Export Of Food Products Research Articles

Export Potential as the Competitiveness Indicator of the Agri-Food Complex

The paper deals with some theoretical approaches to determining the essence of the export potential, the features of its formation and development in the agri-food complex, the impact on the growth of competitiveness. This made it possible to clarify the definition of the export potential of the agri-food complex as an aggregate of competitive advantages. The specifics of the development of the export potential in the context of globalization and the development of international integration are revealed. The dynamics and structure of exports of food products and agricultural raw materials are analyzed; the physical capacity of the domestic markets of basic food products, the dynamics, and trends of its change are estimated. Excessive growth in the volume of production of agricultural products can lead to oversaturation of the domestic market, a decrease in the profitability of domestic producers, worsening the financial situation in the industry. Russia has a significant potential for integration into the world agri-food system. However, the main share of the export of the agri-food complex is made up of agricultural raw materials, primarily grains and oilseeds, which has an adverse effect on the structure of the complex and the rate of its development. The diversification of exports, the growth of exports of products with high added value will contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture and food industries. The development of the export potential of the Russian agri-food complex should be based not only on the active use of national competitive advantages but also on the formation of competitive advantages based on the international division of labor as well. The export-oriented strategy for the development of Russia's agri-food complex needs to be justified in the context of food security policy, which implies resolving the contradiction between national interests related to the saturation of domestic markets, and attitudes toward growing competitiveness in the world food markets, as well as the development and realization of the export potential.

Food safety in China from North American and European perspectives

ABSTRACTFood safety crises have constituted a persistent challenge for the Chinese government and people. Because of international trade, consumers’ concern regarding the safety of food products imported from China is increasing in many countries. Yet, no systematic investigation has examined the perception of Western respondents regarding the safety of food imports coming from China. This study, based on an online survey (n = 289) between April and May 2017, is an initial attempt to investigate the perception of consumers in Europe and North America regarding different food safety issues and regulations in the People’s Republic of China and their attitudes towards food products imported from China. Our results show that socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the influence of different types of media were not related to the perceptions and attitudes towards food safety. But, we found a strong relationship between the perception of the food safety regulations in China and the personal consumption of food products imported from China. In addition, a positive relationship was discovered between having been to China and the purchase of food products imported from China. Our findings suggest that investments in the promotion of the knowledge of food safety regulations implementation in China would lead to an increase in the export of food products. Also, the positive relationship between having been to China and the purchase of food products imported from China should be further investigated to consider the implications for tourism and food trade in China.

SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF THE COUNTRY

the development of interregional exchange, based on the increase in commodity resources for the export of food products and agricultural raw materials, contributes to the partial leveling of consumption certain of types of food products by the population, especially those re-gions of the country that have relatively low production and especially bioclimatic potential.

Strategies Towards the Development of Agrifood Voluntary Standards

Voluntary standards can play an important role not only in agrifood manufacturing but also in the distribution industry. Furthermore, it is a main factor to industries seeking product differentiation and operationalizing risk management of their supply chains as well as for customers who want to buy good products. Therefore, our agrifood industry should respond through the acquisition and management of voluntary standards which can influence the establishment of strategy in risk management and strategic differentiation. Government should build a cluster network for innovation and development of standardized voluntary standards in the domestic food industry by enabling an innovative environment which includes tie-ups between the food industry and local universities. An appropriate application of voluntary standards in the agrifood sector will lead to the increase of exports of food products and the sophistication of the domestic food sector.

Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products.
 Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products.
 Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015.
 Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union ? food products vs selected groups of non-food products

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector?s products.
 Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products.
 Methods: The study used the B. Balassa?s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003?2015.
 Findings & Value added: In the years 2003?2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import ? more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

International competitiveness and restructuring of the Croatian food industry

The goal of this article is to provide a deeper insight to the overall contribution of the export of food products to the Croatian economy and to estimate the direct and indirect impact of the international competitiveness of food producers on other domestic sectors. The authors measure the importance of the food sector by employing both the constant market share (CMS) and the input-output analysis. The results indicate that a loss in competitiveness in the Croatian food industry was the most important factor that determined the decreasing share of national companies in the period from 2009, when the global recession started, up to 2013, when Croatia joined the EU. EU membership strongly and positively influenced the performance of Croatian food exports. The negative trend regarding the share of the international food market was reversed. Besides having a direct impact on the export performance of the food industry, the international competitiveness of food producers indirectly affects other domestic companies whose products are used as intermediate inputs in the food industry. The study also presents a benchmark of results with previous research for EU countries, which rarely included Croatia before the accession in 2013. As far as output and value added are concerned, multipliers for the food industry are relatively significant and higher than the national average, and the food industry could be assessed as one of the key Croatian economic sectors.

Zmiany udziału wartości dodanej w eksporcie produktów przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce

Postępująca fragmentaryzacja produkcji, powoduje powstawanie globalnych łańcuchów dostaw, w których poszczególne kraje eksportują wyprodukowaną w kraju wartość dodaną często przy zwiększającym się udziale zagranicznej wartości dodanej. Mierzenie handlu z pomocą wartości dodanej pozwala precyzyjniej określić znaczenie eksportu w gospodarce. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zmian, jakie zachodziły w eksporcie produktów przemysłu spożywczego Polski mierzonych wartością dodaną oraz wskazanie, że branża ta jest coraz większym stopniu zaangażowana w globalne łańcuchy dostaw. Do analizy wykorzystane zostały dane z lat 1995-2011 opracowane przez OECD/WTO w bazie TiVA. Badanie potwierdziło, że znaczenie eksportu produktów przemysłu spożywczego jest niedoszacowane w tradycyjnym ujęciu eksportu brutto Polski. W analizowanym okresie nastąpił wzrost zagranicznej wartości dodanej usług. Wskazuje to na zwiększający się udział przemysłu spożywczego w globalnych łańcuchach dostaw.

Halal Europe: a Premium Halal-Tayyib Brand?

Europe is a leading exporter of food products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to Muslim countries in Asia and the Middle East. Unlike Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand, the halal standards in European countries do not organise their safety standards. While Muslim countries are introducing new halal standards and strengthening their certification requirements, exporters in European countries are increasingly facing difficulties in complying with the new halal regulations. European governments have regarded these new regulations as barriers to their trade with Muslim countries. Does this reflect their lack of understanding of halal, or do they have a valid argument?

DAMPAK PERLAMBATAN EKONOMI CHINA DAN DEVALUASI YUAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERDAGANGAN PERTANIAN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the impact of slowing economic growth in China and devaluation of the yuan on the performance of agricultural trade Indonesia. The research used a simultaneous equations model and estimated using the 2-SLS method. The results showed that the trade cooperation Indonesia - China has a positive impact on increasing production, price, investment, consumption, exports, imports, and Indonesia's national income post-CAFTA takes effect over the previous period. China's economic growth led to increased China's exports to Indonesia, but the increase Indonesia's exports to China relatively constant. At the time of CAFTA takes effect, slowing economic growth in China and devaluation of the yuan is expected negatively impact to the performance of the agricultural sector and trade Indonesia, because of the decline in demand for Chinese imports from Indonesia and it caused Indonesian export to China decreased, except for exports of food products, indicating that China's need for food and raw materials for industry. Indonesia's export performance drop will cause the trade of Indonesia deficit higher and destabilizing the economy of Indonesia.

Export performance and potential of area under processed fruits and vegetables in Karnataka and India

The growth trend in export of processed fruits and vegetables in India and Karnataka, to access the growth and variability in area, production, productivity of fruits and vegetables in India was estimated using the compound growth function. The analysis of growth is usually used in economic studies to find out the trend of a particular variable over a period of time. The necessary secondary data on export of processed fruits and vegetables were collected from agricultural and processed food products export development authority (APEDA) for the period 2007–08 to 2015–16. The positive growth was noticed in export among all processed fruits and vegetables in India, the lower growth of export cucumber and gherkins (0.85% pa) in India when compared to Karnataka (2.82% pa) respectively. Similarly, there was higher growth in export of dried and preserved vegetables and mango pulp in India compared to Karnataka. However, the growth of overall export of processed fruits and vegetables in India was noticed higher (7.09%) as compared to growth in Karnataka (1.15% pa). The growth was positive among all export of processed fruits and vegetables in Karnataka except others processed fruits & vegetables noticed negative. The country offers a tremendous potential to increase overall production of fruits and vegetables and create a sufficient export in processed fruits & vegetables.

International food trade reduces environmental effects of nitrogen pollution in China.

The globalization of agricultural trade has dramatically altered global nitrogen flows by changing the spatial pattern of nitrogen utilization and emissions at a global scale. As a major trading country, China uses a large amount of nitrogen, which has a profound impact on global nitrogen flows. Using data on food production and trade between China and 26 other countries and regions, we calculated nitrogen inputs and outputs in food production ecosystem in each country. We estimated nitrogen flows in international food trade and analyzed their impact on nitrogen pollution in China. We divided nitrogen flows into embodied and virtual nitrogen flows. Embodied nitrogen is taken up by the plant and incorporated into the final food product, whereas virtual nitrogen is lost to the environment throughout the food production process and is not contained in the final food product. Our results show that China mainly imports food products from America and Asia, accounting for 95% of all imported food. Asia (mainly Japan) and Europe are the main exporters of food from China, with Japan and the EU accounting for 17 and 10% of all exported food, respectively. Total nitrogen inputs and outputs in food production in China were 55,400 and 61,000Gg respectively, which were much higher than in other countries. About 1440 and 950Gg of embodied and virtual nitrogen respectively flow into China through the food trade, mainly from food-exporting countries such as the USA, Argentina, and Brazil. Meanwhile, 177 and 160Gg of embodied and virtual nitrogen respectively flow out of China from the export of food products, mainly to Japan. China's net food imports have reduced 720 and 458Gg for nitrogen utilization and outputs, respectively, which accounted for 1.3 and 0.78% of total nitrogen inputs and outputs in China. These results suggest that food trade in China has a profound effect on nitrogen flows and has greatly reduced environmental impacts on nitrogen pollution in China.

Production of Organic Agricultural Products is an Important Area of “Green” Economy

Background/Objectives: Purpose of the work is to analyze scientific research concerning organic agriculture and greening of agricultural production and develop recommendations on appropriate legal regulation in the Sverdlovsk region and the Russian Federation. Methods: The legal engineering, including general scientific methods of cognition: Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc., were used as the main methods of research. Findings: Currently in Russia about 50 million hectares of 122 million ha of arable land are derived from agricultural production and synthetic chemical fertilizers are not applied on these arable lands for 20 years or more. This factor allows using unoccupied land areas for the production of organic agricultural produce of both vegetable and animal origin. To organize organic agriculture in the Russian Federation it is required to adopt an appropriate federal law, which has been done in some regions. This federal law should provide rules governing the production of organic agricultural products, develop a national standard for this type of agricultural production; determine the level of public financial support for producers of such products; stipulate pricing guidelines; identify state control and supervision over the quality of organic agricultural products; legal responsibility for violation of legislation on production and marketing of organic products. Some other tasks in the sphere of organic agricultural production should also be solved: the formation of a new philosophy of healthy nutrition, as well as the organization of agricultural production. Applications/Improvements: Legislative regulation considering the aforementioned principles is the basis for development of organic agriculture in the country. This trend will be most important in the field of Russian exports of food products to the world agricultural market.

An Analysis of the Direction to Expand Japanese Agricultural, Seafood, and Food Products Export

An Analysis of the Direction to Expand Japanese Agricultural, Seafood, and Food Products Export

Multinational Retailers and Home Country Food Exports

AbstractThis article questions whether food exports to a given national market are impacted by a domestic retailer opening in that market. To answer this question, we considered an empirical gravity‐type trade model. We tested our model with data on bilateral exports of food products sold in supermarkets (groceries) on a large panel of countries, as well as the foreign grocery sales of the world's 100 largest retail companies from 2001–2010. We found a strong positive effect of the overseas presence of retailers from a given country on its exports to those markets. This outcome is far from trivial since most products sold in retailers' foreign outlets are produced locally, and it also testifies to the fact that the presence of a country's retail companies overseas helps reduce export costs to these markets for other firms from the retailers' country of origin. On average, a 10% increase in retailers' sales in a foreign country leads to a 2.1%–2.5% increase in food exports to this destination. Our result is robust to different specifications, the use of different sets of instrumental variables, and econometric approaches. The effects on exported values and quantities are similar, implying that our finding is not induced by price or quality upgrading.

Key Factors for Development of Export in Polish Food Sector

Abstract Background: The accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004 facilitated increased exports of food products. It revealed a significant competitive advantage of Polish foreign trade in agri-food products compared to the countries of the ≫old EU≪. After nearly 10 years of Polish membership in the EU, the food sector has still a considerable potential, fostering a further increase in exports. Objectives: The purpose of the paper was an attempt to establish the current determinants for the possibility to increase the exports of the Polish food sector and to identify potential opportunities and potential threats in the future. It was also decided to give an answer to the question whether any of the group factors has a greater impact on the development of exports than the other, and which issues play only a minor role in the development of international exchange. Method: The analysis used involved the review of the relevant literature and forming a group of experts to specify the key factors of success in the food sector export. Basing on the experts research the STEEPVL analysis was carried out. Results: It turned out that apart from a number of organizational, financial and marketing factors the most important are: the level of the IT infrastructure and the fluctuation of the demand on the international markets for the goods offered by the sector. Conclusion: Therefore, the focus on the new distribution channels, integrated company management IT systems and changes in the demand on the market is the key challenge for securing the current potential and for the further development of the sector.

Market co-integration, price discovery and causation of basmati paddy in Haryana

This paper tests the extent of market co-integration of prices of Paddy among major markets of Haryana and Amritsar market of Punjab by using Johansen Granger Causality Tests and also captures the speed of adjustment to deviations in long run equilibrium in Paddy markets by using Vector Error Correction Model. India's basmati (aromatic) rice exports crossed a record of two million ton (mt) in the last financial year, in the process helping the country recoup some of the losses suffered because of more than two-year-long ban on non-basmati rice exports. In Haryana about 40 percent of the total area under rice is occupied by basmati Paddy. During 2008–09 the area under basmati rice has crossed more than 60 percent of the total area under rice mainly due to inclusion of PUSA 1121 under the category of basmati. According to the latest data compiled by Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), exports of the premium aromatic rice has increased by an impressive 44 percent in comparison to 1.6 million tonne in 2008–09. In value terms, the export of basmati rice has crossed `19,400 crore last fiscal against `9,476 crore achieved during 2008–09. This has gone a long way in wiping off the almost `7,000 crore annual loss that India suffered because of ban on non-basmati rice exports imposed couple of years to check rising local prices. We are expecting the rise in exports to continue during the current fiscal as well.

Digital Image-based Inductive Characterization and Classification for Improving the Quality Inspection of Diverse Food Products

With the increasingly demanding international regulations for import and export of food products, as well as with the increased awareness and sophistication of consumers, the food industry needs accurate, fast and efficient quality inspection means. Each producer seeks to ensure that their products satisfy all consumer's expectations and that the appropriate quality level of each product is offered and sold to each different socio-economic consumer group. This paper presents three study cases where digital image analysis and inductive characterization techniques have been successfully applied to improve the quality inspection process. Three very different and unrelated basic food products are studied: Hass Avocado, Manila Mango and Corn Tortillas. Each one of these products has some special and particular features that complicate the quality inspection process, but each of these products is also very important in economical terms for the sheer volume of their production and marketing. Experimental results of each case shows that the general technique has great accuracy and significantly lower costs.

The protection of the environment: Protection of health and food safety - EU and Serbia

From the last century the process of harmonization and unification of the law on food safety for the protection of consumers in the European Union (EU) is ongoing. According to these rules, participants in the production and distribution of food have to respect the rules in all phases of production: 'From Farm to Fork'. Honoring of the rules is based on self-control and the responsibility of producers and distributors, and is subject to public control with appropriate sanctions by competent authorities of a Member State as well as the EU. In the Republic of Serbia, after singing the Stabilization and Association Agreement, the statutory law has been approximated with the laws of the EU. That however, is not sufficient. It is necessary to develop the self-control of producers as well as to organize an efficient public control, not only because this is a necessary condition for export of food products to the single market of the EU, or for the membership in the EU, but also for ensuring safe food in the internal market of Serbia.

Basic agricultural indicators in Arab countries

Soaring of food prices in recent years have seriously affected developing countries in the Arab region and worldwide, especially low-income and food-importing countries, which have stressed the need to achieve ‘food security’ to eradicate poverty and hunger as one of the basic Millennium Development Goals (MDG). This statistical file focuses on data that might help explore the situation of food security in Arab countries, recognizing that – except for fish and vegetables – Arab countries suffer from a shortage of all types of farm products, and the farm gap – the difference between imports and exports of food products – peaked at about US$23 billion in 2008 to bring the cumulative Arab food shortage to US$155.5 billion during 2000–2008 (Kawach 2010).