External Applications Research Articles

Types of Fibers used in Non Implantable Medical textile and their Applications

Medical textiles have become an emerging sector in the technical textile market. The medical industry is persistently achieving novel production practices to develop high quality products in a biodegradable and eco-friendly way. The key factors of medical textiles are non-toxic, biologically compatible, high strength, resistant to allergens and cancer, comfort, antifungal and antimicrobial performance. The recent development in medical textile had made the hardest and painful days of the sufferers to snug days. Non-implantable materials are used on external applications of the body. It may or may not be in contact with the skin .These materials are used in diverse field such as products for wound ease, adhesive bandages ,protective eye pads ,plasters, surgical gowns, padding material, orthopaedic support belts, bandages etc. This article discusses the significance of Fibers used in implantable medical textiles products and their applications.

Ethno veterinary practices for cattle amongst traditional veterinary health care practitioners in palayamkottai, tirunelveli, tamilnadu

In the Palayamkottai, tirunelveli in tamilnadu, people make extensive use of medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases in cattle. The aim of the study was to identify the medicinal plants used to treat various ailments in cattle. Ethno veterinary survey was carried out using questionnaire and individual interviews from June to July 2024 in Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu. The study identified total of 53 plants species divided into 31 families used in the various cattle ailments such as Foot and Mouth Disease, Dysentery, Mastitis, wound, bleeding horns, abscess, to improve milk production, pain and contusion due to trauma in Cattle by traditional veterinary health care practitioners. 16 internal and external applications are prepared by using these species. Species from the Fabaceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae families are the most widely represented. Leaves, seeds, fruits and roots are the most commonly used parts. The results of the study provided all relevant information, particularly Ingredients, mode of preparation and route of administration.

Eucalyptus-Based Glued Laminated Timber: Evaluation and Prediction of Its Properties by Non-Destructive Techniques

Eucalyptus-based glued laminated timber (glulam) was produced to determine the feasibility of a non-destructive method (drilling resistance) to predict the properties of structural elements and add value to lower-quality hardwood species. Glulam was manufactured with formaldehyde (Resorcinol), reference condition, and bio-based (Castor oil-based) adhesives in two assembly schemes, the core composed either of two continuous lamellae each 105 cm long, or of two formed by the juxtaposition of shorter boards (35 and 55 cm). The shear strength of the glue line (fv0), modulus of elasticity (Ec90), and strength (fc90) in compression perpendicular to the grain; delamination (DL); and main and extended glue line thicknesses were evaluated. The Resistograph equipment was used to perform the perforation perpendicular to the glue line (samples extracted from the glulam elements) to correlate the properties. The results of this research demonstrate that the scheme of the boards had little effect on the physical and mechanical properties evaluated (except the main glue line and delamination), and the drilling resistance (DR) presents a significant correlation with practically all properties evaluated (variations in density values and other properties are explained by variations in DR values), making it possible to estimate Ec90 and fc90 with desired precision (R2adj ≈ 80%). This highlights the feasibility of using this methodology in the quality control of glulam elements. It is concluded that regardless of the adhesive, elements comprising a 105 cm-length core and external lamellae (T1 and control) are indicated for external use, presenting low delamination. Short-length central lamellae adhesively glued with PUR (T2) are not recommended for external applications due to their susceptibility to delamination. However, T2 is indicated for internal environments due to its low production cost. This study also proved the efficiency of using models based on drilling resistance to estimate wood density and its resistance to compression perpendicular to the fiber.

Building-block-flow computational model for large-eddy simulation of external aerodynamic applications

Computational fluid dynamics is an essential tool for accelerating the discovery and adoption of transformative designs across multiple engineering disciplines. Despite its many successes, no single approach consistently achieves high accuracy for all flow phenomena of interest, primarily due to limitations in the modeling assumptions. Here, we introduce a closure model for wall-modeled large-eddy simulation to address this challenge. The model, referred to as the Building-block Flow Model (BFM), rests on the premise that a finite collection of simple flows encapsulates the essential missing physics necessary to predict more complex scenarios. The BFM is designed to: (1) predict multiple flow regimes, (2) unify the closure model at solid boundaries and the rest of the flow, (3) ensure consistency with numerical schemes and gridding strategies by accounting for numerical errors, (4) be directly applicable to arbitrary complex geometries, and (5) be scalable to model additional flow physics in the future. The BFM is utilized to predict key quantities in five cases, including an aircraft in landing configuration, demonstrating similar or superior capabilities compared to previous state-of-the-art models. The design of BFM opens up new opportunities for developing closure models that can accurately represent various flow physics across different scenarios.

Tetrahedral grids in Monte Carlo radiative transfer

Context. To understand the structures of complex astrophysical objects, 3D numerical simulations of radiative transfer processes are invaluable. For Monte Carlo radiative transfer, the most common radiative transfer method in 3D, the design of a spatial grid is important and non-trivial. Common choices include hierarchical octree and unstructured Voronoi grids, each of which has advantages and limitations. Tetrahedral grids, commonly used in ray-tracing computer graphics, can be an interesting alternative option. Aims. We aim to investigate the possibilities, advantages, and limitations of tetrahedral grids in the context of Monte Carlo radiative transfer. In particular, we want to compare the performance of tetrahedral grids to other commonly used grid structures. Methods. We implemented a tetrahedral grid structure, based on the open-source library TetGen, in the generic Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT. Tetrahedral grids can be imported from external applications or they can be constructed and adaptively refined within SKIRT. We implemented an efficient grid traversal method based on Plücker coordinates and Plücker products. Results. The correct implementation of the tetrahedral grid construction and the grid traversal algorithm in SKIRT were validated using 2D radiative transfer benchmark problems. Using a simple 3D model, we compared the performance of tetrahedral, octree, and Voronoi grids. With a constant cell count, the octree grid outperforms the tetrahedral and Voronoi grids in terms of traversal speed, whereas the tetrahedral grid is poorer than the other grids in terms of grid quality. All told, we find that the performance of tetrahedral grids is relatively poor compared to octree and Voronoi grids. Conclusions. Although the adaptively constructed tetrahedral grids might not be favourable in most media representative of astrophysical simulation models, they still form an interesting unstructured alternative to Voronoi grids for specific applications. In particular, they might prove useful for radiative transfer post-processing of hydrodynamical simulations run on tetrahedral or unstructured grids.

Crystallographically textured zinc nucleation and planar electrodeposition for zinc metal batteries via magnetoelectric and magnetization effects

The premature failure of zinc metal anodes is critically associated with the uncontrollable nucleation and random orientation of hexagonal Zn electrodeposits. Herein, we realize to control the crystallographical texture of zinc crystal nuclei and enable planar electrodeposition by simply applying a magnetic field. We unveil the novel mechanism of magnetoelectric and magnetization effects on the different deposition behavior under magnetic fields. The magnetohydrodynamic effect can flatten the uneven electrode surface during electrodeposition by deflecting the motion of Zn2+ ions. Especially, influences of the Hall effect on electrode polarization and magnetization effect on crystallographical Zn nucleation are first uncovered and validated. We demonstrate the proper use of these magnetic field-related effects is propitious to dense, homogeneous, and highly reversible deposition/dissolution of Zn metal anodes. The cycle lives of Zn anodes are extended 2–4 times at different currents and cycling capacities. Moreover, exceptional reversibility of 99.85 % is achieved. Full cells with a low N/P ratio of 5.4 and ultrahigh cathode mass loading of 19.98 mg cm−2 can release stable capacity up to 3.2 mAh cm−2. Our study provides new paradigms for magnetic field regulation of Zn metal battery electrochemistry, as well as for other external field applications in adjusting battery performance.

Unraveling Calcium Absorption and Distribution in Peach and Nectarine during Fruit Development through 44Ca Isotope Labeling.

Calcium foliar applications are known to effectively enhance peach quality; however, the optimal implementation strategy regarding fruit developmental stages and cultivars remains unclear. In this study, three different moments of fruit Ca applications in peach and nectarine are tested: Early season, Mid-season, and Late season. For this aim, the 44Ca isotope was used as a tracer, enabling the quantification and location of the Ca derived from the foliar fertilizer. Stone, flesh, and skin 44Ca enrichment was separately analyzed at harvest. The results indicate that Ca absorption in the fruits from external CaCl2 applications was influenced by the timing of the application during fruit development, with Late-season applications proving to be the most effective in increasing the Ca content in the fruit, corresponding with a higher fruit size at the application moment. Nevertheless, no differences in the absorption efficiency were found between the three timings of the application. Furthermore, the Ca from the foliar fertilizer in the fruit predominately remained in the flesh, followed by the skin. The Ca derived from the foliar fertilizer reached the stone in all of the experimental situations, but the Early- and Mid-season applications resulted in the highest amount of Ca derived from the fertilizer in this part of the fruit. Interestingly, the peach exhibited a higher Ca absorption efficiency compared to the nectarine, likely due to the presence of trichomes that retain the foliar fertilizer on the fruit surface. In conclusion, the Ca absorption and distribution in peaches depends on the cultivar and timing of the Ca application.

Molecular disruptions in PTFE as the basis of a therapy-level skin dosimeter

75 μm thick PTFE tape attracts interest, forming the basis of a potential skin dosimeter capable of utilization in radiotherapeutic external beam applications. The medium is readily available, for instance in the form of ordinary plumber's tape as used herein, typically of 12 mm width mounted on a spool. A60Co (mean energy 1.25 MeV) irradiator has been used to deliver doses in the range 0.1- to 10 Gy, with disrupted molecular bonds inspected via Raman spectrometry. The peak of greatest magnitude, at a wavenumber of ∼734 cm−1, corresponds to the difluoromethylene (CF2) symmetric stretching mode. Reduction in the peak intensity is seen to occur over the range 0.1- to 5 Gy, covering the values of skin dose typically arising in a single fractionated radiotherapeutic treatment. Results from these preliminary investigations point to a technique offering viability for radiotherapy skin dosimetry, utilizing a soft, low atomic number medium of particularly low-cost, also available in hypoallergenic form.

Successful management of Osteomyelitis through Integrated Approach : A Case Report

Osteomyelitis is a severe condition characterized by the infection and inflammation of the bone and its bone marrow, thus quickly impacting the Harversian systems. It is often caused by bacteria, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteria being the most common organism. Conventional treatment typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, surgical debridement, and supportive measures. However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the adverse effects emphasize the need for complementary and alternative treatment approaches. The rationale for Ayurvedic is that inflammatory swelling is correlated with vidradhi. This case report discusses about the chronic inflammation of osteomyelitis caused by fracture of the humerus with mal-union which has been treated successfully through an Ayurvedic approach by administering Varunaadi Gana Kashaya (decoction), Nyagrodhadi Gana Kashaya (decoction), Arogyavardhini Vati (tablet), Lakshadi Guggulu (tablets), Local application of Jatyadi Taila (oil). Results: The patient was followed up every 7 days while on ayurvedic treatment. In the initial days, the wound was closed with a cast; after 10 days, the cast was removed, and discharge was drastically reduced culminating in overall wound healing. Conclusion: This case report highlights the successful management of osteomyelitis using Ayurvedic medicine as an adjunct therapy. The individualized Ayurvedic treatment plan, including internal medicine, external applications, and lifestyle modifications, contributed to symptom improvement, reduced inflammation, and promoted healing in the patient.

Palmoplantar keratoderma -An Ayurveda Approach

Skin diseases are a major health problem affecting a high proportion of the population in India. Palmoplantar Keratoderma is one of the common disorders of Keratinisation, it is Characterised by a diffuse or focal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles . All the skin diseases in Ayurveda are broadly classified under the umbrella of kushta .Vipadika is one among the kshudra kushta, characterised by Sphutana and teevra vedana in pani - pada . In the present case -report a patient c/o cracked and dry lessions over both the palms and feet associated with severe itching since 10 months , was treated with oral medicines and external applications respectively. After complete treatment for 3 months there was complete remission in the symptoms and there is no recurrence till date. From the current case report , it can be inferred that Palmoplantar Keratoderma can be treated with the appropriate Ayurveda medications.

NeuronLab: BCI framework for the study of biosignals

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow the acquisition of brain activity using non-invasive techniques such as Electroencephalography (EEG). Since BCI devices do not commonly interpret the acquired EEG signals, external software applications play a critical role in the BCI lifecycle. Despite the literature offering a great variety of platforms and frameworks, they present several limitations, such as implementing old software architectures or needing more functionality to cover all phases of the BCI lifecycle. Based on these limitations, this work proposes the design and implementation of NeuronLab, a secure, multi-platform, standalone, multi-paradigm, and web-based framework that defines all BCI lifecycle phases and provides novel functionality compared to current open-source BCI software, such as sharing experiments between researchers and storing data on the cloud. This framework has been validated in two experiments common in BCI literature: P300 identification and limb movements detection. This verification has been performed based on performance metrics, such as CPU and RAM consumption, highlighting that NeuronLab is a promising solution for BCI scenarios requiring a distributed and collaborative platform for researchers and practitioners.

Testing a novel life cycle assessment based framework for produced water management from offshore oilfield operations

As worldwide reliance on the petroleum industry persists, environmental concerns associated with offshore oilfield operations continue to present a critical challenge for sustainable management. This study develops and tests a novel life cycle assessment (LCA)-based framework to examine strategies for produced water (PW) management from offshore oilfield operations. The framework encompasses experimental designs under a dynamic modelling system coupled with stepwise linear regression, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), and fluctuating scenarios in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and other internal reuse options including cooling systems, drilling operations, and utility services. Two strategies for treatment train technologies were tested with various PW compositions, sludge management options, and variable EOR demands. When comparing conventional (corrugated plate interceptor, hydrocylone and nutshell filter) with recent treatment/disposal technologies (tubular separation, combined fiber coalescence and mechanical vapor compression), the LCA revealed that the latter increased operational efficiency (14%), reduced cost (6.5%) and the overall environmental impact categories (66%). The scenario that exhibited the lowest emissions incorporated recent treatment technologies and land application for sludge management. This configuration demonstrated considerable environmental advantages, evidenced by significant reductions in key impact indicators including freshwater eutrophication (74%), global warming (64%), marine ecotoxicity (58%), and stratospheric ozone depletion (44%) when compared to the baseline scenario with conventional treatment-disposal methods. The system dynamics model revealed that the internal reuse options exploited 23%–47% of PW inflow, indicating a significant annual surplus of unused PW that presents an opportunity for external applications to enhance sustainability. In closure, we argue that the proposed framework offers a valuable tool for waste management practitioners, facilitating the identification and selection of strategies with minimal environmental impacts for PW management.

Comparative performance of M-S-H cement vs. portland cement in fiber cement incorporating bamboo leaf ash and cellulosic fibers

This study evaluates the potential of alternative materials such as Hydrated Magnesium Silicate (M-S-H) cement, bamboo leaf ash (BLAsh), and cellulose fibers to enhance the sustainability and performance of fiber cement composites. Innovative in its approach, the research incorporates BLAsh and cellulose fibers into M-S-H and Portland cement (OPC) matrices using an innovative production process: extrusion. For the characterization of different formulations, a comparative analysis was conducted on samples with M-S-H and Portland cement matrices, with BLAsh replacing limestone and the addition of unbleached pine cellulose fibers. The analysis covered the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the composites. After a 7-day curing period, they were subjected to 200 cycles of accelerated aging to evaluate durability. Microstructural analysis revealed the binding potential of the M-S-H matrix used in this study due to the pronounced formation of M-S-H gel and reduced content of Mg(OH)2 over time. The formation of C–S–H and M-S-H gel as the main phase for each type of cement is even more evident in samples incorporating BLAsh, indicating the interaction between both types of matrices and bamboo leaf ash. The study demonstrated that adding BLAsh to the composites significantly improved the modulus of rupture of the OPC samples (approximately 32 %), while considerably reducing water absorption for the M-S-H samples (around 50 %). Aging affected water absorption differently in OPC and M-S-H samples, with OPC showing decreased absorption and the M-S-H showing increased absorption post-aging. The study proved both types of cement suitable for producing composites that meet NBR 15498 standards for external applications. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of these compounds for their production by 3D printing.

Surfactants' Interplay with Biofilm Development in Staphylococcus and Candida.

The capacity of micro-organisms to form biofilms is a pervasive trait in the microbial realm. For pathogens, biofilm formation serves as a virulence factor facilitating successful host colonization. Simultaneously, infections stemming from biofilm-forming micro-organisms pose significant treatment challenges due to their heightened resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hence, the quest for active compounds capable of impeding microbial biofilm development stands as a pivotal pursuit in biomedical research. This study presents findings concerning the impact of three surfactants, namely, polysorbate 20 (T20), polysorbate 80 (T80), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the initial stage of biofilm development in both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida dubliniensis. In contrast to previous investigations, we conducted a comparative assessment of the biofilm development capacity of these two taxonomically distant groups, predicated on their shared ability to reduce TTC. The common metabolic trait shared by S. aureus and C. dubliniensis in reducing TTC to formazan facilitated a simultaneous evaluation of biofilm development under the influence of surfactants across both groups. Our results revealed that surfactants could impede the development of biofilms in both species by disrupting the initial cell attachment step. The observed effect was contingent upon the concentration and type of compound, with a higher inhibition observed in culture media supplemented with SDS. At maximum concentrations (5%), T20 and T80 significantly curtailed the formation and viability of S. aureus and C. dubliniensis biofilms. Specifically, T20 inhibited biofilm development by 75.36% in S. aureus and 71.18% in C. dubliniensis, while T80 exhibited a slightly lower inhibitory effect, with values ranging between 66.68% (C. dubliniensis) and 65.54% (S. aureus) compared to the controls. Incorporating these two non-toxic surfactants into pharmaceutical formulations could potentially enhance the inhibitory efficacy of selected antimicrobial agents, particularly in external topical applications.

Exploring the gap: attitudes, knowledge, and training needs in complementary and integrative medicine among healthcare professionals at German university hospitals.

The use of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) is very popular among the general population in Germany. However, international studies show that nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals (HCPs) at hospitals often do not feel sufficiently informed about different CIM approaches. Moreover, they do not feel trained enough to counsel their patients appropriately. In the German-speaking context, particularly within university hospitals, research on this subject is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this explorative study was to evaluate attitudes, subjective knowledge, and needs regarding CIM among HCPs with direct patient interaction across all four university hospitals in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany (Tübingen, Ulm, Freiburg, Heidelberg). The multicenter, cross-sectional, anonymous full survey was conducted online using a self-developed, semi-structured, web-based questionnaire. Recruitment took place via all-inclusive e-mail distribution lists of all four university hospitals. A total of n = 2,026 participants (response rate varied by location from about 5 to 14%) fully answered the questionnaire. Nurses constituted the largest professional group (n = 1,196; 59%), followed by physicians (n = 567; 28%), physiotherapists (n = 54), psychologists (n = 48), midwives (n = 37), and other professions (n = 124). More than two-thirds (71%, n = 1,437) of the participants were female and 14% (n = 286) reported additional training in CIM. The overall attitude toward CIM (10-point Likert scale, 10 = "very favorable") was clearly positive (M ± SD: 7.43 ± 2.33), with notable differences between professional groups: midwives (9.05 ± 1.18), physiotherapists (8.44 ± 1.74), and nurses (8.08 ± 1.95) expressed the highest support, whereas physicians (5.80 ± 2.39) the lowest. 42% of the participants incorporated CIM in patient care (from 33% of physicians to 86% of midwives). Overall, relaxation therapy (n = 1,951; 96%), external applications (n = 1,911; 94%), massage (n = 1,836; 91%), and meditation/mindfulness (n = 1,812; 89%) were rated as useful or rather useful for patients. The average self-assessed knowledge level about CIM was moderate (M ± SD: 5.83 ± 2.03). Most of the participants found CIM training at university hospitals important and saw research about CIM as one of the tasks of university hospitals. The participants expressed the highest interest in education for acupuncture/acupressure, relaxation therapies, and manual medicine. This comprehensive survey of health care professionals (HCPs) at university hospitals in Germany reveals a clearly positive disposition toward CIM, aligning with findings from other hospital-based surveys and highlighting differences among professional groups. While most therapies deemed beneficial for patient care are supported by positive evidence, further research is required for others. Given the average self-reported knowledge of CIM, targeted education is essential to meet the needs of both HCPs and patients and to ensure the provision of evidence-based information on the risks and benefits of CIM.

3357: Impact of deformable image registration uncertainties for external beam radiotherapy applications

3357: Impact of deformable image registration uncertainties for external beam radiotherapy applications

Effects of Various Organic Fertilizer Sources and External Applications of Potassium Fulvate and Potassium Citrate on the Yield and Quality of Two Barley Varieties Grown under Salt Affected Soil

Effects of Various Organic Fertilizer Sources and External Applications of Potassium Fulvate and Potassium Citrate on the Yield and Quality of Two Barley Varieties Grown under Salt Affected Soil

Dynamic Image Optimization and Code Generation Platform for Enhanced Data Augmentation

In the rapidly evolving domain of machine learning, the critical role of data quality, particularly image data, cannot be overstated. This research introduces a novel system uniquely designed to significantly improve the preprocessing and augmentation of image data for machine learning applications. At its core, the platform emerges as a comprehensive solution, meticulously bridging the gap between the acquisition of raw image data and its transformation into an optimized form ready for machine learning algorithms. What has been discovered, is a multifaceted system that not only simplifies the enhancement of image data but also elevates the quality of machine learning models by providing access to advanced image optimization techniques. The system distinguishes itself through a highly intuitive user interface that guides users in selecting and applying a variety of optimization strategies. These strategies are meticulously designed to enhance image quality and diversity, which in turn, can significantly improve the performance of machine learning models trained with such data. The platform's backend, powered by Python and leveraging libraries such as OpenCV, Pillow, and scikit-image, coupled with a responsive front end, ensures a seamless user experience and high-quality image processing. The generation of Python code for each processed image is a distinctive feature that enhances the platform's educational value, allowing users to learn, customize, and integrate optimization techniques into their workflows. Moreover, the inclusion of an API extends the platform's utility beyond its web interface, facilitating the automation of data augmentation pipelines and integration with external applications. This platform not only meets the immediate needs of data scientists and machine learning practitioners for data preprocessing and augmentation but also contributes significantly to the field by promoting understanding and application of image optimization techniques.

Significance of Ayurvedic Cosmetology in Contemporary Context: A Critical Review

Introduction: The human skin, the body’s largest organ, serves vital functions in physical protection and health reflection. However, modern lifestyle factors often compromise skin health, leading individuals to rely on cosmetic products that may exacerbate damage. Materials and Methods: Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medicinal system, offers holistic approaches to skin care and beauty maintenance, emphasizing internal and external well-being. Ayurvedic texts detail various herbal formulations and practices for skin care, including external applications like Lepa and internal remedies such as Vayasthapan Mahakashaya and Varnya Mahakashaya. Results: Ayurveda addresses a broad spectrum of dermatological concerns, including skin and hair care, fairness, stretch mark elimination, foot care, hair coloring, removal, acne treatment, scar reduction, and dandruff management. These treatments are known for their safety, affordability, and high efficacy. Discussion: This review explores Ayurvedic principles and practices relevant to contemporary dermatological challenges, highlighting its effectiveness in skin care and beauty maintenance. Conclusion: Ayurveda presents promising solutions for modern skin care dilemmas, offering safe, affordable, and effective alternatives to conventional cosmetic products.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

To sustain a competitive edge amidst the dynamic nature of the current market and evolving technological landscape, manufacturing enterprises must ensure that their organizational resources, capabilities, and innovation procedures are optimized. In the manufacturing sector, innovators are known to earn twice as much as their less innovative counterparts, demonstrating the criticality of innovation. On that basis, this study used the RCO technique, which is an integrated approach to sustainable competitive advantage that focuses on resources, capabilities, and open innovation of the organization to improve decisions that lead to a lasting competitive advantage in a developing country. In addition, this study applied an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach for data analysis in calibrating the actual application of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in a company, especially in developing economies. The study results indicate that possessing valuable organizational resources necessitates adding distinctive capabilities to generate innovations that effectively contribute to attaining organizational objectives, specifically SCA. Moreover, through the utilization of positive knowledge ingress and outflow, open innovation is considered the industry eye of a business organization, with the purpose of accelerating innovation within the organization and expanding the market for innovations’ internal and external applications. In conclusion, an integrated model for sustainable competitive advantage, which is vital to the long-term growth and sustenance of businesses, was devised as a result of this study.