Fruit Export Research Articles

The analysis of vegetable and fruit export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska

The aim of this research is an analysis of the Republic of Srpska's export competitiveness in vegetables and fruit on international markets. Two main evaluation indices were used, namely the trade competitiveness (TC) index and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index to measure and analyze the international position of vegetables and fruit during 2015 – 2022. Both indicators were calculated based on statistical data on foreign trade in vegetables and fruit between the Republic of Srpska and the world, EU, and CEFTA countries, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Vegetables and fruit participate with 7.17% and 15.41% in the total export of the Republic of Srpska’s agri–food sector. Analysis of the export structure of this sector showed an average share of vegetables and fruit of 12.04% and 9.43% in the EU market, i.e., 1.63% and 9.65% in the CEFTA market. The results indicate strong export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska in vegetables concerning the world and EU markets, but weak export competitiveness in relation with the CEFTA countries. The Republic of Srpska recorded strong export competitiveness in fruit on the world and CEFTA market, while poor export competitiveness in the EU market. Within these two product groups on the world market, cucumbers, apples, pears, and plums achieved strong export competitiveness. Cucumbers and plums were two leading products regarding strong export competitiveness On the EU market, while apples and pears were on the CEFTA market. Considering the favourable agroecological conditions for the production of vegetables and fruit, the Republic of Srpska should continue to promote production and foreign trade in these traditional products and improve their competitiveness on international markets.

FRUITING BEHAVIOR AND FRUIT QUALITY OF LEADING MANGO CULTIVARS GROWN IN SOUTH PUNJAB-PAKISTAN

Mango is an important and exportable fruit crop of Pakistan However, it is being cultivated in Indo-Pakistan region from centuries, yet farmers face decline in mango production due to lack of available knowledge about fruit bearing habits of mango trees. In order to provide this basic information, a three year study plan was carried out on 10 elite varieties of mangoes from 2018-2020 in Punjab Pakistan. Data was statistically analyzed through R statistical programing using ANOVA analysis. The data depicts that cultivar Dusehri, Late Retaul, Sansation and Sufaid Chaunsa took maximum flowering on old shoots while Azeem Chaunsa, Kala Chaunsa, Langra, Sindhri and Anwar Retaul on new shoots. Fruit bearing on old shoots was significantly higher in Dusehri (75.80), while minimum on Azeem Chaunsa (0.0). The fruit bearing on new shoots was significantly higher on Anwar Retaul (99.73), while it was minimum on Dusehri (25.06). Significantly higher fruit weight was observed in Sufaid Chaunsa and total soluble solids were higher in Kala Chaunsa while minimum were observed in Sansation (15.93). Acidity was non-significantly different among the cultivars. Hence, it was concluded that Dusehri, Late Retaul, Sansation and Sufaid Chaunsa took maximum flowering on old shoots while Azeem Chaunsa, Kala Chaunsa, Langra, Sindhri and Anwar Retaul on new shoots. Our studies provide understanding of fruiting behavior which helps in devising mango crop’s varietal-specific management system and paves the way for mango’s quality and yield enhancement.

An insight into the trend and instability of processed fruits export from India

India is one of the world’s leading fruit and vegetable producers after China owing to its diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, the 20-30 percent of the produce is wasted because of its perishability. The processed form of fruits is the most convenient for storage and export owing to its demand in foreign countries. Hence, this study analyzed the growth and instability of different processed fruit exports in India from 2001-02 to 2022-23. The Compound Annual Growth rates showed that exports increased overall growth rate, with a higher growth rate for jam, jelly and marmalades at 12 percent, followed by dried fruits (9 percent) and mango pulp (0.08 percent) in quantity exported. The instability was calculated using the Cuddy-Della Index for processed fruits’ export values (MT). It was realized from the result that the mango pulp category showed high instability in the overall export with Cuddy-Della Index value of 26.16 percent. In contrast, jam, jelly, marmalades, and dried fruits showed instability of 23.86 percent and 24.8 percent, respectively. This study concluded that proper infrastructure, cold chain, and supply chain for horticultural commodities should be developed for destination-specific production of processed fruits, as this could lead India to compete with global exporters and explore new alternate markets for the produce.

Control of the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae), through several preharvest management practices: establishment of a phytosanitary measure for citrus fruits for export

Control of the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae), through several preharvest management practices: establishment of a phytosanitary measure for citrus fruits for export

Competitiveness of citrus export and its determinants: a two-way fixed effect panel data model approach.

Pakistan has a conducive condition for the development of a wide range of scrumptious fruits. As a result, the country grows a diverse assortment of tropical and subtropical fruits; the most prized and top-ranked fruit among all fruits grown in Pakistan is citrus. Citrus is the principal fruit that contributes significantly to Pakistan's export earnings and national income. In this study, the cross-border determinants influencing Pakistan's citrus exports to its topmost 22 trading partners are examined using a gravity model technique. This is the first large study from Pakistan by using gravity model to check the impact of various cross-border factors on citrus fruit export. The analysis is based on a panel dataset covering the years 2003 to 2021. To estimate the results, the study used fixed effect regression with time and country fixed effects. The results signify that per capita income, population, and some regional dummies are positively associated with citrus exports from Pakistan. Citrus price, distance, exchange rate, and other regional dummies are observed to have an adverse effect on citrus exports. Trade agreements between Pakistan and trade partners such as free trade agreements, preferential trade agreements, and SAFTA, have been observed as important determinants of citrus exports. Citrus exporters in Pakistan can also benefit from understanding the factors that influence export markets. By addressing the challenges identified in this study, Pakistan can enhance its citrus exports and boost its agricultural sector.

Do water risk management strategies lead to environmental upgrading in global value chains? A view from South Africa's export fruit industry

Environmental upgrading is becoming increasingly important in terms of leveraging sustainability in global value chains (GVCs). Existing research focuses on environmental upgrading as a process, while the drivers and outcomes often remain unclear. We address this limitation through a qualitative case study of the South African fruit industry based on interviews and documents, where we investigate the drivers and outcomes of environmental upgrading strategies with a focus on irrigation water use and sustainability. We share three important findings in our paper, which contribute to the literature. First, we identify environmental risk as an important driver for environmental upgrades that has so far been overlooked. Second, we question the current focus of environmental upgrading strategies on technological interventions. Focusing on technological interventions alone, however, is insufficient to address local and global challenges regarding water resources sustainability. Our third finding emphasises the need to consider the wider environmental and political economic context within which environmental upgrading takes place. This is because environmental upgrading strategies can actively contribute to the development of environmental risks for other actors, within or beyond value chains, and therefore have clear limits in their contribution to increasing sustainability.

Farmers’ perceptions and management of citrus fungal diseases in Benin

Background and aimCitrus production represents an important activity for the national economy and a source of income for farmers in Benin. However, fungal diseases are a major constraint to production intensification. The aim of this study is to assess farmers’ perceptions on citrus fungal diseases in production areas in Benin. MethodsA survey was conducted among 417 farmers between July and December 2021 in four major citrus-producing agro-ecological zones (zones V, VI, VII and VIII) to collect their perceptions, knowledge and management practices of citrus fungal diseases. ResultsFarmers reported that fungal diseases are one of the main constraints to citrus production, including black spot, anthracnose, brown rot, sooty mold and fruit rot. Among them, black spot disease is the most severe, causing damage to production. According to farmers, symptoms appear on fruit after fruit set, with a very remarkable presence and high incidence at maturity. Although farmers are most of times aware of the damage caused by fungal diseases with adverse consequences on their income, they have a poor knowledge of appropriate phytosanitary products to manage these diseases. Indeed, the majority of farmers (>60 %) use chemical insecticides, which they reported to be ineffective against citrus fungal diseases. Although chemical insecticides are their only recourse, almost 40 % use nothing to control these diseases. Farmers stated that climatic variability is a factor favoring the development of diseases, leading to reduced production. ConclusionsAmong the several citrus fungal diseases, black spot is perceived as the most damaging, causing greater yield losses under favorable conditions, coupled with an almost total absence of appropriate control methods. This study contributes to the reorganization of the citrus industry and to decision-making on capacity building for farmers in terms of orchard pest protection, in order to guarantee better production of marketable and exportable fruit.

Stone fruit crops market development in Ukraine and throughout the world

he current state of the stone fruit market in Ukraine, the price situation, and the development of foreign trade are analyzed. The issue of production and sale of fruits in the world is considered. It has been established that peaches and nectarines occupy the first place among stone fruits in terms of world production. China is the leader among world producers of stone fruits. It was determined that the needs of the population of Ukraine in stone fruits relative to the consumption rate, due to its low paying demand, are met by only 70%. Due to the concentration of the main production of these fruits in households, there is differentiation in the level of consumption. After all, the chaotic nature of their production and sale cannot ensure uniformity and sufficiency. In our opinion, Ukrainian stone fruits remain less competitive in terms of prices than imported ones due to undeveloped infrastructure and insufficient government support for the horticulture market. The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the formation of the conjuncture of the global and domestic stone fruit market and further development prospects. The variability of the market of stone fruits is manifested in the change of its conjuncture. The study of the latter was carried out based on a set of economic indicators divided into groups: production, internal turnover, foreign trade, price. In the process of research, the dialectical method of understanding market processes and the systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, abstract-logical method were used. It was established that the structure and saturation of the stone fruit market is insufficiently efficient and requires an additional expansion of the quality product offer to meet the needs of consumers. The basis for this should be an increase in production volumes by horticultural enterprises. This requires additional state support, in particular for solving pricing, investment, lending and insurance issues. The problem of selling stone fruits remains acute. This is due to the insufficient development of the processing industry and the lack of storage facilities for enterprises. This limits the formation of marketable batches of fruits for export. We believe that in the near future, in order to optimally meet the needs of consumers with fruits, it is necessary to develop a long-term program for the development of the internal market of stone fruits. It is necessary to take into account the possibilities of financial state support of the horticulture industry and forecast indicators of demand provision. Key words: market, stone fruits, consumption, supply, demand, export, import, price.

An Overview of Processed Fruits Export from India: Growth, Status and Trend

An Overview of Processed Fruits Export from India: Growth, Status and Trend

ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКСПОРТ И ИМПОРТ АПЕЛЬСИНОВ: ОБЪЕМЫ, СТРАНЫ, ТЕНДЕНЦИИ

In this scientific work, the authors analyzed changes in global exports and imports of oranges for 2016-2022, and compiled a ranking of countries that were leaders in the international turnover of this citrus fruit in 2022. During the indicated period, the volume of global exports of oranges decreased from 7431.647 thousand tons to 7415.296 thousand tons, and imports from 7082.773 thousand tons to 7029.937 thousand tons. In 2022, the top ten of their main suppliers Egypt, Spain, South Africa, USA, Netherlands, Turkey, Greece, Australia, Portugal and Morocco were present in international trade. Together, they accounted for 83.72% of the world's exports of this citrus fruit in 2022. The top ten major importers of oranges were the Netherlands, France, Russia, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, UK, Iraq, UAE and the USA. In total, they accounted for 50.43% of the corresponding global parameter in 2022. We found that during the study period, imports of oranges to Russia increased from 451.822 thousand tons to 464.641 thousand tons. As a result, our country is in the ranking of the largest importers of this citrus fruit moved from fourth place in 2016 to third place in 2022.

Fruit exports determinants from the Brazilian Northeast region (2000 - 2018): an analysis from the gravity model’s viewpoint

Fruit exports determinants from the Brazilian Northeast region (2000 - 2018): an analysis from the gravity model’s viewpoint

Exploration of fruit parameters for non-destructive identification of calyx cavity in ‘Fuyu’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)

ABSTRACT Calyx cavity is a common physiological disorder in many persimmon cultivars. It is characterised by a separation between the calyx and the surrounding flesh. The presence of calyx cavity in export fruit can lead to phytosanitary risks and reduced storage potential due to more rapid softening and increased chilling injury. Manual detection of calyx cavity at packing is very time-consuming and uneconomic. This work investigated the ability of non-destructive evaluation, combined with modelling, to identify calyx cavity in ‘Fuyu’ persimmons. Fruit were evaluated at harvest, followed by a period of nine-week storage in modified atmosphere packaging at 0°C. The presence and severity of calyx cavity was related with higher red colouration and fresh weight before storage. Using colour index data and weight data, binary classification of calyx cavity by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted 74.1% correct segregation. The model correctly identified 70.5% of calyx cavity fruit (29.5% false negatives) and 77.4% of no cavity fruit (22.6% false positives). The use of non-destructive calyx cavity classification based on the evaluation of quality parameters is a starting point in providing the ability to segregate healthy fruit before packaging and storage. Further work is necessary to improve model performance before implementation is viable.

Assessing the impact of non-tariff measures on Sri Lankan mango exports: insights, challenges, and recommendations

IntroductionWith the increase in non-tariff measures (NTMs) in recent years, understanding their impact on trade policies and agricultural exports is of utmost importance for countries like Sri Lanka, where the proliferation of NTMs has posed substantial impediments to its mango export industry. However, studying NTMs can be challenging due to their complex nature, diverse range, and limited information availability.MethodsThis research aims to investigate the significant effect of NTMs on Sri Lankan mango exports, identify the pivotal drivers influencing mango exports, and analyze the performance of mango exports in Sri Lanka. This study utilized a panel dataset of 16 importing countries spanning the period from 2000 to 2021. The primary focus was on examining NTM-related challenges and obstacles faced by the mango export industry in Sri Lanka. The identification and quantification of these obstacles were achieved through a multifaceted approach in which assessment of NTM-related rejections, both domestic and overseas, evaluation of NTM incidences using frequency and coverage ratio measures, and the deployment of various gravity model equations to quantify the effect of NTMs were taken into consideration. Probit, Ordinary Least Square, Random Effects, and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimation techniques were utilized for data analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate a significant inverse correlation between the increase in the total count of NTMs and Sri Lankan mango exports if the country aims to export more mangoes to relevant markets, while Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), and Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI) contributed to increased mango exports. Among other explanatory variables, the GDP of both importing and exporting countries had a positive influence on Sri Lankan mango exports. Surprisingly, the distance to the importing country had no significant effect, though it shows a negative sign.DiscussionThis study provides valuable insights into the impact of NTMs on Sri Lankan mango exports. It highlights the considerable influence of NTMs on the overall fresh fruit export sector. We recommend proactively aligning internal quality testing regulations with the standards required by destination countries to promote future expansion.

EXPORT DEMAND FOR THAILAND'S KING OF FRUIT

This paper aims to find the determinant of Thailand’s king of fruit exports based on the gravity model. Several primary econometrics methods apply to the gravity model applying to Thailand’s durian export. The result indicates that the country-pair and time-fixed effect PML with interaction regarding the landlock and time dummy variables give the most logical results. The empirical results suggest that enhancing labor productivity in durian cultivation is a strategy to increase durian cultivation and export. Durian exporters might use the lower price strategy to enhance their income. Thailand’s durian exporters should find a specific country in each income-level group where most people love durian.

Supporting tactical harvest planning decisions of major fruits through a multi-objective modeling approach by using exact methods

An important stage of the agri-food supply chain is production (agricultural practices and harvesting), where relevant decisions are made in a short period of intensive activity. Regarding the major fruit supply chain, the complexity of these decisions increases because most fruit export companies manage several orchards with different fruit species and varieties. Moreover, the amount of labor and resources must be estimated at least two months in advance of the harvest so that they can be relied upon during the harvest season. In this study, a multi-objective modeling approach for supporting tactical harvest planning decisions of major fruits is developed, aiming to evidence its adequacy and to identify different harvest plans according to the prioritized objectives. Therefore, a multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) model, which considers three conflicting objectives, is proposed. The three objectives correspond to minimizing harvest costs, fruit loss and harvest days. For solving the MOLP model, five a posteriori multi-objective exact methods are compared using a synthetic instance based on a real case. The Pareto frontiers obtained by these methods are analyzed using three metrics related to accuracy, cardinality, and diversity criteria, so that the most suitable method can be selected. Thus, the selected method is applied to an actual case study of a Chilean fruit export company. In addition, the ε-constraint method is used in this case study to compare the obtention of non-dominated solutions in the convex and non-convex regions of the Pareto frontier. The results show that harvest plans vary significantly according to the prioritization of the objective functions. Thus, the percentage difference between each objective function’s worst and best values is around 497% when the harvest costs are minimized, around 1,448% when the fruit loss is minimized, and around 18% when the number of harvest days is minimized. In addition, the adequacy of the multi-objective approach rather than the mono-objective approach to support tactical harvest planning decisions is demonstrated. Furthermore, a scenario analysis for considering changes in the harvest periods is carried out by considering three possible scenarios. This analysis is required because these periods can change every year due to different factors, such as weather conditions and agricultural practices, among others. The results show that the harvest costs and fruit loss increase, on average, 87% and 100%, respectively, when the harvest period is short, that is, one day. Finally, managerial insights about the information obtained by the MOLP model are discussed.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ОБЪЕМЫ ПОСТАВОК ОСНОВНЫХ ФРУКТОВ И ЯГОД В ЕГИПЕТСКОМ ЭКСПОРТЕ

In this study, based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the authors characterized the change for 2011-2022 in the volume of exports of fruit and berry products from Egypt and the share of this country in the corresponding global indicator. Ten main fruits and berries in Egyptian exports were identified for 2022, the directions and volumes of their supplies were reflected. The first five of them were represented by oranges (45.61% of physical exports of fruit and berry products from Egypt), tangerines (6.75%), lemons and limes (5.04%), grapes (4.36%), dates (1.51%). The second five included strawberries - 1.26%, peaches and nectarines - 0.52%, pomelo and grapefruits - 0.47%, watermelons - 0.27%, melons - 0.12%. It is noticeable that citrus fruits accounted for 57.87%. The authors identified ten countries that in 2022 were leaders in the supply of these ten fruits and berries from Egypt. Mostly among them were a number of countries from the Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Russia, among other countries in the world, took first place in purchasing from Egypt oranges, tangerines, pomelo and grapefruits, second - lemons and limes, third - grapes, peaches and nectarines, fourth - strawberries.

Export of fruits, vegetables and their products from India - A study on growth rate and instability index

The study aimed to analyze the growth rate and instability index for export of fruits, vegetables and products of fruits and vegetables from India. The present study based on the secondary data, data were collected from Agricultural and Processed Food Export Development Authority (APEDA). Compound annual growth rate analysis and cuddy della valle instability index were employed for analysis of growth rate and instability index of fruits, vegetables and products of fruits and vegetables from India. Here secondary data for fruits, vegetables and products of fruits and vegetables was collected for the period of 2006-07 to 2021-22. The results reveals that the CAGR for the export of fruits and vegetables in terms of quantity and value showed a positive and significant growth rate for potato (12.59 and 21.56%), watermelon (11.75 and 21.19%), green chilli (9.03 and 20.70%), other fresh vegetables (8.49 and 15.99%), grapes (8.18 and 18.70%), pomegranate (7.91 and 19.15%), oranges (7.30and 17.98%), garlic (7.26 and 17.61%) and other fresh fruits (7.06 and 16.54%), But mango shows negative growth rate of -5.26 per centin terms of quantity and the highest instability index showed for orangesat 75.53 and 74.42, respectively. For products of fruits and vegetables in terms of quantity and value the CAGR for the export of raisins (41.00 and 50.48%), potato (prepared and preserved) (36.85 and 40.64%), other vegetables products (betel leaves and nuts) (15.28 and 23.09%), processed fruits, juices and nuts (10.15 and 18.76%), onion (dried and powdered) (6.71 and 15.06%), processed vegetables (5.41 and 14.04%), fruits and vegetables seeds (4.79 and 16.93%), guar gum (4.73 and 8.32%), mango pulp (3.63 and 2.33%) and cucumber and gherkins (prepared and preserved) (1.03 and 8.71%). But walnuts shows negative and significant growth rate of -9.97 and -7.51per cent and the highest instability index showed for potato (prepared and preserved) and guar gum at 67.98 and 105.79, respectively. This conclude that there had been absolute growth rate due to increased fruits and vegetables production, growing international demand for fruits, vegetables and products of fruits and vegetables, competitive pricing in global market. By this India can continue to expand its presence in global market, boosting economic growth and benefiting farmers and stake holders across the agricultural value chain and reduce risk of export in future days.

Impact of non‐tariff measures on the survival of China's fresh fruit exports

Using data at the HS‐6 product level, this study presents evidence on the export survival of China's fresh fruit during the period 2002–2019, and identifies the impact of non‐tariff measures (NTMs) on the hazard rate of trade disruption. The results show that the average length of 2239 trade spells is 5.16 years. Notably, 67.04 per cent of these spells are no more than three years long, whereas only 7.95 per cent are more than 18 years long. Compared with major fruit‐exporting countries, the trade spell distribution of China's fresh fruit exports lacks advantages. The hazard rate can reach 0.41 in the first year of export and is negatively duration dependent. The implementation of NTMs by importing countries has significantly increased the hazard rate. The positive effect of NTMs on the hazard rate is primarily driven by non‐technical measures. Notably, technical barriers to trade measures decrease the export hazard rate of China's fresh fruits with comparative advantages, because these measures focus on product quality. Meanwhile, non‐technical measures increase the export hazard rate of such fruits; this may be because of the possible shock on the relevant fruit industry in the destination market.

Non-destructive Prediction of Quality Parameters in Alphonso Mangoes Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy: A Comprehensive Study on Physicochemical Characteristics and Ripening Dynamics

This study focuses on the application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict key quality parameters in Alphonso mangoes, namely Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), pulp firmness, and carotenoid content. Alphonso mangoes, known as the "king of fruits," are a significant tropical fruit, with India being the leading global producer. Quality control is crucial for fruit export, and the mango supply chain involves various procedures. Physiological transformations occur in mangoes from production to consumption, affecting their internal quality. The challenges in assessing internal quality factors such as soluble solids, dry matter, firmness, starch, and sugar content hinder the exportation of mangoes. The ripening process in mangoes involves metabolic changes leading to modifications in physical, mechanical, and chemical attributes. Non-destructive identification of internal defects in Alphonso mangoes is an underexplored field, with limited research on internal quality factors. The study aims to enhance understanding of light penetration into fruit tissues using numerical simulation techniques. NIR spectroscopy's significance in post-harvest technology is highlighted, and the study develops prediction models for quality parameters using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. The calibration models are optimized with spectral pre-processing techniques, and the Savitzky–Golay first derivative method yields favorable results. The results indicate changes in TSS, carotenoid content, firmness, and acidity during storage, providing insights into mango ripening dynamics. The Unscrambler software is employed for multivariate analysis, emphasizing the importance of the 600–1000 nm wavelength range. The study contributes to the development of portable instruments for rapid and accurate quality prediction of Alphonso mangoes in the supply chain.

Analysis of Farmers' Knowledge Level of Off Season Cultivation Technology, Harvesting Techniques, Post Harvest Handling and Quality of Gedong Gincu Mango Fruits for the Export Market

Gedong gincu mango is a food commodity that has good added value with relatively high demand in various markets. Thus, production availability and quality standards can be realized by implementing off season gedong gincu mango cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest techniques that can minimize the level of losses due to improper handling. This research aims to determine the level of farmers' knowledge regarding off season cultivation, harvest techniques, post-harvest handling and fruit quality for the export market. The research was conducted in Sedong District with the consideration that this area is the highest mango production center in Cirebon Regency. The research is planned to be carried out in January 2024. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with survey research techniques. The sample in this study was 54 gedong gincu mango farmers. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive statistics with score weighting between 1 and 5. The results of the analysis showed that the level of knowledge of farmers in off season cultivation was 84.86%, harvest techniques were 82.90% and post-harvest handling was 82.04%. so it is classified as very knowledgeable, while farmers' knowledge of the quality of export fruit is 79.77%, so it is classified as knowledgeable.