Extensive Line Research Articles

Competitive Landscape and Strategic Adjustments of CHAGEE's Market Share

In today's rapidly changing consumer market, the tea beverage industry has captivated a wide audience with its unique charm, becoming a focal point for numerous investors. Among these, CHAGEE has swiftly captured the market with its distinct brand positioning, extensive product line, and superior quality control, quickly becoming a favorite among consumers. Recently, CHAGEE has been particularly prominent. On April 26, 2024, Zheng Qinwen was signed as the "Health Ambassador," and shortly after, Zheng won a gold medal at the Olympics, bringing honor to the country. This remarkable synergy has thrust CHAGEE into the spotlight. As a dark horse in the new-style tea beverage track, CHAGEE has garnered significant attention from younger consumers. By September 2024, CHAGEE had expanded to over 5,500 stores. In 2024, CHAGEE aims to surpass Starbucks China in sales volume. Thus, maintaining a leading position in fierce market competition and further increasing market share are crucial challenges for CHAGEE.

ПОДХОД К ВЕКТОРИЗАЦИИ ЧЕРТЕЖЕЙ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ НА БУМАЖНОМ НОСИТЕЛЕ

The work proposes a solution to the problem of vectorization and machine interpretation of drawings of design documentation on paper, which provides the ability to automate the transfer of images of products, parts and assembly units into CAD systems. A number of neural network architectures have been proposed for detecting and recognizing the main elements of a drawing (frame, title block, specification, views, projections and sections), inscriptions, dimension and extension lines, as well as primitives that directly describe the product. For hierarchical and interconnected vectorization, a mechanism for semantic segmentation of drawings based on a graph neural network is proposed. The results of the implementation of the main stages of solving the problem of vectorization of design drawings are presented.

The W2024 database of the water isotopologue H216O\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\rm{H}}}_{2}^{\\,16}{\\rm{O}}$$\\end{document}

The rovibrational spectrum of the water molecule is the crown jewel of high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. While its significance in numerous scientific and engineering applications and the challenges behind its interpretation have been well known, the extensive experimental analysis performed for this molecule, from the microwave to the ultraviolet, is admirable. To determine empirical energy levels for H216O\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\bf{H}}}_{{\\bf{2}}}^{\\,{\\bf{16}}}{\\bf{O}}$$\\end{document}, this study utilizes an improved version of the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) scheme, which now takes into account multiplet constraints and first-principles energy-level splittings. This analysis delivers 19027 empirical energy values, with individual uncertainties and confidence intervals, utilizing 309 290 transition wavenumbers collected from 189 (mostly experimental) data sources. Relying on these empirical, as well as some computed, energies and first-principles intensities, an extensive composite line list, named CW2024, has been assembled. The CW2024 dataset is compared to lines in the canonical HITRAN 2020 spectroscopic database, providing guidance for future experimental investigations.

Effect of local laser heating on fatigue crack propagation rate of AA2524 thin plate

To extend the operational lifespan of the AA2524 aircraft panel, the surface of the AA2524 specimen was locally heated by laser. The specimen’s microhardness distribution and surface residual stress (RS) were tested, as was its fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). The fatigue fractography of specimen was also observed. The FCGR of specimen after laser heating was predicted by the weight function method (WFM). The consequences indicate that when the laser power is lower than 900 W, the hardness of the heating zone on the surface of the specimen decreases by no more than 10 HV0.5. Compared to the base material (BM) specimen, transverse heating specimen creates a maximum compressive residual stress (CRS) of 32 MPa along the crack extension line. This can effectively stop the crack propagation. When laser power with the transverse heating is 900 W, the crack propagation suppression effect is optimal. The fatigue life of heated specimen is increased by 108.5 % compared to the BM specimen under a constant amplitude load with the maximum load of 2600 N and R of 0.1, and the fatigue life of heated specimen is increased by 46.4 % under a constant amplitude load with the maximum load of 3300 N and R of 0.1. The spacing among 6 adjacent striations of specimen after transverse heating is shortened from 2.79 μm to 0.88 μm compared with the BM specimen. The Walker model, which is based on the WFM, has high accuracy in predicting FCGR of specimen after laser heating under various load conditions. It is evident that local laser heating technology can extend the service life of aviation aluminum alloy panels.

Accurate Measurement of Tower Grounding Resistance for Single-Tower and Multi-Tower Parallel Scenarios Based on the Clamp Meter Method: For the Sustainable Operation of Towers

Transmission tower grounding safety is a critical element that significantly impacts the reliability and sustainability of power grids. Tower grounding resistance is a significant grounding characteristic parameter. In order to accurately measure the grounding resistance of towers using the clamp meter method in both single-tower and multi-tower parallel scenarios, this paper establishes theoretical calculation models for measuring tower grounding resistance using the clamp meter method. Considering the interaction between the artificial grounding device and the tower foundation, this paper models and simulates transmission towers and lightning shield wires, analyzing the influencing factors on the grounding resistance measurement results using the clamp meter method in both single- and multi-tower parallel scenarios. The results show that for single towers, the clamp meter measurement results increase with decreasing foundation root spacing and increasing length of the artificial device’s extension lines, but the changes are relatively small. In multi-tower grounding scenarios, due to the shunting effect of the parallel branches formed by the towers and lightning shield wires, the value is smaller than in single-tower grounding scenarios. Changing the number of parallel towers and the type of lightning shield wire produces little effect on the measurement results. However, changes in soil resistivity have the most significant impact. Therefore, correction formulas for the impact of soil resistivity on clamp meter measurements are proposed and then verified by applying them to field tests.

CarryPro Backpacks: Creating a Niche in Backpacking

The backpacking market in the Indian luggage industry is growing steadily, driven by the increasing popularity of adventure travel and backpacking among the younger generation. In 2018, CarryPro entered the Indian market with the intention of focusing on the need for lightweight, durable backpacks. For ultralight luxury travel, CarryPro backpacks were superior. Ankit Agarwal (founder and CEO) has highlighted the competition-related challenges to CarryPro’s growth. Wildcraft, Quechua and Decathlon dominate the backpack market in India. Other brands are also gaining popularity in India, with brands like Thule, Peak Design, and Patagonia becoming more widely available. The competition has heated up because of the growing interest among our rivals in backpacks’ utility. CarryPro, which entered the market with just three products, faced severe competition from established companies with extensive product lines. The company contemplated raising backpack sales by 20%–30% annually. However, they knew carving a niche among backpackers would be challenging without using sound distribution, branding and positioning strategies. The brand strategy and sales and distribution network operated by CarryPro proved to be the company’s deciding elements in the long run. Hence, the founder contemplated various branding, positioning and distribution strategy options.

Quantifying allele-specific CRISPR editing activity with CRISPECTOR2.0.

Off-target effects present a significant impediment to the safe and efficient use of CRISPR-Casgenome editing. Since off-target activity is influenced by the genomic sequence, the presence of sequence variants leads to varying on- and off-target profiles among different alleles or individuals. However, a reliable tool that quantifies genome editing activity in an allelic context is not available. Here, we introduce CRISPECTOR2.0, an extended version of our previously published software tool CRISPECTOR, with an allele-specific editing activity quantification option. CRISPECTOR2.0 enables reference-free, allele-aware, precise quantification of on- and off-target activity, by using de novo sample-specific single nucleotide variant (SNV) detection and statistical-based allele-calling algorithms. We demonstrate CRISPECTOR2.0 efficacy in analyzing samples containing multiple alleles and quantifying allele-specific editing activity, using data from diverse cell types, including primary human cells, plants, and an original extensive human cell line database. We identified instances where an SNV induced changes in the protospacer adjacent motif sequence, resulting in allele-specific editing. Intriguingly, differential allelic editing was also observed in regions carrying distal SNVs, hinting at the involvement of additional epigenetic factors. Our findings highlight the importance of allele-specific editing measurement as a milestone in the adaptation of efficient, accurate, and safe personalized genome editing.

Radiographic evaluation of anterior tibial translation in the prone position after total knee arthroplasty: comparison of BCS-TKA and PS-TKA.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anterior tibial translation (ATT) in the prone position after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fifty subjects (50 knees) undergoing bi-cruciate substituting (BCS)-TKA (Journey II: Smith and Nephew) and age-gender matching 50 subjects (50 knees) undergoing posterior stabilizing (PS)-TKA, were included in this study. Approximately, sixmonths after surgery, and when the subjects had recovered their range of knee motion, following the Mae's method, accurate lateral radiographic imaging of the knee was performed with full knee extension in both supine and prone positions. The maximal protrusion length of the femoral posterior component, posterior to the extension line parallel to the tibial shaft from the edge of the posterior tibial plateau, was measured on lateral radiographs. The difference in length between the prone and supine positions was regarded as the prone-ATT. The posterior protrusion length of the femoral component, and the prone-ATT were compared between BCS and PS-TKA. The posterior protrusion length of the femoral component in the supine position was BCS-TKA 4.3 ± 1.9mm, and PS-TKA 8.7 ± 2.3mm. The length in the prone position was BCS-TKA 4.8 ± 2.3mm, and PS-TKA 10.7 ± 2.2m. Posterior protrusion length of the femoral component was significantly larger in both positions in PS-TKA when compared with BCS-TKA. In PS-TKA, posterior protrusion length of the femoral condyle was significantly larger in the prone position when compared to the supine position. No significant difference was observed in BCS-TKA. Prone-ATT was significantly larger in PS-TKA (2 ± 1.9mm) when compared to BCS-TKA (0.7 ± 2mm). Even in a position corresponding to daily movement such as the prone position, ATT was significantly larger in PS-TKA, when compared to BCS-TKA.

Developing an Interventional Radiology Service

AbstractInterventional radiology (IR) is a rapidly developing field among medical activities. This review summarizes the history of IR since the inception of angiography, the present situation regarding IR's position in the clinical setting, and proposal of standardized education and further cooperation in the field. This review also focuses on sharing the author's experience in establishing an extensive IR service line, and how this will become the standard model for the Vietnamese Society of Interventional Radiology.

Rotational spectroscopy of CH3OD with a reanalysis of CH3OD toward IRAS 16293–2422

We have started a measurement campaign of numerous methanol isotopologs in low-lying torsional states in order to provide extensive line lists for radio astronomical observations from an adequate spectroscopic model and to investigate how the intricate vibrationtorsion-rotation interactions manifest themselves in the spectra of different isotopic species. After CD3OH and CD3OD, we turn our focus to CH3OD, which is an important species for studying deuteration in prestellar cores and envelopes that enshroud protostars. Notably, deuteration is frequently viewed as a diagnostic tool for star formation. The measurements used in this study were obtained in two spectroscopic laboratories and cover large fractions of the 34 GHz-1.35 THz range. As done in previous studies, we employed a torsion-rotation Hamiltonian model for our analysis that is based on the rho-axis method. The resulting model describes the ground and first excited torsional states of CH3OD well up to quantum numbers J ⩽ 51 and Ka ⩽ 18. We derived a line list for radio astronomical observations from this model that is accurate up to at least 1.35 THz and should be sufficient for all types of radio astronomical searches for this methanol isotopolog in these two lowest torsional states. This line list was applied to a reinvestigation of CH3OD in data from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of IRAS 16293–2422 obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The new accurately determined value for the column density of CH3OD implies that the deuteration in methanol differs in its two functional groups by a factor of ~7.5.

Clinical Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unique Cohorts Underrepresented in Clinical Trials.

Regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was based on results of large, randomized clinical trials, resulting in limited outcomes data in patient cohorts typically underrepresented in such trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs in these unique patient cohorts. This is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of real-world data at six academic and community clinics in the United States from 1 January 2011 to 1 April 2018. Patients were included if they had received at least one cycle of ICI treatment. Unique patient cohorts included age > 75 years, non-White race, positive smoking history, ECOG performance status (PS) ≥ 2, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, autoimmune diseases (AIDs), chronic viral infections (CVI), extensive prior lines of therapy (LOTs), or >three metastatic sites. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), overall survival (OS), and time to treatment failure were evaluated in the entire cohort and in NSCLC patients treated with PD-(L)1 monotherapy. Outcomes and their association with unique patient cohorts were compared on univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to those without a particular characteristic in the entire NSCLC PD-(L)1 monotherapy cohorts. In total, 1453 patients were included: 56.5%-smokers, 30.4%-non-White, 22.8%-elderly, 20.8%-ECOG PS ≥ 2, 15.7%-history of AIDs, and 4.7%-history of CVI. The common ICIs were nivolumab (37.1%) and pembrolizumab (22.2%). Black patients, compared to White patients, experienced fewer irAEs (OR 0.54, p < 0.001). An ECOG PS of ≥2 (HR = 2.01, p < 0.001) and an increased number of previous LOTs were associated with poor OS (the median OS of 26.2 vs. 16.2 vs. 9.6 months for one vs. two vs. three prior LOTs, p < 0.001). The above results were confirmed in anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy non-small cell lung cancer patients (n = 384). Overall, ICIs were safe and efficacious in these typically underrepresented patient cohorts. We noted ECOG PS ≥ 2 and an increased prior LOTs were associated with poor ICI efficacy, and Black patients, compared to White patients, experienced fewer irAEs.

High flexion femoral side remnant preservation positioning technique: a new method for positioning the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The aim of this study is to find a new method for femoral side preservation positioning in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and test the accuracy and precision of this method. Fifty patients with isolated ACL rupture (42 males and 8 females) who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction in our hospital between July 2022 and July 2023 were included. The lowest point of the cartilage margin of the lateral wall of the intercontinental fossa and the tibial plateau plumb line at 120° of knee flexion were used as the anatomical landmarks for positioning of the femoral tunnel for ACL reconstruction surgery. Femoral side remnant preservation was performed in all cases. Three-dimensional CT was performed 3days postoperatively to collect the data, which were analyzed using Mimics 21.0 software. We measured the posterior cortical distance of the femoral condyle at 90° of knee flexion and the vertical distance from the center of the bone tunnel to the cortical extension line behind the femur. All femoral tunnel positions were marked on a 4 × 4 grid and visualized using the quadrant method. Using the new positioning method in 50 knees, the average distance of x was 25.26 ± 2.76% of t and the average distance of y was 23.69 ± 6.19% of h. This is close to the results of previous studies, where x was 24.2 ± 4.0% of t and the average distance of y was 21.6 ± 5.2% of h. Most femoral tunnel positions were located in the same area. The D values were distributed as follows: 60% in the range of 0 to 2mm, 24% in the range of 2 to 4mm, and 16% more than 4mm. The E values were distributed as follows: 80% in the range of 0 to 4mm and 20% more than 4mm. In arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, the knee was flexed at 120° and the lowest point of the cartilage edge of the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa and the tibial plateau plumb line were used as anatomical landmarks for the positioning of the femoral bone tunnel, which resulted in more accurate femoral bone tunnel positioning, better reproducibility, and better preservation of the femoral stump compared to traditional positioning methods.

INFLUENCING CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF KITCHEN APPLIANCE PRODUCTS IN KRISHNAKIRI DISTRICT

Every business in India, particularly in the country's largest cities, is attempting to survive on its platform as best it can under the current circumstances in order to reach the target number of prospective clients. The world economy will inevitably shift, and liberalisation is essential to our nation. With its extensive and excellent product line, the premier multinational company has joined the Indian market and is already playing a significant role. We understand that our "Customer is the King" and that the Indian market is expanding with a superior product line in electronic home appliances as compared to the global market. Customers are sufficiently aware and sound to make the best choices when it comes to purchasing the chosen brand of home appliances in order to meet the necessary objective. Without home appliances, a contemporary house is incomplete, particularly in large cities and metropolitan regions. In large metropolises, electronic home appliances are seen as a boon as they significantly reduce the amount of time needed for the majority of domestic household chores. Thus, the researchers took into consideration their study on the purchasing habits of consumers in Krishnagar District, Tamil Nadu, with regard to electronics and household appliances. Products related to home appliances such as air coolers, refrigerators, washers, microwaves, and televisions are included in this study. 253 respondents in Krishnagar were chosen for this study using an expedient sampling technique. This study employed a demographic research design, using a questionnaire as a means of gathering data from participants. Additionally, data segmentation will be used in the study. The conclusion reached was that while price, quality, offer, and appliance features empowered the consumer to purchase the appliance, demographic characteristics also influenced the consumer's decision to purchase.

A HITRAN-formatted UV line list of S2-containing transitions involving X3 Σg-, B3 Σu-, and B″ 3 Πu electronic states

ABSTRACT The sulfur dimer (S2) is an important molecular constituent in cometary atmospheres and volcanic plumes on Jupiter’s moon Io. It is also expected to play an important role in the photochemistry of exoplanets. The ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of S2 contains transitions between vibronic levels above and below the dissociation limit, giving rise to a distinctive spectral signature. Using spectroscopic information from the literature, and the spectral simulation program PGOPHER, a UV line list of S2 is provided. This line list includes the primary $B\, ^{3}\Sigma ^{-}_{u}-X\, ^{3}\Sigma ^{-}_{g}$ (v′ = 0–27, v″ = 0–10) electronic transition, where vibrational bands with v′≥10 are pre-dissociated. Intensities have been calculated from existing experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths, and semi-empirical strengths for the pre-dissociated bands of S2 have been derived from comparisons with experimental cross-sections. The S2 line list also includes the $B^{\prime \prime }\, ^{3}\Pi _{u}-X\, ^{3}\Sigma ^{-}_{g}$ (v′ = 0–19, v″ = 0–10) vibronic bands due to the strong interaction with the B state. In summary, we present the new HITRAN-formatted S2 line list and its validation against existing laboratory spectra. The extensive line list covers the spectral range 21 700–41 300 cm−1 (∼242–461 nm) and can be used for modelling both absorption and emission.

Integrated short peripheral intravenous cannulas and risk of catheter failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Short peripheral catheters (SPCs) are used to provide intravenous therapies in hospitalized patients. Recently, the category of SPC has become more complex, with the introduction in clinical practice of "integrated" SPCs (ISPCs), renewed regarding the material (polyurethane rather than polytetrafluoroethylene) and design (large wing; pre-assembled extension; preassembled needle-free connector (NFC)). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized studies in hospitalized patients, analyzing the risk of overall catheter failure as well as the risk of each type of complication (occlusion, infiltration, thrombophlebitis, and dislodgement) for ISPCs compared to non-integrated SPCs. These systematic review and meta-analysis were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022322970). We searched PUBMED®, EMBASE®, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials register from April to November 2022. The research identified 1260 articles. After the abstract review, 13 studies were included for full manuscript review and, after that, six papers (4727 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significantly reduced risk of catheter failure (pooling all complications) for ISPCs compared to SPCs (p = 0.002 RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.63-0.9). A significant reduction in the risks of occlusion (p = 0.007 RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.56-0.92) was observed. As regards the risk of infiltration, thrombophlebitis, and dislodgement, the analysis showed a trend in favor of ISPCs, though not statistically significant (respectively p = 0.2 RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.64-1.1; p = 0.25 RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78-1.07; p = 0.06 RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.52-1.01). ISPCs significantly reduce the risks of catheter failure (overall complications) and occlusion. More RCTs are needed to understand if the preassembled ISPC is better than the composted closed system (non-integrated SPC + extension line + NFC).

Design and Construction of a High-Angle Swivel for a Small-Radius Curve Ramp Bridge Over Railway on the Pingcheng Street West Extension Line in Datong City

Design and Construction of a High-Angle Swivel for a Small-Radius Curve Ramp Bridge Over Railway on the Pingcheng Street West Extension Line in Datong City

Primary repair with no flaps for lower lip defects (30–80 %) after cancer excision

Reconstruction of the lip is a necessary procedure when lip tumors are excised. Although many good techniques have been described, they often have disadvantages such as necrosis and extensive suture lines. In our approach, we aim to minimize the suture line and avoid tissue necrosis for medium-sized lip defects (30–80 %). This is a surgical technique report from a single center. After tumor resection, we made a bilateral 15 mm horizontal skin and mucosa incision from the angles of the lip to the lateral sides. The mucosa and skin were dissected from the underlying muscle, and the muscle was cut approximately 15 mm on each side. The lip defect was then closed and sutured in four layers. Finally, the released mucosa was sutured to the corner of the incised skin. We followed the patients for 36 months and found that their speech intelligibility, sensation, mobility, and aesthetic satisfaction were preserved. The scars were also less pronounced compared to flaps, and there were no signs of edema or drooling. In conclusion, our technique offers many advantages for moderate defects of lower lip tumors. By avoiding the use of flaps, we eliminate the complications associated with flap surgery while achieving aesthetically satisfactory results. However, further evaluation by other surgeons is necessary to fully examine the technique's benefits.

New Method of Electronic Control of Model Railroad Track

The digital control of a model railroad track requires the control of the movement of vehicles and their functions (sounds, lighting) as well as control of trackside elements (switches, signals, occupancy detectors, etc.). While the control of the vehicles is provided by a standard whose functionality is perfectly adequate for normal operation, the control of the trackside elements can be carried out in several ways. For small domestic lines, there are commercial solutions from various companies, but for extensive (large) lines there is no such concept, and the appropriate solution is usually tailored to the application (club lines, simulators for training railroad staff). The tracks in the Railway Vehicles Control Laboratory of the Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno can be classified as large; therefore, a special system is required. However, the existing system is not suitable for several basic reasons. Therefore, a modernized system was developed. A new protocol for the RS485 bus was designed, the hardware and firmware of a new GPIO slave module MTB-UNI v4 was developed, a new RS485 master module MTB-USB was developed and two other new hardware modules including firmware for their MCUs were developed. A computer application MTB Daemon and a library for accessing the bus were developed. The result is a system that meets the relatively high requirements and enables further development and use in the laboratory.

Scheduling Optimization of Printed Circuit Board Micro-Hole Drilling Production Line Based on Complex Events

The interdependence between the scheduling method and the production efficiency of a micro-hole drilling production line for printed circuit boards (PCBs) holds significant importance, necessitating the optimization of such a production line’s scheduling. Consequently, this research paper presents a scheduling optimization approach for the micro-hole drilling production line of a PCB, utilizing complex events as its foundation. Initially, a complex event model was constructed to establish correlations among extensive production line data. Subsequently, the typical complex events associated with the micro-hole drilling production line of a PCB were defined, thereby enabling the all-around monitoring of the operation state of such a production line. Furthermore, this study presents the establishment of a production scheduling model for PCB micro-hole drilling. With the goal of minimizing the maximum completion time, the catastrophe genetic algorithm was used to solve the initial scheduling scheme of the printed circuit board micro-hole drilling production line. The reliability and effectiveness of the catastrophe genetic algorithm in solving the hybrid-driven production scheduling problem of complex events were verified. Dynamic scheduling was performed when three complex events occurred in the production line: emergency order insertion, abnormal equipment operation, and tool failure. The scheduling optimization rate after identifying the emergency insertion event could reach 25.1%. The scheduling optimization rate of the production equipment operation event was related to the specific failure time of the equipment. The scheduling optimization rate after identifying the tool failure event could reach 25%. Rescheduling immediately after identifying the tool failure event could exert no effect on the initial scheduling process. It was proven that the identification and rescheduling of complex events can improve the production efficiency of a PCB micro-hole drilling production line.

Numerical stability analysis and geotechnical investigation of landslide prone area (the case of Gechi district, Western Ethiopia)

The primary route linking Tobba, Gechi and Beddele has experienced landslides at three locations, causing significant disruption to traffic. The juniper trees and electric poles have suffered damage, and the extension lines are at risk. This investigation aims to identify the geotechnical conditions, soil type, and their role in landslide initiation, slope stability analysis, and measures to reduce the risk of landslides. The study employed fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and software analysis. The fieldwork involved measuring the slope geometry and landslide magnitude, as well as geophysical resistivity to determine the soil type and thickness of the weak zone. Soil samples were taken and tested for grain size analysis, Atterberg limit, water content, unit weight of soil, specific gravity, and shear strength parameters, following ASTM procedures. Plaxis v 8.6 software was used to supplement the slope stability analysis. The results indicate that the soil in the study area is classified as MH- elastic silt and elastic silt with sand (S1BH3 and S2BH1) behaving as sand. The fine-grained soil constitutes ≥50% of the soil, which significantly influences the soil properties. The numerical value of the factor of safety (FOS) from slope stability analysis decreases as the phreatic level increases. Electrical resistivity profiling indicated that there is a change in soil matrix and grainsize distribution. The dry unit weight varies from 6.28KN/m3 to 43.23KN/m3 and the slope angle varies from 14.09° to 14.62°. The cohesion of the soil varies from 40.71KN/m2 to 67.02KN/m2 and the angle of internal friction varies from 15.12° to 26.62°. The landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall, and the primary factors affecting slope stability are soil type and characteristics, surface and groundwater, and slope steepness. To maintain the slope's stability, it is recommended to modify the slope geometry, construct sheet piles and retaining walls, provide adequate drainage structures, and afforest the area with long-rooted grass and trees.