Extent Of Collaboration Research Articles

Teacher collaboration: good for some, not so good for others

This paper examines the outcomes of four Australian schools' efforts to promote greater collaboration between teachers in each school. Teachers' responses to questions about the nature and extent of collaboration they experienced at school revealed that teaming arrangements were in place in the four schools studied. Collaborative ways of working helped most teachers feel better about themselves and their work, and provided them with opportunities to learn from each other. However, a minority of teachers were negative about the new teaming arrangements claiming that the changes had led to an increase in their workloads, a loss of professional autonomy, and the emergence of damaging competition between teams for resources, recognition and power. The paper concludes with a call for further micropolitical work that problematises apparently self evident ‘goods’ like teacher collaboration.

An Analysis of Individual and Institutional Contributors to the Journal of Teaching in International Business

ABSTRACT This study traces the development of the Journal of Teaching in International Business (JTIB) in terms of its contributors of published research in the field of international business education. The study is based on an analysis of the 245 articles published in the first twelve volumes of JTIB. The reported results provide evaluative information, including the contributor authors, extent of collaboration, author attributes, institutional sources and geographic origins for research published by JTIB. The study concludes that, within a relatively brief span of time, JTIB has developed into a respected outlet for refereed research in international business education as evidenced by the substantial majority of contributing authors affiliated with quality institutions accredited by the AACSB.

Welfare Reform and Women's Health

SUMMARY The WCHPC studied the extent of collaboration between state women's health officials and TANF officials with respect to programs that affect the health and well-being of poor women. The kinds and extent of monitoring activities designed to gather information on the health status of this population were also examined. Great unevenness across states was revealed for both collaboration and monitoring. State-level interest in improving both was assessed, barriers to improvement were identified, and recommendations for steps forward were solicited.

Workplace empowerment, collaborative work relationships, and job strain in nurse practitioners.

To test a theoretical model linking nurse practitioners' (NPs) perceptions of workplace empowerment, collaboration with physicians and managers, and job strain. A predictive, nonexperimental design was used to test a model in a sample of 63 acute care NPs and 54 primary care NPs working in Ontario, Canada. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, the Collaborative Behaviour Scale--Parts A (physicians) and B (managers), and the Job Content Questionnaire were used to measure the major study variables. The results of this study support the proposition that the extent to which NPs have access to information, support, resources, and opportunities in their work environment has an impact on the extent of collaboration with physicians and managers, and ultimately, the degree of job strain experienced in the work setting. Primary care NPs have significantly higher levels of workplace empowerment, collaboration with managers, and lower levels of job strain than acute care NPs. These findings will benefit NPs and nursing leaders in their efforts to create empowering work environments that enable NPs to provide excellent quality patient care and achieve organizational outcomes.

Collaboration Between Team Members in Inclusive Educational Settings

SUMMARYThe inclusion of students with disabilities into general education settings and programs has necessitated the development of integrated, collaborative service delivery models that are compatible with the goals and purpose of inclusive education. Although there is considerable theoretical literature on collaboration, there is minimal empirical data available on the process or its outcomes. The purpose of this exploratory study was to gain insight on the perspectives of regular and special educators, and occupational, physical, and speech-language therapists towards collaboration. Using a semi-structured interview, participants (n = 51) responded to questions concerning the definition, nature, and extent of collaboration in their school setting. Participants also responded to questions related to the advantages of, barriers towards, and strategies to promote collaboration. Participants typically defined collaboration as not a problem-solving process, but in terms of activities associated with it. Results indicate that participants believed collaboration was mutually beneficial for both students and team members. However, implementing a collaborative approach was problematic. Lack of administrative approval for time for planning meetings was the most frequently cited barrier to collaboration. Although 51.6% of the participants reported time available for collaborative planning by regular and special educators, only 21.5% of the participants reported this time being available for therapists to meet with educators. Education about collaboration, either in professional/preservice education programs or as continuing education, was recommended as a strategy to facilitate a collaborative approach. Although a collaborative approach is being used by therapists and educators more and more frequently, there is a need for research to validate its efficacy.

Disaster mitigation and preparedness: the case of NGOs in the Philippines.

The Philippines is very vulnerable to natural disasters because of its natural setting, as well as its socio-economic, political and environmental context--especially its widespread poverty. The Philippines has a well-established institutional and legal framework for disaster management, including built-in mechanisms for participation of the people and NGOs in decision-making and programme implementation. The nature and extent of collaboration with government in disaster preparedness and mitigation issues varies greatly according to their roots, either in past confrontation and political struggles or traditional charity activities. The growing NGO involvement in disaster management has been influenced by this history. Some agencies work well with local government and there is an increasing trend for collaborative work in disaster mitigation and preparedness. Some NGOs, however, retain critical positions. These organisations tend to engage more in advocacy and legal support for communities facing increased risk because of development projects and environmental destruction. Entry points into disaster mitigation and preparedness vary as well. Development-oriented agencies are drawn into these issues when the community members with whom they work face disaster. Relief organisations, too, realise the need for community mobilisation, and are thus drawn towards development roles.

Female Relationships and Demographic Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper examines possible ways in which female relationships can affect demographic outcomes within the context of an extended family structure in sub-Saharan Africa. The level of collaboration and competition that exists among coresident women is likely to have an impact on fertility through changes in birth spacing and stopping behavior. In addition, the extent of collaboration could be a contributing factor in the survival chances of infants and young children. Given the multitude of ethnic groups found on the African continent, the paper also addresses the independent and interactive roles of culture. The paper ends with a discussion of theoretical and methodological implications for demographic research and suggestions for further study.

Collaboration and practice patterns among urologists and gynecologists in the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse: A survey of the International Continence Society members

Both urologists and gynecologists are involved in the care of women with urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor prolapse (PFP). This study was designed to examine the differences among urologists and gynecologists who treat UI and PFP, and to characterize the collaboration between them. A 14-question survey was mailed to the International Continence Society (ICS) members who are urologists or gynecologists. Questions dealt with professional training, type of practice, volume of UI and PFP procedures, preferred procedures for various types of UI and PFP, and the type and extent of collaboration. Of the 666 urologists and gynecologists to whom the questionnaire was sent, 229 responded (34.4% response rate). Among them, 63.7% were urologists and 36.2% were gynecologists. Collaboration in the operating room was reported by 140 responders (50.7%) and was significantly correlated with the specialty, and with the country of practice, with P values of 0.004, and 0.004, respectively. Collaboration in the operating room was reported mainly in procedures for the correction of vaginal vault prolapse or enterocele, and hysterectomy. It was not statistically correlated with the time dedicated to UI and PFP, the volume of surgeries performed, UI and PFP fellowship training, university hospital affiliation, and years in practice. Reasons for not collaborating in the operating room included familiarity with all or most of the anti-incontinence and pelvic floor reconstruction procedures (44.5%), unavailability of the other professional (6.1%), and reimbursement problems (3.1%).%While urologists and gynecologists do collaborate extensively in clinical research and diagnosis of challenging cases, surgical collaboration is limited to procedures traditionally performed by gynecologists. Future training programs exposing trainees to both fields of expertise may enable better ground for collaboration and improved care for women with UI and PFP. Neurourol. Urodynam. 20:3–11, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Enhancing the learning environment for distance education students

This paper reports on the development of an asynchronous learning environment for the teaching of introductory macroeconomics to approximately 200 distance education students. The research supports evidence in the current literature that computer mediated communication and in particular, collaborative learning, can make a positive difference to the educational experience of some students. These findings are based on both quantitative and qualitative data gained from student evaluations, participation levels, staff interviews and an analysis of the online communication. The discussion centres on the extent of collaboration, the role of assessment, adaptation of curriculum and pedagogy and the students’ attitudes to economics.

Delivery and interactive processing of visual data for a cooperative telemedicine environment.

Cooperative telemedicine environments are required for many situations such as consultations between residents and senior doctors, case correlations, and for teaching and research purposes. The mode of collaboration may vary with different situations, in terms of the synchronisation of tasks, the sharing of data and the extent of collaboration among participants. It is essential for participants to be able to remotely view and manipulate visual data (images, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics, animation, and video) as well as interactively run application programs that involve visual data in real-time. However, this is not possible with current network bandwidth limitations when large amount of visual data are involved. In this article, we first provide an analysis of functional requirements by participants in cooperative diagnosis in different types of situations, before discussing technical requirements, which form the basis for our system architecture design. A new approach is also presented for efficient handling of programs, which involve visual data in real time. This is achieved via the construction and transmission of small messages that encapsulate the operations in a pipelined or hierarchical fashion.

Collaboration and practice patterns among urologists and gynecologists in the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse: a survey of the International Continence Society members.

Both urologists and gynecologists are involved in the care of women with urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor prolapse (PFP). This study was designed to examine the differences among urologists and gynecologists who treat UI and PFP, and to characterize the collaboration between them. A 14-question survey was mailed to the International Continence Society (ICS) members who are urologists or gynecologists. Questions dealt with professional training, type of practice, volume of UI and PFP procedures, preferred procedures for various types of UI and PFP, and the type and extent of collaboration. Of the 666 urologists and gynecologists to whom the questionnaire was sent, 229 responded (34.4% response rate). Among them, 63.7% were urologists and 36.2% were gynecologists. Collaboration in the operating room was reported by 140 responders (50.7%) and was significantly correlated with the specialty, and with the country of practice, with P values of 0.004, and 0.004, respectively. Collaboration in the operating room was reported mainly in procedures for the correction of vaginal vault prolapse or enterocele, and hysterectomy. It was not statistically correlated with the time dedicated to UI and PFP, the volume of surgeries performed, UI and PFP fellowship training, university hospital affiliation, and years in practice. Reasons for not collaborating in the operating room included familiarity with all or most of the anti-incontinence and pelvic floor reconstruction procedures (44.5%), unavailability of the other professional (6.1%), and reimbursement problems (3.1%). While urologists and gynecologists do collaborate extensively in clinical research and diagnosis of challenging cases, surgical collaboration is limited to procedures traditionally performed by gynecologists. Future training programs exposing trainees to both fields of expertise may enable better ground for collaboration and improved care for women with UI and PFP.

Exploring decision-making for environmental health services: perspectives from four cities.

Increasing resources are being allocated to environmental health monitoring, especially for developing methods and collecting data to construct environmental health indicators (EHIs). Yet, little research has focused on understanding how communities and service providers make decisions with regard to environmental health priorities and the role of indicators in this process. This paper presents insights regarding local decision-making that arose from a project to test the feasibility of using community-based EHIs to facilitate communication between the providers and the recipients of environmental services in four developing-country cities. The results of the study indicate that decision-making for environmental health services is complex and iterative rather than rational and linear. Contextual and process factors play an important role. These factors include the morale of service providers, the extent of collaboration between service agencies, the priorities of different community groups and relations between service providers and communities. Scientific information, in the form of EHIs, did not appear to be a key element of decision-making in the settings studied. As tools, EHIs are unlikely to become part of the decision-making process unless they are integrated with local agendas and backed by strong local representation.

Replaying history as farce: Postmodernism and the construction of Vichy in Delicatessen

In the 1990s, at the same time as political and intellectual debate in France has focused on the extent of collaboration in the Vichy period, a number of films have produced contrasting examinations of complicity and resistance during the German Occupation. This article concentrates on the construction of national identity through a reading of one such film, the critically and popularly acclaimed Delicatessen. It is argued that the domination of the film's narrative by pastiche and textual allusion is central to its production of a critical discourse on Vichy France, particularly through its representation of gender relationships and patriarchy. There are, however, important caveats. Firstly, that this discourse is de‐centred, characterised by temporal confusion and displacement; and secondly, that it does tend to incoherence. It is perhaps this confusion which best typifies the anxieties of the contemporary cinema of the Occupation taken as a whole.

Environmental science in the UK: A bibliometric study

Scientific publications in the peer-reviewed open literature are a major output of research and a key mechanism in the dissemination of knowledge. This report examines the publication record of selected subject categories with strong links with the environmental sciences in the Institute for Scientific Information database. UK publications and citations are compared with the world output and that from a number of overseas countries. A standard set of measures is used to look at the number of papers produced, their impact and the extent of collaboration between UK scientists and colleagues in industry and overseas. UK environmental science emerges as a mature research system with strength across many disciplines and impact levels above the world average. However, for a number of the fields examined, the priority given by the UK to the environmental sciences within its overall science programme appears to be lower than that given by other countries. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

Authorship in "College & Research Libraries" Revisited: Gender, Institutional Affiliation, Collaboration

This article updates earlier studies by Gloria Cline and Paul Metz on the characteristics of authorship of articles published in College & Research Libraries, focusing on gender, institutional affiliation, and extent of collaboration. Between 1989 and 1994, representation by academic librarians and authors affiliated with library schools increased, collaboration became predominate, and for the first time the number of primary women authors equaled that of men. Considering all coauthors, female authors outnumbered men. The largest proportion of authors were women academic librarians who coauthored articles. Women, however, were underrepresented among authors affiliated with library schools and among academic administrators.

Collaboration between France and the UK in R&D and Technology Transfer

Recent analyses in France and the UK of the role of R&D and technology transfer in the national economy have emphasized different problems but the same conclusion. Both governments recognize that the transfer of technology has to be improved to take full advantage of the national R&D effort. The author assesses the extent of collaboration between the two countries and considers activities of ANVAR, the French National Agency for Innovation, and the British Technology Group to enhance interaction and increase the effective commercialization of innovations.

Cancer in Developing Countries: Opportunity and Challenge

Epidemiologic observations indicate that environment and lifestyle are the major determinants of the geographical patterns of cancer. The developing countries, which account for 75% of the world's population, have lower incidence rates of cancer compared with the industrialized nations but bear more than half the global cancer burden. Demographic trends resulting from economic progress (decreasing incidence of infectious diseases, population growth, aging, and urbanization), coupled with increased tobacco consumption and dietary changes, indicate that developing countries will bear a continually increasing proportion of the world's cancer burden and its accompanying demand for the provision of costly treatment programs. Yet the developing countries command only 5% of the world's economic resources, and health care programs are already fully extended and frequently inadequate. Thus, cancer control in the developing countries, including preemptive prevention of the anticipated increases in cancers presently more common in the industrialized nations (e.g., lung, breast, and colon), should include much greater emphasis on cancer prevention than is presently the case. But there is another perspective. The developing countries, with their dramatic contrasts in lifestyles and environments and equally diverse patterns of cancer, provide an unparalleled, and often neglected, opportunity for studies directed toward understanding the mechanisms of environmental carcinogenesis. Such an understanding should eventually lead to the development of novel intervention approaches. Unfortunately, cancer research is much more difficult to conduct in the developing countries because of the lack of population-based registries, poor communication and transportation systems, and deficiencies in infrastructure, financial support, and the training of health professionals. These difficulties could be overcome, to the benefit of all, if the extent of collaboration in cancer research between the developing and industrialized nations were to be greatly expanded.

Economic Development Activity among Land-Grant Institutions

Introduction The purpose of this study was to gather, interpret, and present empirical data to increase understanding about the nature and level of contemporary economic activity among American colleges and universities. The secondary purpose was to contribute information to decision makers and researchers concerned with business-university initiatives. As a well-recognized subset of institutions uniquely oriented toward applying knowledge to address directly social and economic problems, land-grant institutions were selected for the study sample. Limited empirical data are available to inform institutions and government policy makers on this topic, yet significant commitments are being made by academic institutions and government at all levels to involve these institutions more directly in economic |9, 19, 24, 28~. Previous work on business-university initiatives has tended to examine research impacts primarily, argue for increased (or decreased) involvement of such institutions in economic development, or focus on policy. Much of this literature has been conjectural or superficial in its discussion of factors influencing university-industry initiatives. The present study sought, specifically, to (a) describe the many factors influencing institutions' decisions associated with economic initiatives, (b) assess the degree of their impact on involvement, and (c) determine the degree to which academic personnel policies were affected or related to increased institutional involvement. Related Literature, Context of this Study Land-grant institutions were created through the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 to train students in the agricultural and mechanic arts to meet the needs of industry and agricultural technology during that period |14~. The obligations of their national grants emphasized service: On the whole, the land-grant institutions were conscious of the great debt they owed to the public largess |1, p. 33~. Land-grant institutions number 72 today, comprising about half of the 149 members of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges (NASULGC) |24~. The United States Office of Education ceased collecting separate statistics on the land-grant institutions in 1963 |1, p. 1~. The land-grant idea represents a political ideal. The diminishing of their uniqueness is due to the adoption by other institutions of the basic concepts of the land-grant idea: democratization of education; applied or mission-oriented research conducted to the benefit of the people of the states; and service rendered directly to these people |1, pp. 1, 2~. These institutions have, since their inception, played central roles in state and national economic development |17, p. 61~. Today American colleges and universities of varied heritage are expected to respond to local, state, and national economic and industrial competitiveness needs |4, 7, 20, 25, 27, 28, 32~. Industry-academe partnerships are touted in many quarters |16, 22, 25, 29~. Such partnerships are not a new feature in American life but appear to be changing in character, extent of collaboration, and number |3, 26~. Universities are generally not seen as primary sources of new businesses; for example, they hold only about 2 percent of the active patents in the United States |35~. In some cases, such as Silicon Valley, California, and the University City section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, they may be initial and essential, but not the primary, sources of new business formation |15~. Yet they are regarded as key to the mix |21~ that results in prosperity in an increasingly information-based economy |20, 32~, including manufacturing-oriented subeconomies |23~. Economic has been understood to be the process by which underdeveloped nations or less advanced regional economies are accelerated toward parity with more advanced, generally more prosperous, societies. …

The community drug team.

The creation of a network of nearly 100 community drug teams (CDTs) across the UK stands as the most significant expansion to occur within drug services during the 1980s. Key characteristics include the narrowly defined geographical focus, the community emphasis, the multi-disciplinary composition and the promotion of generic contribution through 'consultancy'--as with Community Alcohol Teams. Subsequent adaptations have extended from the base of the CDT with outreach strategies and harm-minimization techniques. However, the extent of collaboration from generic colleagues (especially general practitioners) has been initially poor and is only slowly improving. An unplanned abandonment of the original consultancy role for the CDT is widely evident, as CDT workers have become more actively involved in the delivery of care--either directly or on a 'shared care' basis. It is proposed that separate consideration should be given to short- and long-term development strategies, including re-examination of the target populations, staffing composition, and methods of work through consultancy and/or direct provision of care.

Environmental science research in India: An analysis of publications

Investigates the trends in environmental science research in India with regard to its various branches, channels of communication used, authorship pattern of the papers, institution-wise output, rank of journals, extent of collaboration and scholarship of papers basing the entries noticed in theParyavaran Abstracts. Major areas of interest of Indian environmentalists are given and prolific investigators have been listed. Journals used by Indian workers for publication of their work are studied. Subject areas with number of papers, number of authors, and average authorship are tabulated.