Changes In External Environment Research Articles

ПРИНЦИПЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕНЯЮЩЕЙСЯ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the management of operational logistics activities of organizations in a changing external environment has certain specifics and requires a special approach and methodology. Adaptation to changing environmental conditions requires constant improvement and innovation in the field of logistics, and the study of management principles is an important step in this direction. The effective principles of managing operational logistics activities are include general rules, regulations and requirements which objectively justified and allow improving the logistics system at all. Different authors cite in their research different approaches to the classification of operational logistics management principles. The systematization the principles of operational logistics management includes: reliability and efficiency, scientific and preventive, including integration and concreteness, global optimization and total costs (their redistribution according to the theory of compromises), the development of service and coordination of logistics activities, taking into the principles of developing the necessary complex of subsystems, humanization and extras. The grouping of principles presented in the article in order to build the concept of managing operational logistics activities in a constantly changing external environment, it is proposed to supplement the following three principles: the principle of flexibility and adaptability, the principle of collaborative management and collaboration, the principle of digital information support. The use of the proposed principles in the practice of modern enterprises will optimize resource management, make informed decisions and improve operational efficiency in a rapidly changing external environment. The practical implementation of the highlighted new principles of operational logistics management is justified by the opinions of authoritative studies in the analyzed industry.

Characterization and virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae deficient in SaeRS of the two-component system.

There are a variety of regulatory systems in bacteria, among which the two-component system (TCS) can sense external environmental changes and make a series of physiological and biochemical reactions, which is crucial for the life activities of bacteria. As a member of TCS, SaeRS is considered to be an important virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus, but its function in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)-derived Streptococcus agalactiae remains unknown. To explore the role of SaeRS in regulating virulence in the two-component system (TCS) of S. agalactiae from tilapia, ΔSaeRS mutant strain and CΔSaeRS complementary strain were constructed by homologous recombination. The results showed that the abilities of growth and biofilm formation of ΔSaeRS strain were significantly decreased when cultured in a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium (P < 0.01). Also, the survival rate of the ΔSaeRS strain in blood was decreased when compared with the wild strain S. agalactiae THN0901. Under the higher infection dose, the accumulative mortality of tilapia caused by the ΔSaeRS strain was significantly decreased (23.3%), of which THN0901 and CΔSaeRS strains were 73.3%. The results of competition experiments in tilapia showed that the invasion and colonization abilities of the ΔSaeRS strain were also dramatically lower than those of the wild strain (P < 0.01). Compared with the THN0901, the mRNA expression levels of virulence factors (fbsB, sip, cylE, bca, etc.) in the ΔSaeRS strain were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01). SaeRS is one of the virulence factors of S. agalactiae. It plays a role in promoting host colonization and achieving immune evasion during the infection of tilapia, which provides a basis for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of S. agalactiae infected with tilapia.

Discontinuous dynamics in North Sea cod Gadus morhua caused by ecosystem change

Marine ecosystems worldwide experience abrupt changes and regime shifts in structure and functioning due to the interacting effects of multiple stressors. North Sea codGadus morhuais a key example of a species being strongly overexploited for decades, causing an abrupt stock decrease below scientifically advised sustainable levels. Despite reductions in fishing pressure in recent years, populations of North Sea cod have not yet recovered. Why recovery is hindered and especially how ecosystem dynamics interacted with fishing to create a stable low cod stock is an open question. Here, we sequentially apply change point and principle component analyses as well as stochastic cusp modelling to a long-term time series (1963-2018) to show that North Sea cod recovery is limited due to an interaction of fishing pressure, internal stock dynamics and external environmental changes. We found that cod biomass experienced nonlinear, discontinuous dynamics, given the interaction of fishing pressure and climate change-induced increases in temperatures, wind magnitude and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our results further demonstrate discontinuity in cod biomass due to low recruitment caused by a discontinuous relationship between stock biomass and environmental changes characterized by climate and zooplankton variables. Our study indicates that climate-induced changes in the environment have trapped North Sea cod in a depleted state, limiting the probability that the population will regain its role as a main target species for fisheries. Hence, we highlight the importance of incorporating discontinuous dynamics in fisheries management approaches to achieve sustainable exploitation levels and to identify thresholds of drivers to favour policies to prevent regime shifts.

The Constrained Disorder Principle Accounts for The Structure and Function of Water as An Ultimate Biosensor and Bioreactor in Biological Systems

The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines living organisms as systems that comprise an intrinsic disorder bounded by dynamic boundaries. Water plays a substantial role in multiple biological processes affecting nucleic acids' and proteins' structure and function. The paper describes the CDP-accounted water structure dynamicity and variability in water isomers ratio. Per the CDP, the variability in the ratios between water isomers is mandated for the inherent variability of biological systems. This variability underlies water's unique functions and enables the flexibility and adaptability required to cope with internal and external environmental changes. The CDP-dependent water structures also determine energy usage. The paper presents water molecules as ultimate biosensors for stimuli in the environment and as the ultimate bioreactors that respond to perturbations by changing the structure and function of the molecules in their vicinity. Finally, it describes the potential of using water-based signatures of variability to improve artificial intelligence-based algorithms developed for correcting disturbances of biological systems by increasing the degree of disorder in systems or tightening the disorder's boundaries.

Innovations in the System of Strategic Management of the Security of the National Economy

The article is devoted to the study of the significance of innovations in the system of strategic management of the security of the national economy in the context of globalization and uncertainty. The strategically important tasks of the modern state are the development of domestic science-intensive production, the development, implementation, development of innovative information technologies focused on the production of competitive products. It is concluded that innovations in the conditions of an innovative economy are not only the final commercialized result of innovative activity that has received demand among individual consumers, but also intermediate results of the innovation process in the form of an innovative idea being implemented in the field of marketing, management, and personnel management. The article systematizes the attributive properties of innovations in the conditions of an innovative economy. The degree of entrepreneurial risk is analyzed due to the need to constantly search for new ways of doing business in a changing external environment and in conditions of high competition. The concepts of “innovative activity” and “innovative process” in the system of innovative economy are distinguished. The system of innovativeness of entrepreneurship in an innovative economy is generalized, if an entrepreneur at any specific stages of the life cycle seeks to introduce innovations, new technologies, innovative forms of personnel management or non-standard forms of interaction with competitors.

THE DICHOTOMY OF IMPROVING STATE BUDGET EXPENDITURE: FROM ENSURING OPPOSITION TO RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE TO BUILDING A MODERN STATE INTEGRATED INTO WESTERN CIVILIZATION

Introduction. The period of resistance to the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine implies the need to solve fundamentally new tasks facing the state and the accumulation of a large layer of previously accumulated problems. This determines the key need to improve state budget expenditures. The purpose of the article is to develop main vectors for improving the management of state budget expenditures, aimed at ensuring the ability to resist the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the implementation of measures to build a modern state integrated into the European and Euro-Atlantic space. Results. The main vectors of improving state budget expenditures should cover a complex of directions: strengthening the organizational capacity of entities managing budget expenditures, improving priorities for the use of budget funds, establishing effective communications with society, modernizing the procedures for forming and implementing budget expenditures (budgeting technologies), and developing institutional support for the use budget funds. A set of measures has been defined for the period of resistance to the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the period of postwar development of the country with the aim of strengthening the organizational capacity of entities managing budget expenditures, which includes the development of human capital, the introduction of the latest digital technologies, the introduction of artificial intelligence and the strengthening of partnership ties. For the specified period, directions for strengthening the priorities of budget expenditures are outlined, which involve changes in each of the functions of budget expenditures in the economic system (placement, redistribution and stimulation) and in public administration (programming and control). The introduction and application of modern budgeting technologies in Ukraine is expedient in view of the possibility of applying relevant NATO documents during the period of resistance to Russian aggression on optimizing the allocation of resources to maximize the result in the defense sphere and taking into account the potential of European and Euro-Atlantic integration in the post-war period. Identified directions in improving the formation and implementation of budget expenditures, as well as the changing external environment, necessitate the development of institutional support for the budget process. Conclusions. The well-founded composition and content of measures to improve expenditures in the conditions of resistance to the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is aimed not only at solving the tasks that are relevant for this period, but also should create a favorable environment for a flexible transition for the further modernization of relations in the field of budget expenditures in the period of the country's post-war development and successful European and Euro-Atlantic integration.

Зміни стратегій розвитку підприємств в Україні та методологія їх формування в умовах воєнного часу

The purpose of the article is to define the changes that are currently taking place in the strategies of domestic enterprises in a full-scale warfare, to determine the methodology for forming new strategies of Ukrainian enterprises, as well as to find ways to establish the activities of Ukrainian business in a crisis situation. The article analyzes the problems of changing the strategies of Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of wartime. The factors that most significantly affect doing business in the conditions of russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine are substantiated. The priority tasks faced by domestic enterprises in modern economic conditions have been determined. The priority directions of supporting the economy of our State in the conditions of warfare are considered. The main factors hindering the restoration of the full functioning of enterprises in Ukraine are presented. The principles on which an enterprise can build effective digital marketing during the wartime are revealed. The advantages of the transition of domestic business to online markets are highlighted. The tools on which the methodology used while changing the strategies of domestic enterprises in the conditions of a full-scale war should be based are determined. The stages of the process of changing the strategy of Ukrainian enterprises and the interrelations between them are considered in detail. The conclusions of the article describe the directions in which there should be changes in the strategies of Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of a full-scale war. Prospects for further research relate to the development of the latest efficient methods of rapid formation of enterprise strategies and the search for strategic alternatives in conditions of uncertainty and a changing external environment.

A Novel Adaptive Spectral Drift Correction Method for Recalibrating the MarSCoDe LIBS Data in China's Tianwen-1 Mars Mission

The Tianwen-1 mission, China's first interplanetary endeavor and Mars Mission, touched the surface of the Red Planet on May 15, 2021. With the successful landing of the Zhurong rover on the southern Utopian Plain of the Mars, the Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) on board of the rover has started to analyze the material composition of the Martian surface by using the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). However, changes in instrument temperature and external environment during operation will cause spectral drift in LIBS data, leading to inaccurate material composition inversion results due to shifts in elemental characteristic peak positions. To address this problem, an adaptive spectral drift correction (ASDC) approach is proposed. By considering the distribution of characteristic peaks and drift differences between different elements, the proposed ASDC method corrects the spectral drift in LIBS science data according to an adaptive spectral segmentation strategy. Experimental results obtained on 36 real LIBS science data that acquired over 19 exploration activities confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of lower average drift values, by comparing with two reference methods. Taking the on-board calibration data as a reference, the average spectral drift values of the LIBS science data before and after applying ASDC decreased from 0.1012 nm to 0.0179 nm, 0.0926 nm to 0.0158 nm, and 0.1697 nm to 0.0103 nm in three LIBS channels, respectively. Furthermore, the resulting decrease in the standard deviation and root mean square error of the average drift values also proved the robustness of proposed method.

An Empirical Study on Technical Resources in Innovative Technologies Based on the Context of Chinese Iron and Steel Enterprises

Given the fact that the change of internal and external environment, iron and steel enterprises emphasize the management of technical staff through authorized leadership and the realization of innovative behavior and performance through the hard work of technical staff. Because of its own characteristics and advantages, technical staff has become the core force of innovation in iron and steel enterprises, which not only attracted the attention of iron and steel enterprise managers, but also attracts more and more attention from theoretical researchers. Among them, it has become an important topic and thus the purpose of this paper to study the influence of leadership style on innovative behavior and innovative performance of skilled employees. The implications of this study show that an authorized leadership style can meet the needs of technical employees for self-management, eager to be respected and engaging in innovative activities in a relatively relaxed environment. However, in the existing literature, there is not enough research on the intermediate mechanism of how authorized leadership affects the innovative behavior and performance of technical employees, especially from the perspective of psychological factors such as trust, emotion and psychological capital of technical employees. The quantitative design shows that the intermediary mechanism between technical staff’s innovative behavior and innovative performance needs to be further studied to reveal its internal law.

External influences and changes in the socio-cultural environment of Arab societies in XX century

External influences and changes in the socio-cultural environment of Arab societies in XX century

DAM: An Agent for Change in Organization to Cope with Disruptive Technology, Shifting Consumer Needs and Expectations

This paper emphasizes that DAM would help organizations respond to external changes in a dynamic environment and would promote internal changes in the organization. Firstly, from the organization's response to external changes, I would analyze the success and failure cases of organizations using a series of incremental and radical innovations to respond to changes in the external environment. And I would put forward the point of view that organizations need DAM to participate in change management in the context of the dynamic digital world. Secondly, in terms of internal changes in the organization, I would explain how DAM helps companies introduce technology, rethink business models, develop new workflows and processes, adjust structural changes and organizational culture, and promote better organization development. Finally, the focus of the discussion part is that for organizations that use DAM, although DAM may have agent power, the importance of individual agent power to the organization could not be ignored. At the same time, organizations also need to pay attention to the impact of identity, organizational identity, technological transformation, and the costs and risks the organization has to bear when introducing DAM strategies or departments.

Формирование системы маркетинга персонала

Personnel marketing is one of the strategically important elements of effective management system of a modern organization. Internal marketing covers all spheres of organization's personnel management beginning from the formation of requirements list of professional competencies for hiring new employees and up to the issues of stimulating permanent employees to professional growth, organizing additional training and professional retraining for better adaptation of employees to the changes in external and internal environment.

ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABLE OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS

Introduction. An important element of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine and the concept of the development of the system of financial support in the field of health care is the modernization of the financial mechanism of medical institutions, the development of new models of financial activity in the context of ensuring their stability and sustainability. The purpose of the article is to study the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of the financial stability of health care institutions in the context of sustainable development. Methods. The set goal was achieved using general scientific, special and empirical methods of learning processes and phenomena. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization are used to understand the sustainable development of society and the enterprise, the financial stability of health care institutions; scientific abstraction, structural-logical and tabular methods, structural-dynamic and coefficient analysis - to determine and analyze the financial stability of medical institutions. Results. The theoretical foundations and methodical approaches of the analysis of financial stability have been studied. The methodology was adapted to modern health care institutions that have acquired features of an entrepreneurial nature, an analysis of the medical institution was carried out, and indicators were calculated to determine the level of financial status. Conclussions. Therefore, the financial stability of communal non-profit institutions is the state of financial resources and their management, which ensures the balance of assets and liabilities in a changing external and internal environment and ensures constant solvency and investment attractiveness within the limits of an acceptable level of risk. Analysis of the financial stability of health care institutions allows us to assess their readiness to repay their debts, financial independence, trends in the level of this independence, the rationality of managing state and self-raised funds. The algorithm for determining financial stability includes the use of a balance sheet model of financial equilibrium, a three-component indicator, determination of the optimal degrees of coverage of sources of financial support for health care, and calculation of absolute and relative indicators.

The effect of strategic management accounting on strategic supply chain through internal and external orientation

This paper aims to empirically examine how public sector auditing agencies have strategically positioned themselves in a changing external operating environment and policy context. Specifically, this study aims to examine the effect of strategic management accounting on strategic supply chain positioning. The mediating roles of external and internal orientations were employed as mediating variables in this study. The research was conducted in the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) in December 2022 to January 2023 by involving a total sample of 325 respondents. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using a variance-based structural method using the Partial Least Squares path modeling method through SmartPLS software. The findings showed that there is a significant influence of strategic management accounting on strategic supply chain positioning. The findings also emphasized the mediating roles of internal orientation and external orientation in strengthening the effects of strategic management accounting on strategic supply chain positioning. The results highlighted that strategic management accounting plays an important role in helping public sector auditing agencies to strategically position themselves in auditing practices. In addition, internal orientation can also help organizations to optimize the use and the allocation of internal resources. The findings presented in this study theoretically contribute to explaining empirical evidence regarding the effect of strategic supply chain positioning in strategic management accounting activities in public sector accounting and auditing practices.

Вasic methods of strategic management of commodity flows in the domestic market

The internal market as a factor in the efficiency of reproduction processes is an effective engine for other branches of the national economy. With the help of the mechanism of supply and demand coordination, the market provides effective business relations. However, today the functions of market self-regulation are necessarily combined with the functions of the state regulation mechanism. Considering today’s problems, the regulation of the consumer market should be carried out according to a three-level system: at the central level, at the level of regions, and at the level of local governments. At each level, appropriate structural subdivisions with their specific tasks and functions should be created. The main task of society in regulating the consumer goods market is to optimize the circulation of goods. It is obvious that the lack of an effective mechanism is a serious destructive factor in the development of the sphere of consumer circulation in the modern economy. At the present stage, strategic planning is one of the principal management functions and in no way can be overlooked by either practitioners or scientists. From various aspects of planning (operational, current, prospective), the majority of experts now pay maximum attention to the prospective one, which is based on models of the enterprise development strategy in the conditions of the changing external and internal environment. The strategy is implemented in the context of the organization’s mission, and its fundamental objective is to ensure that the mission is connected with the organisation’s main goals in the changing economic environment. A person is always a potential creator of the necessary conditions for the evolution of society, and such action is determined through the mechanisms of consumption. Therefore, consumption should be considered as a process of satisfying needs with material and spiritual goods, which generates motivation to work, involves the use of the social product of certain needs, and is the final sign of social reproduction. The article examines the theoretical foundations of methods of strategic management of commodity flows at the micro level. The tasks of forming an organizational and economic mechanism for managing commodity flows (macro level), which provides the optimal variant for the movement of goods are defined. A mathematical description of the general equilibrium is presented. The basic methods of managing intra-production commodity flows at the micro level are formulated. The authoritarian solution of the rationing mechanism is substantiated, and the difficulties of implementing the rationing mechanism are outlined.

ОСНОВНІ АСПЕКТИ ПЕРЕХІДНОГО ПЕРІОДУ МІЖ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ РЕВОЛЮЦІЯМИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ)

The variability of the energy sector was studied in the periods between industrial revolutions, i.e. the restructuring of the system of production, consumption, transportation and supply of energy resources under the influence of a changing external environment. Specific trends were described in mineral extraction after 1900 and shown that the global increase in coal mining and hydrocarbon production from 1900 to 2019 increased the annual production of fossil carbon approximately 20 times, from 500 Mt in 1900 to 6 .7 Gt a century later and to 10.2 Gt in 2019. Because of the asymmetric distribution of minerals, this production led to global oil trade, but the analysis showed that there were significant limits and exceptions where global growth resulted in absorption and reduction of national production or a complete cessation of fuel production. Technical improvements were the most important factors in this cheap and productive extraction, transportation, and processing, as well as increased environmental friendliness. We have shown in the study that there has been a noticeable shift in the direction of higher-quality fuel, that is, from coal to oil and natural gas. The result of this process was the relative decarbonization of global fossil fuel production, while the absolute level of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere increased. In the article, we proposed promising directions and areas that require increased investment due to the needs of increasing the competitiveness of the economy, achieving overall sustainable development and the growth of energy innovations as a favorable factor that ensures the formation of Industry 4.0. We have determined that the development of leading technologies is a promising direction for ensuring the growing consumption of industry in the conditions of Industry 4.0. Technological changes are so powerful that they make our age both the most promising and at the same time full of threats in the history of mankind. The scientific provisions, conclusions and proposals formulated and substantiated by the authors can be applied for further scientific developments and at the legislative level to solve the problem of improving the energy sector in the conditions of the formation of Industry 4.0.

Realignment and change: CSIRO and industry 2000–10

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, CSIRO’s role broadened toward national mission-oriented research, less directly focused on supporting Australian industry. In terms of its legislated mandate, it deliberately placed increased emphasis on ‘contributing to the achievement of national objectives’ and less emphasis on ‘assisting Australian industry’. This change was accompanied by an organisational restructuring with the introduction of a national flagships' research program and a matrix management structure. We analyse this process of change and the reasons behind it and we investigate the effects of the new approach on CSIRO’s relationship with industry, and its technology transfer activities. While there was continuity in its commercial performance, the pattern of CSIRO’s client-directed research changed substantially, with a reduction in manufacturing-related research, and a notable growth in health- and environment-related research, in the main part for government agencies and departments. By the end of the decade the organisation had established a clear role for itself in the national innovation system, in which its relationship with Australian industry was no longer the dominant feature. It was a disruptive decade for CSIRO, but one in which the organisation demonstrated its capacity to adapt to a changing external environment.

Creation of heat-resistant, high-product breeds and hybrids of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori l.)

In the current era of highly developed science, technology and technology, the demand for natural fabrics is increasing year by year in the world market, and the world silk industry and science are led to the cultivation of mulberry varieties with high nutritional value and the creation of breeds and hybrids suitable for different seasons of the changing external environment. In recent years, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the practice of rearing mulberry silkworms several times a year has been used. However, there are no breeds and hybrids suitable for the hot summer conditions of our country, based on this, scientific research has been started in the direction of creating heat-resistant breeds at the Silk Research Institute. In this article, the results of the breeding of 6 breeds and 4 different industrial hybrids of mulberry silkworm under hot conditions are described. Based on preliminary data, Line 1 and Line 2 systems were found to have high embryonic and post-embryonic viability under hot summer conditions. However, the average cocoon weight of these systems was 1.68-1.73 g, cocoon shell weight was 339 mg, and cocoon silkiness was 19.6-20.2%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that Line 1 and Line 2 systems can be used as initial selection material for creating heat resistant breeds.

Development of performance indicators for sustainable enterprises

The sustainable development of industrial enterprises presupposes a qualitatively new investment level aimed at the transition to the cleanest, least resourceintensive and most waste-free production possible through a continuous process of innovation and investment projects implementation. At the same time, the current conditions for real investment are generally associated with increasing uncertainty (in particular, due to globalisation and progressive technical development), and therefore are accompanied by a high risk level, which certainly affects the ongoing projects results. The purpose of this study is to develop indicators for assessing the enterprises effectiveness, taking into account the changing external environment, the processes of transition to sustainable development of the economy. The methods of analysis, synthesis and generalisation have been applyed. The results can serve as a justification for the widely used today in practice and in economic science, but insufficiently substantiated position that in market conditions the economic efficiency of an income-generating object can be assessed by its market value. The asset owner is always interested in increasing the market value, therefore, it is generally accepted that an increase in the market value over a certain period is also an indicator of the economic efficiency of the object use by the owner, and vice versa, a decrease in the market value of a facility indicates the presence of factors impeding effective operations.

New management requirements in an accelerating changing external environment

The article examines the impact of scientific and technological progress and changes in politics and economics on management in organisation. The effectiveness of contemporary governance systems can be assessed using well-known criteria: average gain; a cautious observer (Wald’s criterion); Laplace criterion; maximax et al. The use of the VUCA-world philosophy has predetermined the search for a solution to the problem of developing new requirements for the knowledge and skills of managers and specialists in the organisation, the availability and formation of competences. In line with the aim of the work – to find new approaches and requirements for management decision-making and organisation management – new requirements for assessing the changing environment, the business response to these changes, and new aspects of managerial and personnel behaviour in organisations have been identified. It has been revealed that in business training it is necessary to pay more attention to the formation of the desire for self-improvement and the development of the ability to overcome difficult situations, to divide goals into subgoals, tasks into stages. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction have been used. Applying the results of the study in practice will improve the management of contemporary organisations.