Coordinate Expression Research Articles

Biharmonic Coordinates and their Derivatives for Triangular 3D Cages

As a natural extension to the harmonic coordinates, the biharmonic coordinates have been found superior for planar shape and image manipulation with an enriched deformation space. However, the 3D biharmonic coordinates and their derivatives have remained unexplored. In this work, we derive closed-form expressions for biharmonic coordinates and their derivatives for 3D triangular cages. The core of our derivation lies in computing the closed-form expressions for the integral of the Euclidean distance over a triangle and its derivatives. The derived 3D biharmonic coordinates not only fill a missing component in methods of generalized barycentric coordinates but also pave the way for various interesting applications in practice, including producing a family of biharmonic deformations, solving variational shape deformations, and even unlocking the closed-form expressions for recently-introduced Somigliana coordinates for both fast and accurate evaluations.

Explicit abelian instantons on S1-invariant Kähler Einstein 6-manifolds

We consider the dimensional reduction of the (deformed) Hermitian Yang–Mills condition on S1-invariant Kähler Einstein 6-manifolds. This allows us to reformulate the (deformed) Hermitian Yang–Mills equations in terms of data on the quotient Kähler 4-manifold. In particular, when the gauge group is U(1) we apply this construction to the canonical bundles of CP2 and CP1×CP1 endowed with the Calabi ansatz metric to find abelian instantons. We show that these are determined by a suitable subset of the spectrum of the zero section and are explicitly given in terms of certain hypergeometric functions. As a by-product of our investigation we find a coordinate expression for the holomorphic volume form on OCP2(−3) and use it to construct a new special Lagrangian foliation. We also find 1-parameter families of explicit deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills connections on certain non-compact S1-invariant Kähler Einstein 6-manifolds.

On inverse scattering approach and action-angle variables to the Harry-Dym equation

In this work, we employ the inverse scattering approach to study the Poisson structure and action-angle variables for the Harry-Dym equation. The Poisson brackets for the scattering data are presented. In consequence, the action-angle variables are expressed in terms of the scattering data. Interestingly, our results show that the coordinate expression and the spectral parameter expression of the Hamiltonian can be related by the conservation laws. Moreover, we establish the Wronskian relations of the Jost solution and the completeness relation for the squared solutions of the spectral problem, and prove that any function that decays rapidly at infinity can be expanded by the squared solutions.

Diffraction patterns of optical discs under the far-field condition

When optical discs are illuminated, bright-colored lines can often be observed on the surface of them. Starting from the oblique incident grating diffraction model, this paper analyzes the physical mechanism behind the appearance of these colored lines and provides the coordinate expression of the location of the colored lines on the optical disc under the far-field condition. The wavelength distribution of the colored lines on the optical disc under white light illumination is also given by the wave vector relationship of the diffraction process. To verify the theoretical analysis results, an experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to measure the position and color of the colored lines. The experimental data, analyzed through Gaussian process regression and direct comparison, demonstrates a good consistency with the theoretical analysis results.

Exotic spheres’ metrics and solutions via Kaluza-Klein techniques

By applying an inverse Kaluza-Klein procedure, we provide explicit coordinate expressions for Riemannian metrics on two homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic spheres in seven dimensions. We identify Milnor’s bundles, among which ten out of the fourteen exotic seven-spheres appear (ignoring orientation), with non-principal bundles having homogeneous fibres. Then, we use the techniques in [1] to obtain a general ansatz for the coordinate expression of a metric on the total space of any Milnor’s bundle. The ansatz is given in terms of a metric on S4, a metric on S3 (which can smoothly vary throughout S4), and a connection on the principal SO(4)-bundle over S4. As a concrete example, we present explicit formulae for such metrics for the ordinary sphere and the Gromoll-Meyer exotic sphere. Then, we perform a non-abelian Kaluza-Klein reduction to gravity in seven dimensions, according to (a slightly simplified version of) the metric ansatz above. We obtain the standard four-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills system, for which we find solutions associated with the geometries of the ordinary sphere and of the exotic one. The two differ by the winding numbers of the instantons involved.

Endosomal dysfunction contributes to cerebellar deficits in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a rare disease that is characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. Patients have progressive motor coordination impairment, and postmortem brain tissue reveals degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells and a reduced level of cerebellar brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the pathophysiological changes underlying SCA6 are not fully understood. We carried out RNA-sequencing of cerebellar vermis tissue in a mouse model of SCA6, which revealed widespread dysregulation of genes associated with the endo-lysosomal system. Since disruption to endosomes or lysosomes could contribute to cellular deficits, we examined the endo-lysosomal system in SCA6. We identified alterations in multiple endosomal compartments in the Purkinje cells of SCA6 mice. Early endosomes were enlarged, while the size of the late endosome compartment was reduced. We also found evidence for impaired trafficking of cargo to the lysosomes. As the proper functioning of the endo-lysosomal system is crucial for the sorting and trafficking of signaling molecules, we wondered whether these changes could contribute to previously identified deficits in signaling by BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB) in SCA6. Indeed, we found that the enlarged early endosomes in SCA6 mice accumulated both BDNF and TrkB. Furthermore, TrkB recycling to the cell membrane in recycling endosomes was reduced, and the late endosome transport of BDNF for degradation was impaired. Therefore, mis-trafficking due to aberrant endo-lysosomal transport and function could contribute to SCA6 pathophysiology through alterations to BDNF–TrkB signaling, as well as mishandling of other signaling molecules. Deficits in early endosomes and BDNF localization were rescued by chronic administration of a TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, that we have previously shown restores motor coordination and cerebellar TrkB expression. The endo-lysosomal system is thus both a novel locus of pathophysiology in SCA6 and a promising therapeutic target.

Abstract 17836: ATP Citrate Lyase Coordinates Lipid Synthesis and Expression Cell Cycle Regulating Genes to Promote Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive obliteration of distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) due to enhanced proliferation, suppressed apoptosis and increased migration of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Like cancer cells, this abnormal phenotype of PASMCs is driven by epigenetic reprogramming and fueled by a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACLY) is a nuclear-cytosolic enzyme that converts citrate to acetyl-CoA, which serves as substrate for histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression and as a building block for lipid synthesis (required for proliferating cells to generate membrane). ACLY has recently emerged as a key player and therapeutic target in cancer. However, its role in PAH is unknown. METHODS/RESULTS: ACLY, p-ACLY (active form) expression and its nuclear localization were increased in distal PAs and PASMCs from PAH patients (WB and IF, p<0.01). Similar results were observed in the Sugen/Hypoxia (Su/Hx) animal models. In vitro , ACLY inhibition (BMS, siRNA) decreases PAH-PASMCs proliferation (PLK1; Ki67; p<0,01) and survival (Survivin; Annexin-V; p<0.01). These effects were accompanied with a decreased glycolysis (PFKBP3, p-PDH) and increased OCR/ECAR (Seahorse). Moreover, ACLY inhibition decreases the PAH-PASMCs migratory potential. Using RNA-Seq, we demonstrated that inhibition of ACLY downregulates genes associated with cell division and lipid synthesis. Further experiments revealed that ACLY promotes nuclear acetyl-CoA production favoring acetylation of H3K27, H3K9, H4, and GCN5-mediated transcriptional activation of genes responsible for cell cycle progression. Accordingly, we demonstrated that GCN5 inhibition decreases proliferation and survival of PAH-PASMCs (Ki67, AnnexinV). In vivo , Acly loss-of-function targeted to SMCs conferred protection against Su/HX-induced PAH in mice (echo and RHC). Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of ACLY using BMS-303141 or Bempedoic Acid improved hemodynamics (RVSP, mPAP, SV, TPR, p<0.05) and vascular remodeling (EVG, p<0.05) in Su/Hx rats with established PAH. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that ACLY inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic avenue to improve vascular remodeling in PAH.

Local flux coordination and global gene expression regulation in metabolic modeling

Genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMs) are fundamental systems biology representations of a cell’s entire set of stoichiometrically balanced reactions. However, such static GSMs do not incorporate the functional organization of metabolic genes and their dynamic regulation (e.g., operons and regulons). Specifically, there are numerous topologically coupled local reactions through which fluxes are coordinated; the global growth state often dynamically regulates many gene expression of metabolic reactions via global transcription factor regulators. Here, we develop a GSM reconstruction method, Decrem, by integrating locally coupled reactions and global transcriptional regulation of metabolism by cell state. Decrem produces predictions of flux and growth rates, which are highly correlated with those experimentally measured in both wild-type and mutants of three model microorganisms Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus subtilis under various conditions. More importantly, Decrem can also explain the observed growth rates by capturing the experimentally measured flux changes between wild-types and mutants. Overall, by identifying and incorporating locally organized and regulated functional modules into GSMs, Decrem achieves accurate predictions of phenotypes and has broad applications in bioengineering, synthetic biology, and microbial pathology.

Estimation of Earth’s Central Angle Threshold and Measurement Model Construction Method for Pose and Attitude Solution Based on Aircraft Scene Matching

To address the challenge of solving aircraft’s visual navigation results using scene matching, this paper introduces the spherical EPnP positioning posture-solving method, which incorporates the threshold value for the central angle and the construction of a measurement model. The detailed steps are as follows: Firstly, the positioning coordinate model of the Earth’s surface is constructed to ensure the expression of the three-dimensional coordinates of the Earth’s surface. The positioning is then solved by employing the EPnP positioning posture-solving algorithm on the constructed data model. Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the positioning posture values of approximate plane coordinates, the critical value is determined, which serves as a reference for plane calculations. Lastly, a theoretical measurement model for visual height and central angle is constructed, taking into account the decided central angle threshold value. The simulation experiment demonstrates that using spherical coordinates as input results in an average positioning precision that is 16.42 percent higher compared to using plane coordinates as input. When the central angle is less than 0.5 degrees and the surface area is smaller than 558502 square meters, the positioning precision of plane coordinates is comparable to that of spherical coordinates. In such instances, the sphere can be approximated as flat. The findings of this study provide important theoretical guidance for further research on scene-matching positioning posture solving. These results hold significant implications for both theoretical research and engineering applications.

(Slow-)twisting inflationary attractors

We explore in detail the dynamics of multi-field inflationary models. We first revisit the two-field case and rederive the coordinate independent expression for the attractor solution with either small or large turn rate, emphasizing the role of isometries for the existence of rapid-turn solutions.Then, for three fields in the slow-twist regime we provide elegant expressions for the attractor solution for generic field-space geometries and potentials and study the behaviour of first order perturbations. For generic 𝒩-field models, our method quickly grows in algebraic complexity. We observe that field-space isometries are common in the literature and are able to obtain the attractor solutions and deduce stability for some isometry classes of 𝒩-field models. Finally, we apply our discussion to concrete supergravity models. These analyses conclusively demonstrate the existence of 𝒩 > 2 dynamical attractors distinct from the two-field case, and provide tools useful for future studies of their phenomenology in the cosmic microwave background and stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.

On the Poisson structure and action-angle variables for the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

In this paper, we employ the inverse scattering approach to study the Poisson structure and action-angle variables of the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (cmKdV) equation. We first derive the cmKdV equation via the principle of variation. Then, we successfully obtain the Poisson brackets for the scattering data of the equation. Furthermore, the action-angle variables are expressed in terms of the scattering data. Interestingly, our results show that the coordinate expression and the spectral parameter expression of the Hamiltonian can be related by the conservation laws.

On deducing the drag coefficient formula of cylindrical vegetation in non-uniform channel flow

Research on water flow resistance characteristics in a vegetation environment is a hotspot in environmental fluid research, which is primarily concentrated on the calculation of the vegetation drag coefficient Cd. At present, relatively few studies exist on the resistance characteristics of vegetation under non-uniform flow conditions, resulting in few general expressions for the research of Cd for this type of condition. In response to these scientific problems, this study selects shrub vegetation as the research object and generalised it as cylinders for the simulation study. This study adopts quadraticand Gaussian functions to change the coordinate expression of cylindrical vegetation Cd and then proposes the drag formulas of cylindrical vegetation in non-uniform flow for non-rainfall and heavy rainfall conditions based on regression analysis. Finally, this study substitutes the proposed Cd formula into the Saint-Venant equation to calculate the depth of channel flow. The newly proposed equations are verified by comparing the measured flow depth data with the calculation results. This study provides technical support for refined hydrodynamic simulations of vegetated flow regions.

Expression of lymphoid structure-associated cytokine/chemokine gene transcripts in tumor and protein in serum are prognostic of melanoma patient outcomes.

Proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines support development and maturation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the current study, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of TLS-associated chemokines/cytokines (TLS-kines) expression levels in melanoma patients by performing serum protein and tissue transcriptomic analyses, and to then correlate these data with patients clinicopathological and TME characteristics. Levels of TLS-kines in patients' sera were quantitated using a custom Luminex Multiplex Assay. The Cancer Genomic Atlas melanoma cohort (TCGA-SKCM) and a Moffitt Melanoma cohort were used for tissue transcriptomic analyses. Associations between target analytes and survival outcomes, clinicopathological variables, and correlations between TLS-kines were statistically analyzed. Serum of 95 patients with melanoma were evaluated; 48 (50%) female, median age of 63, IQR 51-70 years. Serum levels of APRIL/TNFSF13 were positively correlated with levels of both CXCL10 and CXCL13. In multivariate analyses, high levels of serum APRIL/TNFSF13 were associated with improved event-free survival after adjusting for age and stage (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95; p = 0.03). High expression of APRIL/TNFSF13 tumor transcripts was significantly associated with improved OS in TCGA-SKCM (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.93; p = 0.01) and in Moffitt Melanoma patients (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.82; p = 0.006). Further incorporation of CXCL13 and CXCL10 tumor transcript levels in a 3-gene index revealed that high APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 expression was associated with improved OS in the TCGA SKCM cohort (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.94; p = 0.035). Melanoma differentially expressed genes positively associated with high APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 tumor expression were linked to tumor infiltration by a diverse array of proinflammatory immune cell types. Serum protein and tumor transcript levels of APRIL/TNFSF13 are associated with improved survival outcomes. Patients exhibiting high coordinate expression of APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 transcripts in their tumors displayed superior OS. Further investigation of TLS-kine expression profiles related to clinical outcomes in larger cohort studies is warranted.

Expression of lymphoid structure-associated cytokine/chemokine gene transcripts in tumor and protein in serum: Outcomes for patients with melanoma.

9565 Background: Proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines support development and maturation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In the current study, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of TLS-associated chemokine/cytokine (TLS-kine) expression levels in melanoma patients (MEL PTs) by performing serum protein and tissue transcriptomic analyses, and to then correlate these data with PT tumor clinicopathological and TIME characteristics. Methods: Levels of TLS-kines in PT sera were quantitated using a custom Luminex Multiplex Assay. The Cancer Genomic Atlas MEL cohort (TCGA-SKCM) and a Moffitt MEL cohort were used for tissue transcriptomic analyses. Associations between target analytes and survival outcomes, clinicopathological variables, and correlations between TLS-kines were statistically analyzed. Results: Serum of 95 PTs with MEL were evaluated; 48 (50%) female, median age of 63, IQR 51-70 years. Serum levels of APRIL/TNFSF13 were positively correlated with levels of both CXCL10 and CXCL13. Tumors with brisk/non-brisk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) vs. absence of TIL exhibited significantly higher levels of APRIL/TNFSF13 (p = 0.01), CCL19 (p = 0.01) and CXCL13 (p = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, high levels of serum APRIL/TNFSF13 were associated with improved event-free survival after adjusting for age and stage (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95; p = 0.03). High expression of APRIL/TNFSF13 transcripts was significantly associated with improved OS in TCGA-SKCM[n = 448](HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.93; p = 0.01) and in Moffitt MEL PTs [n = 134] (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.82; p = 0.006). Further incorporation of CXCL10 and CXCL13 transcript levels in a 3-gene index revealed that high APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 expression was associated with improved OS in the TCGA SKCM cohort (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.94; p = 0.035). High coordinate expression of the TNFSF13/CXCL10/CXCL13 transcripts in MEL was correlated with an increased presence of naïve B cells, plasma B cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages and decreased levels of M2 macrophages and mast cells as well as a reduced neural network gene signature. Conclusions: Serum protein and tumor transcript levels of APRIL/TNFSF13 are associated with improved survival outcomes. PTs exhibiting high coordinate expression of APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 transcripts in their tumors displayed superior OS. MEL differentially expressed genes positively associated with high coordinate APRIL/CXCL10/CXCL13 expression were linked to tumor infiltration by a diverse array of proinflammatory immune cell types. Further investigation of TLS-kine expression profiles related to clinical outcomes is warranted.

The RNA cap methyltransferases RNMT and CMTR1 co-ordinate gene expression during neural differentiation.

Regulation of RNA cap formation has potent impacts on gene regulation, controlling which transcripts are expressed, processed and translated into protein. Recently, the RNA cap methyltransferases RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) and cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1) have been found to be independently regulated during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation controlling the expression of overlapping and distinct protein families. During neural differentiation, RNMT is repressed and CMTR1 is up-regulated. RNMT promotes expression of the pluripotency-associated gene products; repression of the RNMT complex (RNMT-RAM) is required for repression of these RNAs and proteins during differentiation. The predominant RNA targets of CMTR1 encode the histones and ribosomal proteins (RPs). CMTR1 up-regulation is required to maintain the expression of histones and RPs during differentiation and to maintain DNA replication, RNA translation and cell proliferation. Thus the co-ordinate regulation of RNMT and CMTR1 is required for different aspects of ES cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which RNMT and CMTR1 are independently regulated during ES cell differentiation and explore how this influences the co-ordinated gene regulation required of emerging cell lineages.

A real-time shaft alignment monitoring method adapting to ship hull deformation for marine propulsion system

Shaft alignment states are strictly stipulated in the marine propulsion system. However, there are relatively limited studies on shaft alignment monitoring and control considering the effects of ship hull deformation (SHD). SHD can be caused by wave load, loading, depth, speed, etc., and leads to various relative displacements at different shaft supporting points between the ship foundation and the support bearings of the propulsion system. It leads to shaft misalignment, increases shaft vibration and noise, and even endangers the safety of shaft system during the operation stages. To overcome this problem, a real-time shaft alignment monitoring method based on laser displacement sensors (SAMM/LDS) is proposed. Firstly, the defects of a present shaft alignment monitoring method based on eddy current displacement sensors (SAMM/ECDS) are analyzed when considering the effects of SHD. The structure and working principle of a shaft alignment monitoring system adapted to SHD (SAMS/SHD) are proposed. It consists of three sub-systems: the shaft alignment monitoring sub-system adapting to SHD (SAMSS/SHD), the present shaft alignment monitoring sub-system (SAMSS/P), and the shaft alignment correcting sub-system (SACSS). Based on SHD data-driven, SAMS/SHD can not only take advantage of SAMSS/P for long-time operations but also reflect SHD by exploiting the advantages of SAMSS/SHD. Secondly, SAMM/LDS is deduced. Two laser displacement sensors (LDS) are placed on the driving shaft and the driven shaft to reflect the spatial relative displacement and attitude information affected by SHD. Therefore, two reference coordinate systems are fixed at the center of LDS, and the coordinate expressions of their imaging points are derived using a 4 × 4 homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix. For reducing computing complexity in engineering applications, a simplified monitoring model is proposed for very small rigid-body rotational angularities. Finally, the effectiveness and testing accuracy of the SAMM/LDS is verified on a five-DOF platform which can simulate the effects of SHD. The SAMM/LDS can be used to realize real-time and high-precision shaft alignment monitoring for marine propulsion system which can adapt to the effects of SHD and so on. Based on the foundation of this research, compensation control algorithms to solve the misalignment effects deduced by SHD will be studied for marine propulsion system with resilient mounts in the next few years.

Abstract 4655: The prognostic significance of a 12-chemokine tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) gene signature in uveal melanoma (UM)

Abstract Introduction Lymphoid aggregates are commonly associated with better prognosis and enhanced response to immune modulators in several cancers. Considering the immune-privileged status of the eye we sought to investigate the immune, genomic and prognostic significance of 12-chemokine TLS gene signature in UM patients. Methods A previously validated 12-chemokine gene signature established in cutaneous melanoma was used (CCL2-5, CCL8, CCL18, CCL19, CCL21, CXCL9-11, CXCL13). Clinical, genomic and transcriptomic data was retrieved from The Cancer Genomic Atlas UM cohort (n = 80) and the GSE22138 dataset (n = 63) from the gene expression omnibus. The signature was constructed using principal component (PC) analyses based on the first PC1. Patients with a PC1 score > +4 or < -4 were considered gene expression profile (GEP) high and low, respectively. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the immune composition in tumor tissue. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted using the Hallmarks gene sets. A cytotoxic T cell (CTL) score was calculated based on the coordinate expression of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB and PRF1. Results The 12-chemokine score was higher among epithelioid vs. spindle cell or mixed histology (mean: 7.84 vs -4.91 vs 1.22, p = 0.038) and there were no differences across different tumor sites or stages. GEP low patients had significantly better overall survival (HR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.36, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.88, p = 0.031) compared to GEP high. Metastasis-free survival was not significantly different in the second cohort (0.47, 95% CI: 0.16-1.42, p = 0.182). The EIF1AX and SF3B1 driver mutations were significantly more frequent among GEP low (22.5% and 35%) compared to GEP high patients (3.7% and 7.4%). Tumor mutational burden and other driver mutations (BAP1, GNA11, GNAQ) were similar between both groups. GSEA revealed significant enrichment of inflammatory response (IFN-α/γ, TNF-α signalling via NF-κB, IL2-STAT5, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signalling), Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species, and angiogenesis pathways in GEP high patients. GEP low patients had lower CTL scores compared to GEP high patients (31.3 vs 11.4, p < 0.001). M1 macrophages, CD8+ and regulatory T cells were enriched in GEP high patients whereas CD4+ memory T cells and activated dendritic cells were more prevalent in GEP low patients. Conclusion Uveal melanoma patients with a high GEP score had inferior survival and were enriched for inflammatory, angiogenic, and EMT pathways, while patients with a low GEP score were more likely to express prognostically favourable driver mutations (EIF1AX, SF3B1). Our results suggest a variable prognostic role of lymphoid aggregates in the setting of UM compared to other solid tumors, warranting further investigation for their differential underlying mechanisms. Citation Format: Hassan Mohammed Abushukair, Ayah Al-Bzour, Andrew Knight, Walter J. Storkus, John M. Kirkwood, Lilit Karapetyan. The prognostic significance of a 12-chemokine tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) gene signature in uveal melanoma (UM). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4655.

Clinicopathological Features and Survival Analysis in Molecular Subtypes of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Molecular subtyping of bladder cancer (BC) aims to capture the biological heterogeneity of this complex disease in order to provide better patient risk stratification. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are regarded as promising surrogates to classify BCs into luminal and basal subtypes in routine practice. We investigated the correlation between the molecular subclassification, assessed through IHC, and the conventional prognostic variables of a cohort of 93 muscle-invasive BCs (MIBCs), with a focus on the pattern of muscularis propria (MP) invasion, and evaluated their association with outcome. Basal, luminal, double-positive (DP), and double-negative (DN) phenotypes were identified according to the coordinate expression of 1 basal (CK5/6) and 2 luminal (CK20, GATA3) markers, and accounted for 33.3%, 32.3%, 3.2%, and 31.2% (Scheme #1) and 9.7%, 60.2%, 26.9%, and 3.2% (Scheme #2). There was a significant association between the pattern of MP invasion and the molecular subtypes according to Scheme #2, in that all 8 basal and DN cases, as well as 83% of DP cases, had a non-infiltrative invasion pattern. No consistent differences were observed in terms of OS and CSS between the molecular subtypes obtained through surrogate IHC markers. In keeping with previous studies, we report the correlation between the identification of BC subtypes and the presence of morphological prognostic factors, supporting the need for a comprehensive pathological evaluation, including clinicopathological and molecular parameters, in order to improve the diagnosis and management of MIBC.

A special issue in Essays in Biochemistry on astrocytes-more than a neuronal support network.

Astrocytes are a type of non-neuronal, glial cells, anatomically placed in the intersection between the brain blood vessels and other neural cells-including neurons. Such a strategic situation confers these cells a unique opportunity to sense circulating molecules and adapt according to different organismal conditions. By acting as sentinel cells, astrocytes thus co-ordinate gene expression profiles, immune responses, signal transduction pathways, and metabolic programs that play essential roles in the formation of brain circuits to modulate neurotransmission and higher-order organismal functions.

Discussion on generalized formulation of spin semiclassical Langevin equation

The stochastic dynamics of spin semiclassical system at finite temperature is usually described by stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. In this work, the stochastic differential equation for spin semiclassical system is studied. The generalized formulation of effective Langevin equation and the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation are derived. The obtained effective Langevin equation offers an accurate description of the distribution in the canonical ensemble for spin semiclassical system. When the damping term and the stochastic term vanish, the effective Langevin equation reduces to the semiclassical equation of motion for spin system. Hence, the effective Langevin equation can be seen as a generalization of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. The explicit expressions for the effective Langevin equation and the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation are shown in both Cartesian coordinates and spherical coordinates. It is demonstrated that, the longitudinal effect can be easily illustrated from the expressions in spherical coordinates. The effective Langevin equation is applied to the simple system of a single spin in a constant magnetic field. Choosing an appropriate form, the Langevin equation can be easily solved and the stationary Boltzmann distribution can be obtained. The correctness of the Langevin approach for the spin semiclassical system is thus confirmed.