords relevant to the manuscript topic. Analyzing the requested studies and manuscripts, adequate articles describing the stated problem were used. The last trimester of pregnancy is the most important period in brain development. Brain growth is at its most intense, and nerve cells are created, multiply, and migrate, creating numerous connections between them and receptors. During this period, the baby is protected from the influence of external environmental factors. When a baby is born, it leaves its protected environment and very often requires intensive treatment to survive. In these circumstances, the immature nervous system, which is in a sensitive stage of development, is overloaded with numerous external stimuli, continuous light, noise, inappropriate positioning, and repeated painful reactions due to necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the unavoidable absence of the mother and the family, which cause stress that threatens proper programmed development. Minimally invasive therapeutic procedures and the presence of parents during hospitalization play a significant role in reducing the consequences for a premature child.

Efficiency variations of integrated urban transit stations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a Mega-City without pandemic lockdown measures

The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in unforeseen consequences for urban public transportation systems, raising concerns about their efficiency in cities during pandemics. Using a two-stage bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis with a regression approach, this study investigates the changes in integrated transit station efficiency/performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Seoul, South Korea, presenting a unique case study due to its mega city status and absence of a complete lockdown during the pandemic. Besides, it explores the shifting impacts of external environmental factors on station efficiency from 2019 to 2021. Findings from the first-stage analysis underscore a gradual decline in station efficiency, with a pronounced impact evident in 2021. Examining land-uses around the stations revealed that the presence of eateries and hotels in station catchment areas corresponded to enhanced performance. Interestingly, high performing stations with high ridership during the pandemic had low station areas and operating costs. The second-stage analysis pinpointed influential environmental factors, notably young pedestrian volume, which exerted varying influence on station efficiency across different periods. Vehicular accidents and rainfall in the vicinity of transit station catchment areas were consistently positively associated with station efficiency, irrespective of the study year. These findings carry substantial implications and insights for urban planners worldwide.

Analysis of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Leaf Spectral Properties and Photosynthesis According to Growth Period

This study analyzed the leaf spectral properties and photosynthesis rates of greenhouse-grown bell pepper leaves according to the growth period and leaf position to investigate the changes in carbon assimilation function according to leaf aging. Photosynthesis, growth, transpiration, stomatal conductance, light transmittance, and light reflectance were measured. As the plants’ growth progressed, the number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight increased, but the specific leaf area decreased, likely due to the increased distribution of assimilates to reproductive organs. The average photosynthesis rate, according to the measured dates, exhibited a high value despite a large standard error, which was likely influenced by measurement errors caused by external environmental factors. The reflectance and transmittance increased from the upper to the middle and bottom leaves, and the absorption ratio decreased in the same order. The green light spectrum (500–580 nm) had a lower absorption ratio than other spectra because the green coloration of the leaves increased the light reflectance of this spectrum. As the PPFD increased where the leaf was positioned higher, the photosynthesis rate, transpiration amount, and stomatal conductance also increased. The higher the leaf position, the higher the photosynthesis rate, the amount of transpiration, and the stomatal conductance. As the CO2 concentration increased, the photosynthesis rate increased, but the transpiration and stomatal conductance changed little, indicating that the gas exchange within leaves was hardly affected by CO2, but the light levels promoted photosynthesis. From the results of this study, the optical properties of the leaves indicate that they are consistent with Lambert–Beer’s law, which implies that the length of the optical path is linearly proportional to the number of molecules in the absorption layer. We obtained the light saturation point and CO2 saturation point of bell peppers grown in a greenhouse and were able to determine the physiological changes in the leaves with increasing leaf age. Therefore, based on this information, it appears that a leaf removal model based on the productivity of bell pepper leaves could be developed.

A Multi-Step Image Pre-Enhancement Strategy for a Fish Feeding Behavior Analysis Using Efficientnet

To enhance the accuracy of lightweight CNN classification models in analyzing fish feeding behavior, this paper addresses the image quality issues caused by external environmental factors and lighting conditions, such as low contrast and uneven illumination, by proposing a Multi-step Image Pre-enhancement Strategy (MIPS). This strategy includes three critical steps: initially, images undergo a preliminary processing using the Multi-Scale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR) algorithm, effectively reducing the impact of water surface reflections and enhancing the visual effect of the images; secondly, the Multi-Metric-Driven Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (mdc) technique is applied to further improve image contrast, especially in areas of low contrast, by adjusting the local contrast levels to enhance the clarity of the image details; finally, Unsharp Masking (UM) technology is employed to sharpen the images, emphasizing their edges to increase the clarity of the image details, thereby significantly improving the overall image quality. Experimental results on a custom dataset have confirmed that this pre-enhancement strategy significantly boosts the accuracy of various CNN-based classification models, particularly for lightweight CNN models, and drastically reduces the time required for model training compared to the use of advanced ResNet models. This research provides an effective technical route for improving the accuracy and efficiency of an image-based analysis of fish feeding behavior in complex environments.

The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Friend or Enemy?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition frequently found in rheumatological patients that sometimes raises diagnosis and management problems. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and involves the activation of many cells and intracellular signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the activation of the innate and acquired immune system and producing extensive tissue damage. Along with joint involvement, RA can have numerous extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), among which lung damage, especially interstitial lung disease (ILD), negatively influences the evolution and survival of these patients. Although there are more and more RA-ILD cases, the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. In terms of genetic predisposition, external environmental factors act and subsequently determine the activation of immune system cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. These, in turn, show the ability to secrete molecules with a proinflammatory role (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) that will produce important visceral injuries, including pulmonary changes. Currently, there is new evidence that supports the initiation of the systemic immune response at the level of pulmonary mucosa where the citrullination process occurs, whereby the autoantibodies subsequently migrate from the lung to the synovial membrane. The aim of this paper is to provide current data regarding the pathogenesis of RA-associated ILD, starting from environmental triggers and reaching the cellular, humoral, and molecular changes involved in the onset of the disease.

External factors affecting entrepreneurial financial governance strategies of the technical universities in Ghana

The study examined important external elements that have an impact on the technical universities (TUs) in Ghana's entrepreneurial financial governance methods. It highlights the difficulties TUs have managing their finances and the critical role that entrepreneurial finance plays in overcoming these financial limitations. A questionnaire was used by respondents as the data gathering tool in the researcher's quantitative investigation. Purposive sampling was utilised in the study to choose the 160 respondents that participated. According to the study, external environmental factors like political and economic factors, regulatory boundaries set by the state, competition between TUs, insufficient budgetary allocation, inefficient financial monitoring systems, and a lack of dynamic capabilities all have a significant impact on entrepreneurial financial governance strategies. According to the study, technical universities (TUs) in Ghana can increase revenue production, augment government financing, and satisfy their objective of offering high-quality education by applying creative initiatives and improving financial governance processes. This study offers policymakers and key stakeholders in the education sector useful insights to improve the financial sustainability and performance of Technical Universities (TUs) in Ghana. It does this by doing a thorough examination of the external environment and its impact on financial governance initiatives. Through an analysis of the effects of political and economic variables, insufficient budgetary provisions, and inadequate financial monitoring frameworks, this research highlights the imperative for Technical Universities in Ghana to give special consideration to these external elements

Exploring the relationship between hemodynamics and the immune microenvironment in carotid atherosclerosis: Insights from CFD and CyTOF technologies

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke. Hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and oscillatory shear, play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The alteration of the immune microenvironment is the fundamental pathological mechanism by which diverse external environmental factors impact the formation and progression of plaques. However, Current research on the relationship between hemodynamics and immunity in atherosclerosis still lack of comprehensive understanding. In this study, we combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Mass cytometry (CyTOF) technologies to explore the changes in the immune microenvironment within plaques under different hemodynamic conditions. Our results indicated that neutrophils were enriched in adverse flow environments. M2-like CD163+CD86+ macrophages were predominantly enriched in high WSS and low OSI environments, while CD163-CD14+ macrophages were enriched in low WSS and high OSI environments. Functional analysis further revealed T cell pro-inflammatory activation and dysregulation in modulation, along with an imbalance in M1-like/M2-like macrophages, suggesting their potential involvement in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions mediated by adverse flow patterns. Our study elucidated the potential mechanisms by which hemodynamics regulated the immune microenvironment within plaques, providing intervention targets for future precision therapies.

Intelligent Sensing of Thermal Error of CNC Machine Tool Spindle Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion.

Aiming at the shortcomings of single-sensor sensing information characterization ability, which is easily interfered with by external environmental factors, a method of intelligent perception is proposed in this paper. This method integrates multi-source and multi-level information, including spindle temperature field, spindle thermal deformation, operating parameters, and motor current. Firstly, the internal and external thermal-error-related signals of the spindle system are collected by sensors, and the feature parameters are extracted; then, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is utilized to realize the preliminary integration of the feature parameters because of the advantages of the RBF neural network, which offers strong multi-dimensional solid nonlinear mapping ability and generalization ability. Thermal-error decision values are then generated by a weighted fusion of different pieces of evidence by considering uncertain information from multiple sources. The spindle thermal-error sensing experiment was based on the spindle system of the VMC850 (Yunnan Machine Tool Group Co., LTD, Yunnan, China) vertical machining center of the Yunnan Machine Tool Factory. Experiments were designed for thermal-error sensing of the spindle under constant speed (2000 r/min and 4000 r/min), standard variable speed, and stepped variable speed conditions. The experiment's results show that the prediction accuracy of the intelligent-sensing model with multi-source information fusion can reach 98.1%, 99.3%, 98.6%, and 98.8% under the above working conditions, respectively. The intelligent-perception model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and lower residual error than the traditional BP neural network perception and wavelet neural network models. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the operation, maintenance management, and performance optimization of machine tool spindle systems.

Natural Factors of Microplastics Distribution and Migration in Water: A Review

Microplastics are widely present worldwide and are of great concern to scientists and governments due to their toxicity and ability to serve as carriers of other environmental pollutants. The abundance of microplastics in different water bodies varied significantly, mainly attributed to the initial emission concentration of pollutants and the migration ability of pollutants. The migration process of microplastics determines the abundance, fate, and bioavailability of microplastics in water. Previous studies have proved that the physicochemical properties of water bodies and the properties of microplastics themselves are important factors affecting their migration, but the change in external environmental conditions is also one of the main factors controlling the migration of microplastics. In this paper, we focus on the effects of meteorological factors (rainfall, light, and wind) on the distribution and migration of microplastics and conclude that the influence of meteorological factors on microplastics mainly affects the inflow abundance of microplastics, the physical and chemical properties of water, and the dynamics of water. At the same time, we briefly summarized the effects of aquatic organisms, water substrates, and water topography on microplastics. It is believed that aquatic organisms can affect the physical and chemical properties of microplastics through the physical adsorption and in vivo transmission of aquatic plants, through the feeding behavior, swimming, and metabolism of animals, and through the extracellular polymers formed by microorganisms, and can change their original environmental processes in water bodies. A full understanding of the influence and mechanism of external environmental factors on the migration of microplastics is of great theoretical significance for understanding the migration law of microplastics in water and comprehensively assessing the pollution load and safety risk of microplastics in water.

The Environmental Influencing Factors of the Realization of Engineering Construction Harmony from the Perspective of Ren–Shi–Wu: Evidence from China

Engineering construction involves many internal factors and external environmental factors, resulting in conflict or uncoordinated problems in engineering management. The harmonious management of engineering construction is the process of coordinating and solving the contradiction between construction elements and the problems between them and the external environment. The connotations of three subsystems of engineering harmony, namely, Ren harmony (RH), Wu harmony (WH), and Shi harmony (SH), are defined, and the system architecture of engineering harmony is constructed. Then, a hypothetical model is proposed to deeply explore the impacts of subsystems such as Ren harmony, Wu harmony, and Shi harmony on engineering harmony, as well as the moderating effects of the natural ecology, social humanities, and political economy on engineering harmony. The results show that (1) natural ecology has a significant promotion effect on RH, SH, and engineering harmony; (2) social humanities have a significant enhancement effect on SH and engineering harmony; and (3) political economy does not play a significant role in any process. “Engineering harmony” is used to measure the effectiveness of engineering management, and a scientific scale is used to reflect this index. It provides a new idea for theoretical exploration and practical guidance in engineering construction management.

Analisa Audit Internal Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Berdasarkan Literatur Review Terindeks Sinta

This study aims to discover the consistency in previous research indicating the positive influence of internal audit on company financial performance. Qualitative methodology with a literature review approach is employed to strengthen arguments with information collected from articles published in national journals. The research identifies several factors influencing the relationship between internal audit and financial performance, including management roles, financial reporting quality, and external environmental factors that can moderate this relationship, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of internal audit on company financial performance.

Exploration of Risk Factors for Hemorrhoids in the Zhuang Population of Guangxi: A Case-Control Study

Background The prevalence of hemorrhoids in Chinese urban and rural residents is very high. However, the factors affecting the occurrence of hemorrhoids are not very clear, which is disadvantageous to the prevention of hemorrhoids. Objective: To explore the external environment and behavioral influencing factors of hemorrhoidsin the Zhuang population of Guangxi, China, and provide a basis for the prevention of hemorrhoids. Methodology: A case-control study method was used to collect hemorrhoid patients and non-hemorrhoid patients from the same hospital and department as the case group and control group. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the education level, family income, alcohol consumption, diet, taste, work position, and other information of the two groups of patients, and logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between various exposure factors and hemorrhoids. Result: A total of 11 variables were analyzed in this study, and it was found that education level, constipation, chronic gastritis, and dietary taste were associated with hemorrhoids (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.52; OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.50, 4.87; OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.36; OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.89). Conclusion Education level, constipation, and chronic gastritis can increase the risk of hemorrhoids, while bland diet can reduce the risk of hemorrhoids.

Study on current carrying capacity calculation model for dynamic capacity increase of carbon fiber reinforced composite core conductor

Abstract With the “dual-carbon” as the goal of the new power system construction gradually in-depth, transmission lines must have energy-saving capacity for the direction of development. A new type of large-capacity overhead transmission conductor is the carbon fiber reinforced composite core (CFCC) conductor. The conductor has high capacity, low loss, high-temperature resistance, low high-temperature sag, and other characteristics. It is one of the key technologies and equipment applied to the transformation of old overhead transmission lines to enhance its capacity. At the same time, it can also realize the dynamic transmission capacity regulation of the overhead line. The application of the prospect is very promising. The accurate assessment and calculation model for the conductor’s allowable current carrying capacity is the key core technical problem of the overhead transmission line dynamic capacity increase capability. The paper establishes a maximum allowable current capacity calculation model for carbon fiber-reinforced composite core conductors based on Morgan’s formula. The results of the load flow calculation are compared with the actual load flow test results to verify the calculation model, and the maximum error is 3.59%, which proves the reliability of the calculation model. On this basis, the influence of external environmental factors (ambient temperature, sunlight intensity, wind speed, and direction) on the maximum allowable current capacity of the conductor is discussed. The correlation coefficient of the model is analyzed.

On the issue of determining effectiveness and the quality of corporate financial management: theoretical and conceptual aspects

The current stage of economic development is characterized by such features as a high degree of uncertainty in external and internal environmental factors, a high level of competition, and the strengthening of the role of effective financial management of companies. These features determine the need to apply the theory and practice of corporate financial management, its modern tools to assess the effectiveness and quality of the company's financial management, which, in turn, contributes to the adoption by the company's management of sound management decisions necessary to achieve the strategic goals of its development.

УПРАВЛІННЯ СТАЛИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ МІНЛИВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

The need to solve the global problems of humanity has already convincingly and indisputably proven the feasibility of introducing the concept of sustainable development into the practical sphere of economic activity and management of business entities. However, the complexity and scale of the components of the trilemma of sustainable development create several risks and threats to the organization's management system. These risks are exacerbated by the unpredictable effects of external and internal business environment factors. The article examines the peculiarities of managing the activities of enterprises based on sustainable development under the influence of factors of a changing business environment. The proposed author's vision of the content of sustainable development is based on the combination of commercial and non-commercial goals of the company's existence. The implementation of the principles of the global concept of sustainable development in the practical sphere of enterprise management showed the urgent need to consider the challenges and risks exacerbated by the high degree of volatility and variability of the external business environment. Under such conditions, modern approaches to management are updated, which are based on the principles of risk management and allow effective management and leveling of the consequences of transformational transformations associated with the sustainable development of the company. It was determined that the key risks for sustainable business are environmental, social and managerial risks. Considering the nature of their origin and the nature of the manifestation, the article examines the phasing of the risk management process recommended by the world's leading companies when the company achieves the goals of sustainable development. A set of management methods based on the principles of sustainable business development is recommended under the conditions of the need to level the risks of the organization's changing environment. Among the main ones, the following are proposed: a method of analyzing hierarchy processes; method of analytical and network processes; a method of assessing the priority of organizational sub-risks of sustainable management; compliance, assessment of codes of business conduct, assessment of sustainability risks of supply chains. It was determined that the achievement of the goals and objectives of sustainable development and modern approaches to risk management of the business environment should be based on a more transparent disclosure of information about activities. The international standard IFRS S1 "General Requirements For Disclosures Of Sustainability-Related Financial Information" is not just a strategic guideline, but a necessity for the disclosure of information and the creation of a transparent information and analytical management base. This practice is now becoming mandatory for large and medium-sized businesses in foreign management practice, underlining its importance in sustainable business management.

Research on Influencing Factors and Wind Deflection Warning of Transmission Lines Based on Meteorological Prediction

Transmission lines are affected by external environmental factors such as strong winds and ice cover. In recent years, extreme weather events have increased, leading to recurrent disturbances in transmission lines because of wind deflection. These incidents have resulted in significant financial losses and have disrupted regular industrial and domestic activities. In this paper, the ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 finite element analysis platform was used to establish a transmission line-hanging insulator string system model. Calculations on transmission lines were conducted considering variations in different stall spacing, height differences, wind speed, and the wind attack angle. The impact of these diverse factors on the wind deflection of insulators was scrutinized, leading to the derivation of patterns describing how the wind deflection angle shifts in response to changes in stall spacing, height differences, wind speed, and the wind attack angle. Based on the generalized linear regression network and particle swarm improved support vector machine algorithm, a meteorological prediction-based early warning method for wind deflection of transmission lines was proposed, a transmission line wind deflection early warning model was established, and the practical effect of the model was evaluated. The outcomes of this study provide crucial data for the formulation and development of ultra-high voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission networks. Furthermore, they can contribute to the advanced detection of wind deflection issues.

Multifunctional elastin-like polypeptide nanocarriers for efficient miRNA delivery in cancer therapy.

The exogenous delivery of miRNA to mimic and restore miRNA-34a activity in various cancer models holds significant promise in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is often impeded by challenges, including a short half-life, propensity for off-target accumulation, susceptibility to inactivation by blood-based enzymes, concerns regarding patient safety, and the substantial cost associated with scaling up. As a means of overcoming these barriers, we propose the development of miRNA-loaded Tat-A86 nanoparticles by virtue of Tat-A86's ability to shield the loaded agent from external environmental factors, reducing degradation and inactivation, while enhancing circulation time and targeted accumulation. Genetically engineered Tat-A86, featuring 16 copies of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R)-binding peptide (AP1), Tat for tumor penetration, and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) for presenting target ligands and ensuring stability, served as the basis for this delivery system. Comparative groups, including Tat-E60 and A86, were employed to discern differences in binding and penetration. The designed ELP-based nanoparticle Tat-A86 effectively condensed miRNA, forming stable nanocomplexes under physiological conditions. The miRNA/Tat-A86 formulation bound specifically to tumor cells and facilitated stable miRNA delivery into them, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. The efficacy of miRNA/Tat-A86 was further evaluated using three-dimensional spheroids of lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) as in vitro model and LLC tumor-bearing mice as an in vivo model. It was found that miRNA/Tat-A86 facilitates effective cell killing by markedly improving miRNA penetration, leading to a substantial reduction in the size of LLC spheroids. Compared to other controls, Tat-A86 demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing the growth of 3D cellular aggregates. Moreover, at equivalent doses, miRNA-34a delivered by Tat-A86 inhibited the growth of LLC cells in allograft mice. Overall, these studies demonstrate that Tat-A86 nanoparticles can deliver miRNA systemically, overcoming the basic hurdles impeding miRNA delivery by facilitating both miRNA uptake and stability, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic effects.

A Study on the Impacts of ‘Youtube’ as an Earning Platform on the Motivation Factors of Generation Z in the Workplace

Motivation’ has been proposed as one of the significant and effective methods for handling employee related issues in an organization since the 18th century, when Industrial Revolution (IR) 1.0 transformed the livelihood of people. Human resource practitioners and scholars, through their past studies and research from different eras of time, have identified various factors that motivate the employees. As humans are complex, various motivation theories have been developed by the researchers to understand people’s motivation better from different perspectives including their needs. Studies have indicated that various employee-related issues including employee turnover, organizational commitment, employee retention have been resolved through implementing the recommended motivation factors. This whole scenario was effective enough for the prevailing generations including Baby boomers, Gen X and Gen Y, as in most of the cases, issues arise from either the employees or the management where there was a gap of expectation fulfillment between these two parties only. The key question is, apart from these two parties, how if an external environment factor (refers to social media – YouTube in this study), leave an impact on the motivation factors of employees, especially the Gen Z, who is the first generation stepped onto the globally connected world. The focus of this study is centered on exploring the impacts of ‘YouTube’ as an earning platform on the motivation factors of Gen Z in their workplace.

The use of probiotics and prebiotics in the restoration of aesthetic problems. What is a proteome?

A balanced microbiome protects against external environmental factors, strengthens the skin's defenses and slows the appearance of the signs of skin aging. In recent years, alternative treatments have been sought to treat various skin problems, through modification or supplementation of the microbiome, using prebiotics and probiotics. Cosmetics with probiotics and prebiotics are a rich source of proteins and vitamins and have been shown to strengthen the skin's proteome.

Molecular and radiocarbon constraints on the fate of sedimentary organic carbon in a human-impacted river-dominated ocean margin

Organic carbon (OC) burial in river-dominated ocean margins plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle, impacting atmospheric CO2 levels over the long term. Despite its significance, uncertainties persist regarding the influence of external environmental factors and intrinsic properties on sedimentary OC. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of surface sediments from the East China Sea, examining geochemical properties (including total OC content [TOC], Δ14C, δ13C, and C/N ratio), terrestrial biomarkers (n-alkanes), and mineral properties (such as specific surface area, Al/Si ratio, and mineral composition). Our aim was to shed light on the fate of sedimentary OC.The surface sediment's Δ14C values displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, delineating four distinct sub-regions. Strong positive correlations (all p < 0.01) were found between the ∆14C values and fine-grained sediments, specific surface area, and clay minerals, suggesting the potentially pivotal role of mineral protection in shaping the fate of sedimentary OC. The proportion of terrestrial OC gradually decreased towards the south, while marine OC proportion increased, corresponding to the enrichment of Δ14C. The co-variation of Δ14C values, mineral properties, and OC source proportions suggests that terrestrial OC may undergo progressive replacement by marine OC during southward transport. Temporal variations in ∆14C values indicated that seabed erosion led to a significant increase in ∆14C values (p < 0.01) in the coastal mud belt, a phenomenon likely common in river-dominated ocean margins globally due to the new sediment cycle during the Anthropocene.