Extensive Line Research Articles

GenTreat – computational pipeline for hybrid assembly of prokaryotic genomes

The development of omics sciences has been greatly influenced by sequencing technologies. However, the large volume of data generated by these technologies necessitates the development of new computational tools for processing and analysis, particularly in genome assembly. Two main approaches are commonly used for assembly: reference-based assembly, which maps sequencing reads against a reference genome, and de novo assembly, which performs assembly without a reference. De novo assembly techniques include Overlap Layoutconsensus, De Bruijn graph, and greedy algorithms. Although numerous tools have been developed over the years, challenges persist, including fragmented assembly results and redundant contigs. As a result, new methods have emerged, such as hybrid assembly strategies that combine results from different assemblers. However, existing tools utilizing this strategy often involve extensive and complex command lines. GenTreat is a computational pipeline with an intuitive graphical interface, was developed for automated hybrid assembly of prokaryotic genomes, performs assembly using two assemblers, merges the results, and then orders and annotates the assembled genome. Validation using raw reads from 61 organisms demonstrated that is a viable alternative for automated hybrid assembly, eliminating the need for using extensive command lines. The tool is available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/gentreat/.

The effect of prosocial orientation on CSR scope: the moderating role of the CSR department

Purpose Considering that corporate social responsibility (CSR) addresses a wide range of claims from multiple stakeholders, companies must determine their CSR scope. This paper aims to examine what factors influence a firm’s decision in its scope of CSR. In exploring what factors influence CSR scope, the authors examine the relationship between a firm’s prosocial orientation and CSR and further examine its boundary conditions by the existence of CSR department. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a data set – the Social Value Survey – administered by the Center for Social Value Enhancement Studies based in the context of Korean firms. Based on 86 firm responses, statistical models were performed to test hypotheses. Findings The findings show that a firm’s prosocial orientation is positively associated with CSR scope. Further, this study shows that there is a negative moderating effect of the CSR department for the relationship between the prosocial orientation and CSR scope. Originality/value This study attempts to contribute to the extensive line of work on the antecedents of CSR by exploring the simultaneous existence of various drivers of CSR and the interplay between the drivers. And this study enhances the understanding on what factors influence the decision of CSR scope within a complex system of diverse stakeholder relationships. Additionally, this study has potentially shed light on the role of CSR departments to determine CSR scope.

Constraints Experienced by the Paddy Farmers in Three Agroclimatic Zones of Telangana State, India

The present investigation was conducted during 2021-22 to assess the constraints experienced by the paddy farmers in three agroclimatic zones of farming sustainability in Telangana state. Findings revealed that, constraints such as high cost of seed varieties (I), lack of knowledge and skill for determining economic threshold level of pests and diseases (II), labour scarcity due to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (I), labour scarcity during peak operations (II), insufficient finance with farmers (I), high rental charges for farm machinery (II), lack of new technologies and uneconomically viable solutions for residue management (I), lack of knowledge about input management (II), lack of information about government schemes (I), lack of information about recent pest-management strategies (II) were the first and second priority constraints under ecological, social, economical, technical and institutional dimensions respectively. Accordingly, Government organisations, NGO’s, ATMA, KVK’s, DAATC’s, SAU’s should look after certain issues such as providing seeds at affordable cost , Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme must give prioritize to agricultural field operations along with other activities, crop loan must be sanctioned to every farmer by considering crop yield assurance and bring out new technologies like happy seeder to remove residues but also allows the farmer to seed the new crop without involving manual labour, which saves time and money for the farmers. Extension education functionaries and line departments experts must use the Situation Based Extension with Participatory Approach (SBEA) in order to effectively overcome constraints and get feedback, which act as source for ATMA action plans to implement at grass root level.

Impact of Product Line on Shopping Motivations of Consumers in E-commerce—A Correspondence Analysis

An increasing number of e-commerce sites offering products globally have created a highly competitive marketplace across various market segments. E-retailers look to update their sites regularly to facilitate consumer decision-making. This article examines consumers’ motivational factors when shopping online and their association with online shopping sites offering different product lines delineating one online shopping site from another. Significant online shopping motivational factors identified through the literature review such as ease of navigation and website content, personalized services, discounts/promotional offers, range of products, familiarity with an e-store, reviews on-site, cancellation and returns policy, product quality and logistics were mapped with a few popular e-commerce sites in India offering different product lines, using correspondence analysis. Findings suggest consumers give more importance to quality, ease of navigation and website content, and personalized services when shopping at e-commerce platforms offering limited product lines like grocery/apparel. In contrast, good reviews, good logistics, clear order cancellations and return policy are more important when shopping at e-commerce sites providing an extensive product line. Such information can assist e-retailers in improvising their services to gain customer satisfaction and differentiate their website from others.

Proximal fracture line extension in humeral shaft fractures

IntroductionHumeral shaft fractures are common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to evaluate displaced diaphyseal humerus fractures and describe the incidence and characteristics associated with non or minimally displaced fracture line extension into the proximal metadiaphyseal region of the humerus. Methods and materialsAll adult patients with diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures located within the distal two-thirds of the humeral shaft, treated at a single level I trauma institution between 2007 and 2020, were retrospectively identified. 202 patients with 203 fractures of the humeral shaft were included. Fracture patterns were classified according to AO/OTA classification and fracture line extension into the proximal metadiaphyseal region was evaluated on radiographs. Patient demographics, management details, and radiographic outcomes were obtained from review of the electronic medical record. ResultsOf 203 diaphyseal humerus fractures, 11.8 % (n = 24) had non or minimally displaced proximal extension of their main fracture line. This included 43.7 % (n = 7) of all proximal third junction diaphyseal fractures, 10.7 % (n = 16) of all middle third diaphyseal fractures, and 2.6 % (n = 1) of all distal third diaphyseal fractures. Patients with proximal fracture extension were, on average, older (61.7 versus 44.4 years, p < 0.001), and a higher percentage were female (75 % versus 45.5 %, p < 0.01) compared to patients without fracture proximal extension. Fractures with proximal extension were all closed fractures (n = 24), were more often sustained from low-energy fall (87.5 % versus 35.2 %, p < 0.001), and were more often spiral type fractures (62.5 % versus 17.2 %). Fractures with proximal extension were more often treated non-operatively (58.3 % versus 42.1 %, p < 0.01), but were found to have a higher rate of nonunion after non-operative treatment (17.6 % versus 8.1 %) compared to fractures without proximal extension. All operatively treated fractures that had proximal metaphyseal extension were secured with a fixation construct to achieve fixation proximal to the extent of the fracture line, most often into the humeral head and neck. Operative management with proximal fixation into the humeral head was also pursued for a patient with nonunion, including persistent lucency of the proximal extension line, after failed non-operative treatment. Mean follow-up was 35.5 weeks (range: 0–607 weeks). ConclusionsProximal fracture line extension in the setting of diaphyseal humerus fractures is not uncommon. Detection and consideration of this sometimes subtle finding is important when planning to treat these injuries operatively.

Extensive and anomalous grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, Vincennes Bay, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

Abstract. Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, has been losing mass at an accelerating rate over recent decades in response to enhanced oceanic forcing. Overlying the Aurora Subglacial Basin, it has been referred to as the “weak underbelly” of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and is drained by several major outlet glaciers. Despite their potential importance, few of these glaciers have been studied in detail. This includes the six outlet glaciers which drain into Vincennes Bay, a region recently discovered to have the warmest intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) ever recorded in East Antarctica. Here, we use satellite imagery; differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR); and remotely sensed datasets of ice-surface velocity, ice-surface elevation and grounding line position to investigate ice dynamics between 1963 and 2022. Our results support previous observations of extensive grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, measured at 18.6 km between 1996 and 2020. The persistent grounding line retreat, averaging 0.8 km yr−1, places Vanderford Glacier as the fastest retreating glacier in East Antarctica, and the third fastest in Antarctica, across decadal timescales. Such rapid retreat is consistent with the hypothesis that warm mCDW is able to access deep cavities formed below the Vanderford Ice Shelf, driving high rates of basal melting close to the grounding line. With a retrograde slope observed inland along the Vanderford Trench, such oceanic forcing may have significant implications for the future stability of Vanderford Glacier.

Generalization of Mvcci Approach for Lefm Problems Using Numerical Integration

Modified Virtual Crack Closure Integral (MVCCI) has become a valuable tool for estimation of mixed-mode fracture parameters in Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) problems. When finite elements with fewer nodes and using polynomial shape functions are employed at the crack tip for fracture analysis, the expressions for MVCCI can easily be derived and many times also be expressed in closed form. For higher order elements they become unwieldy and so a numerical integration scheme is proposed and this can be used with any type of element. The scheme requires a two-step numerical integration: one to evaluate nodal forces exerted by the solid below the crack extension line on the portion above and the second to evaluate Strain Energy Release Rates. This development makes the post-processing for fracture parameters easy and computationally economical for 3-dimensional fracture problems. The technique is used to estimate fracture parameters in certain practical problems using higher order elements and typical numerical results are presented.

Counter-maps of body-territory: Gender-based violence in Mexico

This paper is an exercise in counter-mapping gender-based violence, both its lived experience and the need for safe passage. Building on the concept of body-territory introduced by feminist geographers in Latin America, gender-based violence is plotted by its would be objects: female/feminized bodies. Each counter-map is drawn by those immediately moved by violence, by those forced to navigate its deadly consequences. William James offers insight into the spatio-temporal implications of this experience, revealing how the extensive lines of a counter-map are born of intensities felt in sensation and later reflected on in thought. Counter-maps are drawn by thinking-feeling bodies to break with any fixed domain: plotted are individual memories and shared pieces of advice that are accumulated across time to give the map a unique history, and that encompass diverse events to give the map a unique spatiality. Mapped is the experience of gender-based violence in Puebla, Mexico, so as to challenge official cartographic practices and rework their deadly effects.

Life cycle assessment of solid oxide fuel cell vehicles in a natural gas producing country; comparison with proton electrolyte fuel cell, battery and gasoline vehicles

In this paper, the technical and economic feasibility of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Vehicles is studied based on Iran conditions and compared against Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Gasoline Vehicles. Existence of enormous resources of natural gas and its extensive distribution and transmission lines in Iran are a great opportunity to develop SOFC-Battery hybrid vehicles fueled by natural gas. In this paper, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and life cycle cost were analyzed. We ranked different vehicles in 2021 and forecast their ranking for 2030, which is crucial for policymaking and technology support. The results show the well to wheel energy consumption of SOFC-Battery hybrid vehicle per km in 2021 is nearly same as PEFC FCEVs and 1060 kJ and 560 kJ less than gasoline and battery electric vehicle respectively. The well to wheel emission of SOFC FCEVs in 2021 is a little less than PEFC FCEV and 50% and 28% lower, respectively than gasoline vehicle and BEV. It is expected that the life cycle cost per km on a charge of SOFC hybrid vehicles with equal driving range will be the best choice in 2030 with 23.9 cents per km.

Novel Subterahertz High Isolation Stacked-SIW Power Divider

A new type of eight-way multi-layer power divider is presented in this paper. To form the power divider, eight layers of the same substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) are stacked together and inserted into a WR10 rectangular waveguide (RWG). In order to achieve a low-loss broadband response when connecting two substrates with different dielectric constants, a wedge structure is designed and applied to the input port of the power divider. Auxiliary parts are designed for measurement, including SIW extension line, SIW absorbing load and SIW-to-RWG transition. The measurement results show that, from 90 to 110 GHz, the insertion loss is less than 1.35 dB, and the isolation is above 19 dB. The proposed power divider is small and simple, suitable for terahertz technology.

Effective Temperature Estimations from Line Depth Ratios in the H- and K-band Spectra of IGRINS

Determining accurate effective temperatures of stars buried in the dust-obscured Galactic regions is extremely difficult from photometry. Fortunately, high-resolution infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for determining the temperatures of stars with no dependence on interstellar extinction. It has long been known that the depth ratios of temperature-sensitive and relatively insensitive spectral lines are excellent temperature indices. In this work, we provide the first extensive line depth ratio (LDR) method application in the infrared region that encompasses both the H and K bands (1.48 μm − 2.48 μm). We applied the LDR method to high-resolution (R ≃ 45,000) H- and K-band spectra of 110 stars obtained with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. Our sample contained stars with 3200 < T eff (K) < 5500, 0.20 ≤ log g < 4.6, and −1.5 < [M/H] < 0.5. The application of this method in the K band yielded 21 new LDR–T eff relations. We also report five new LDR–T eff relations found in the H-band region, augmenting the relations already published by other groups. The temperatures found from our calibrations provide reliable temperatures within ∼70 K accuracy compared to spectral T eff values from the literature.

10 clinical tips for advancing patient safety when using syringe pump systems for microinfusion intravenous drug therapy.

10 clinical tips for advancing patient safety when using syringe pump systems for microinfusion intravenous drug therapy.

Robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia- preliminary experiences

ObjectivesThis study aims to discuss the availability of robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and share our preliminary experiences.MethodsPatients with TN who underwent robot-assisted PBC from June to September 2022 were enrolled. We designed a fixing plug for robot-assisted PBC, three-dimensional structured light registration was used, puncture trajectory was the line connects the medial third of inner and outer aperture of foramen ovale. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain and numbness intensity score were used to evaluate the facial pain and numbness.ResultsEventually, nine patients were enrolled, the structured light registrations were successfully finished in all patients with a mean registration error of 0.68 mm. All the punctures of foramen ovales were successfully done one-time. Of note, the balloons were all got pear-shaped followed by 150 to 180 s compression. Though, postoperatively, all the patients complained of facial numbness and four patients suffered from transient masseter weakness, all patients got fully or mostly pain relief. It should be noted that is the numbness and weakness gradually relieved during follow-up.ConclusionThree-dimensional structured light registration and robot assisted PBC is an effective choice for patients with TN. Extension line between the medial third of the inner and outer aperture of foramen ovale might be a safe and effective puncture trajectory to this procedure.

Visualizing Proteins in Human Cells at Near‐Physiological Concentrations with Sensitive 19F NMR Chemical Tags

AbstractIn‐cell NMR spectroscopy is an effective tool for observing proteins at atomic resolution in their native cellular environment. However, its utility is limited by its low sensitivity and the extensive line broadening caused by nonspecific interactions in the cells, which is even more pronounced in human cells due to the difficulty of overexpressing or delivering high concentrations of isotopically labeled proteins. Here, we present a high‐sensitivity tag (wPSP‐6F) containing two trifluoromethyl groups that can efficiently label globular proteins with molecular weights in the 6–40 kDa range under mild conditions. This tag allowed us to detect globular proteins in human cells at concentrations as low as 1.0 μM, which would not have been achievable with 15N or 3‐fluorotyrosine labeling. Moreover, we detected conformational changes and interactions of proteins in the cellular environment. The new sensitive 19F NMR tag may significantly expand the scope of protein NMR in human cells.

Visualizing Proteins in Human Cells at Near-Physiological Concentrations with Sensitive 19 F NMR Chemical Tags.

In-cell NMR spectroscopy is an effective tool for observing proteins at atomic resolution in their native cellular environment. However, its utility is limited by its low sensitivity and the extensive line broadening caused by nonspecific interactions in the cells, which is even more pronounced in human cells due to the difficulty of overexpressing or delivering high concentrations of isotopically labeled proteins. Here, we present a high-sensitivity tag (wPSP-6F) containing two trifluoromethyl groups that can efficiently label globular proteins with molecular weights in the 6-40 kDa range under mild conditions. This tag allowed us to detect globular proteins in human cells at concentrations as low as 1.0 μM, which would not have been achievable with 15 N or 3-fluorotyrosine labeling. Moreover, we detected conformational changes and interactions of proteins in the cellular environment. The new sensitive 19 F NMR tag may significantly expand the scope of protein NMR in human cells.

EmoNet: A Transfer Learning Framework for Multi-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition

In this manuscript, the topic of multi-corpus Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is approached from a deep transfer learning perspective. A large corpus of emotional speech data, EmoSet, is assembled from a number of existing SER corpora. In total, EmoSet contains 84181 audio recordings from 26 SER corpora with a total duration of over 65 hours. The corpus is then utilised to create a novel framework for multi-corpus speech emotion recognition, namely EmoNet. A combination of a deep ResNet architecture and residual adapters is transferred from the field of multi-domain visual recognition to multi-corpus SER on EmoSet. Compared against two suitable baselines and more traditional training and transfer settings for the ResNet, the residual adapter approach enables parameter efficient training of a multi-domain SER model on all 26 corpora. A shared model with only $3.5$ times the number of parameters of a model trained on a single database leads to increased performance for 21 of the 26 corpora in EmoSet. Measured by McNemar's test, these improvements are further significant for ten datasets at $p<0.05$ while there are just two corpora that see only significant decreases across the residual adapter transfer experiments. Finally, we make our EmoNet framework publicly available for users and developers at this https URL. EmoNet provides an extensive command line interface which is comprehensively documented and can be used in a variety of multi-corpus transfer learning settings.

Kegg_pull: a software package for the RESTful access and pulling from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes

BackgroundThe Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) provides organized genomic, biomolecular, and metabolic information and knowledge that is reasonably current and highly useful for a wide range of analyses and modeling. KEGG follows the principles of data stewardship to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) by providing RESTful access to their database entries via their web-accessible KEGG API. However, the overall FAIRness of KEGG is often limited by the library and software package support available in a given programming language. While R library support for KEGG is fairly strong, Python library support has been lacking. Moreover, there is no software that provides extensive command line level support for KEGG access and utilization.ResultsWe present kegg_pull, a package implemented in the Python programming language that provides better KEGG access and utilization functionality than previous libraries and software packages. Not only does kegg_pull include an application programming interface (API) for Python programming, it also provides a command line interface (CLI) that enables utilization of KEGG for a wide range of shell scripting and data analysis pipeline use-cases. As kegg_pull’s name implies, both the API and CLI provide versatile options for pulling (downloading and saving) an arbitrary (user defined) number of database entries from the KEGG API. Moreover, this functionality is implemented to efficiently utilize multiple central processing unit cores as demonstrated in several performance tests. Many options are provided to optimize fault-tolerant performance across a single or multiple processes, with recommendations provided based on extensive testing and practical network considerations.ConclusionsThe new kegg_pull package enables new flexible KEGG retrieval use cases not available in previous software packages. The most notable new feature that kegg_pull provides is its ability to robustly pull an arbitrary number of KEGG entries with a single API method or CLI command, including pulling an entire KEGG database. We provide recommendations to users for the most effective use of kegg_pull according to their network and computational circumstances.

Computed Tomography Study of the Retrosigmoid Craniotomy Keyhole Approach Using Surface Landmarks.

Due to a lack of accessibility and individual differences in surgical procedures, many previous studies on keyholes are not practical. To study the surface landmarks for optimal keyhole placement in the retrosigmoid approach. The three-dimensional (3D) skull images of 79 patients were reconstructed using workstations, with a total of 149 hemiskull base 3D images then analyzed. Skull-surface landmarks were marked, the lateral-skull surface was observed, and the positional relationships between the asterion and the extension line of the posterior margin of the mastoid process were measured. The position of the superior curvature of the sigmoid sinus groove was located before it was projected onto the lateral surface of the skull and defined as the keypoint. The positional relationship between the keypoint and the skull-surface landmarks was observed in an established coordinate system using spatial proportion relationships. The asterion was located around the extension line of the posterior margin of the mastoid process, and the vertical distance from the extension line was <15 mm. It was found that 93.29% (139/149) of the keypoints were located in a 7 mm radius circle, with the center at (-0.41, -3.01) in the coordinate system in the 3D computed tomography images. When using this method, the spatial proportion relationship of the anatomical marks can accurately locate keyholes, therefore providing technical support when employing the retrosigmoid approach.

Paraspinal muscles atrophy on both sides and at multiple levels after unilateral lumbar partial discectomy.

To identify the changes in cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and fatty infiltration of both sides of the paravertebral muscles and their associations with prognostic factors in patients who underwent unilateral lumbar discectomy. We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after 1- or 2-level lumbar discectomy. The CSAs and functional cross-sectional areas of the paraspinal muscles were bilaterally measured from L1 to L2 to L5 to S1 based on T2-weighted axial images. These parameters were compared pre-and postoperatively. CSAs and functional cross-sectional areas decreased also in non-operative, non-surgical levels, not only in operated levels after discectomy. In the correlation analysis, the CSA of psoas major muscle at L1 to L2 was significantly decreased in patients with lower preoperative lordosis (r = 0.598, P = .040). The postoperative CSA of psoas major muscle at L4 to L5 was lower in those with the higher Pfirrmann grade (r = -0.590, P = .002); however, the CSA of quadratus lumborum muscle at L1 to L2 showed the opposite result (r = 0.526, P = .036). Similar results were also observed in the partial correlation adjusted for age and postoperative duration. Patients who underwent discectomy experienced overall paraspinal muscle atrophy in the lumbar region, including surgical and non-surgical sites. Such atrophic changes emphasized the need for core strengthening and lumbar rehabilitation from the early period after partial discectomy.

Novel Surgical Management of an Extensive Recurrent Hickman Line Thrombosis involving the SVC and Right Atrium

Novel Surgical Management of an Extensive Recurrent Hickman Line Thrombosis involving the SVC and Right Atrium