Explosive Welding Research Articles

Особенности границы соединения биметалла латунь—инвар, полученного сваркой взрывом

he structure, morphology, microhardness and ultimate detachment strength of a welded joint «brass L63—invar 36N» made by the explosion welding have been investigated. With the selected welding parameters and plate thickness (brass — 12 mm, invar — 8 mm), the shape of the joint boundary is wavy with stable parameters (amplitude and length). Cast inclusions of the composition CuZnFeNi with microhardness up to 500 HV were found in the troughs and on the crests of the waves. It was found out that microhardness of the heat-affected zone on the side of brass was by 50% higher than microhardness of the base material, on the side of invar — by 20% higher. Ultimate detachment strength of the joint is 550 MPa, that is higher than strength of the starting materials.

Parametric optimization of explosive welding process on nickel-titanium alloys

In present situation, high metal joint rate is difficult using welding process. It is overcome and replaced by an explosive welding process. In this welding process, interface plastic deformation and metallurgical bond is produced without damage the work materials. The objective of the work is to join the two materials namely as nickel and titanium effectively through an explosive welding process. The outcome of the welding strength is optimized through taguchi approach with respect to the input factors. The contribution of each factor with respect to the input factor has been found through variance analysis.

Analysis of the fatigue life of metal composites with a layer of zirconium alloy

Methods of joining dissimilar materials gain interest and attention of highly demanding branches of modern engineering. Acquiring high-quality bond between steel and titanium or zirconium alloys is perceived as especially advantageous in terms of high strength and corrosion resistance. In the present paper results of fatigue tests performed on five different metal composites produced in the process of explosive welding has been gathered. All tested materials were manufactured by a collision of zirconium flyer plates with base plates made of steel or steel-titanium bimetal. Fatigue tests have been conducted under uniaxial force-controlled tension-compression conditions with a constant amplitude of load applied parallelly to bonding interface. The analysis includes the residual stresses measured by the hole-drilling strain gauge method in the flyer plates and the applied stresses calculated by three different models. A description of the initiation and propagation of cracks developing within the joint during cyclically changing loading is also included. Based on the collected data, application conclusions were formulated regarding the optimal use of the tested materials.

Evaluation of Heat Transfer Performance of Double-tube Heat Exchangers with Uniporous Structure Fabricated by Explosive Welding Technique

Evaluation of Heat Transfer Performance of Double-tube Heat Exchangers with Uniporous Structure Fabricated by Explosive Welding Technique

Effect of Impact Loading and Heat Treatment on Microstructure And Properties of Multi-Layered Az31/Aa1050 Plates Fabricated by Single-Shot Explosive Welding

Effect of Impact Loading and Heat Treatment on Microstructure And Properties of Multi-Layered Az31/Aa1050 Plates Fabricated by Single-Shot Explosive Welding

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДУГОВОЙ СВАРКИ СЛОИСТОГО КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

The paper shows the demand of the chemical industry for corrosion-resistant materials, as well as the prospects of the creation of laminated metal materials with internal protectors (LMM with IP). The authors offer the architecture and composition of layers of LMM with IP ensuring stable operation within the highly aggressive environment. The study identified the possibility of improving corrosion resistance ten and more times compared to high-alloy austenitic stainless steels. The authors show the efficiency of the application of explosion welding to produce LMM with IP. The paper considers the example of the production of a four-layer material with one internal protector made of low-alloyed, low-carbon steel of the following architecture: 2-mm layers of 12H18N10T + 09G2S + 12H18N10T plates of steel and the base 10-mm layer of 09G2S. The authors developed the process diagrams for performing butt-welded joints of such material, identified special aspects of the formation of its microstructure and properties. To obtain the maps of specific chemical elements distribution in the layers and interlayer boundaries, the authors used the energy-dispersive microanalysis method. Peculiarities of corrosion damage of a welded seam and weld-adjacent area are studied. The study showed the necessity of using a facing layer in a welded seam. Microstructural, X-ray tomographic, and gravity-measuring studies proved the obtained results. To evaluate the quality of welded joint, the authors performed the corrosion tests of a welded seam and weld-adjacent area, carried out visual inspection control and X-ray tomography. The corrosion tests were carried out using 10-% III ferrous chloride water solution. The paper presents the results of the static bending tests of a welded joint. The absence of fracture, lamination, and cracks served as an estimation criterion. The study identified the possibility of obtaining a defect-free welded joint of LMM with IP with high corrosion resistance and advanced mechanical properties.

Preparation of ceramic-intermetallics-metal three layered clad by novel hot explosive welding

Preparation of ceramic-intermetallics-metal three layered clad by novel hot explosive welding

Research of stress distribution in the cross-section of a bimetallic perforated plate perpendicularly loaded with concentrated force

The paper presents the stress distribution along the plate thickness in a bimetallic steel – titanium circular, axially symmetrical perforated plate produced in the technological process of explosion welding. The steel layer is the layer that transfers the load in the plate, while the titanium layer is used to improve the properties of the plate, e.g. corrosion resistance, thermal transmittance, etc. in the plate. Two cases of fastening were considered, i.e. a freely supported and fixed plate. Such plates are used in various engineering structures, e.g. simply supported plates can be used in loose material screens, while plates are fixed in heat exchangers. The load was assumed as a concentrated force applied perpendicularly to the plate surface. The results obtained numerically using the finite element method were compared with the results calculated according to the analytical equations. It has been shown that the difference in the results of equivalent von Mises stress calculations does not exceed 13%. The research results presented in the paper can be used by engineers to design bimetallic perforated plates perpendicularly loaded to their surface.

Experimental analysis of the state of stress in a steel – titanium perforated plate loaded with concentrated force

The paper presents an experimental analysis of the state of stress, free supported on the edge of a steel – titanium circular perforated plate loaded with a centrally concentrated force, created in the technological process of explosion welding. For this purpose, a special test stand was designed and a methodology for testing the perforated plate was developed. Resistance strain gauges were used to measure the state of strain. The load was applied in the center of the plate to a pressure stamp. As a result of the research, the values of radial, circumferential and equivalent von Mises stress were obtained as a function of the radius of the plate perforation circle and its load. The stress distribution topography revealed the zones of maximum stress of the steel – titanium perforated plate. The proposed method of experimental research can be used by engineers to verify the state of stress, e.g. in the designed tube sheet walls of reactors for ammonia synthesis.

Interfacial Microstructure of FeCoNiCrAl0.1 High Entropy Alloy and Pure Copper Prepared by Explosive Welding

The FeCoNiCrAl0.1 high entropy alloys (HEAs) and pure copper (Cu) composite plates were successfully fabricated by the explosive welding technique using two different gap distances. The interfacial microstructure, elemental distribution, grain structure of vortex zone and hardness were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), nanoindentation and micro-hardness tester. The explosive weldability window was calculated to verify the weldability of HEAs and Cu. The results indicated that the Cu/HEA composites presented typical wavy structures without visible defects and have an excellent bonding quality. The elements mixed and formed intermetallic compounds at the vortex zones. The grains near the vortex zones showed strong deformation, and phase transformation occurred. Compared with the matrix metals, the hardness of Cu and HEAs increased near the welding interface and sharply increased to 375 HV near the vortex zone.

COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH SELF-SHARPENING EFFECT OBTAINED BY EXPLOSION WELDING

The analysis of the state of the art of obtaining wear-resistant cutting tools. The expediency of manufacturing a composite cutting tool by explosion welding is shown. The analysis of the microstructure and properties of the composite material after explosion welding and subsequent annealing is presented.

TWO-LAYER STEEL FOR CRITICAL METAL STRUCTURES

The paper discusses main methods for obtaining and application of large-sized bimetal: batch rolling, electric arc welding, electroslag surfacing with subsequent rolling, explosion welding. Test results of double-layer steels sheets and experience in bimetal production prove this technology availability for critical metal structures in petrochemical and nuclear engineering or shipbuilding. The universality of the industrial explosion welding allows production of wide range bimetal compounds of 100% integrity both for a single sheet and large-tonnage lots (several hundred tons) and practically unlimited sizes. The features of heat treatment for various bimetals after explosion welding are presented.

EXPLOSIVE WELDING OF HEAT RESISTANT ALLOYS BASED ON REFRACTORY METALS WITH HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

In this work, the parameters of explosive welding of plates and pipes from heat resistant alloys with high-strength steel were established. It was found that to ensure strong adhesion, it is necessary to increase the kinetic energy of a flayer plate made of a heat-resistant alloy several times in comparison with the explosion welding of steel sheets. Metallographic studies have shown that at similar modes of explosion welding in cylindrical products, the number of cast inclusions is significantly increased compared to sheets up to the appearance of a continuous layer at the weld interface. Mechanical tests have confirmed the quality of the joint. This material is promising for work in structures experiencing thermal and erosive effects.

EXPERIENCE IN PRODUCTION OF LARGE-SIZE TITANIUM-STEEL BIMETAL FOR PIPE BOARDS OF NPP

The main provisions of modern technology for the production of bimetallic sheets for the manufacture of pipe boards for nuclear power plant condensers and nuclear icebreaker condensers are described. High quality in connection continuity and strength is provided by explosion welding in argon medium. The results of testing the properties of 216 bimetallic steel-titanium sheets are presented.

Characterization of the Microstructure and Bonding Properties of Zirconium-Carbon Steel Clad Materials by Explosive Welding.

An investigation was carried out to characterize the microstructure and bonding properties of the zirconium-carbon steel explosive clad. The microstructure and the composition of the clad were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Bonding properties were inspected by using bending and shearing tests. The examination results indicate that the R60702 and Cr70 plates were joined successfully without visible defects. The interface wave is symmetrical. There is no element diffusion across the interface of the clad plate. There are melt blocks at the interface. Bending and shearing test results indicate that the bonding properties of the clad meet the requirements of the ASTM B898 specification. And after shell rolling, no delamination appeared at the interface. Thus, it indicates that the clad plates have good bonding quality and meet the processing requirement.

COMBINED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ARMORED STEEL

Foreign and domestic experience has shown the prospects of using heterogeneous multilayer armor instead of homogeneous. Studies have shown that the method of explosion welding for low-plastic and high-strength steels has limitations on the thickness of the thrown plate of 10-12 mm, which allows us to recommend it for the production of multilayer composite armor. The combined technology (explosion welding + hot batch rolling) provides a three-layer armor plate with an intermediate layer of plastic steel with high strength properties and a defect-free joint structure. The introduction of layers of plastic metals into the composition of multi-layer armor makes it possible to increase the armor resistance. The combined technology can be recommended for the production of wear-resistant and armored bimetal.

STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF INTERLAYER BOUNDARIES LAYERED METAL MATERIAL IN EXPLOSION WELDING

The paper presents the results of studies of interlayer boundaries of laminated metal materials with an inner protector during explosion welding. The calculation of the optimal parameters of explosion welding and their influence on wave formation in the interlayer boundaries is carried out. The structure formation of the transition zone of the interlayer boundary has been studied.

HIGH-DAMPING STATE IN STRUCTURAL BIMETALS OBTAINED BY EXPLOSION WELDING

Structural bimetallic materials consisting from high-strength steel (grade: 30HGSA) and binary (or alloyed) high-damping Mn-Cu alloys have been studied in the present research. Formation of the high-damping state in laminated materials obtained by explosion welding has been discussed. It is shown that the combination of high damping properties and high strength in the developed bimetallic materials provides an opportunity for practical application of high-damping bimetals in industry.

PRODUCTION BY EXPLOSION WELDING OF SEAMLESS PIPES MADE OF LAYERED METAL MATERIALS INCREASED CORROSION RESISTANCE

The paper presents schemes for producing seamless pipes made of multilayer metal material with an internal protector using explosion welding technology. The developed scheme of explosion welding to the original liners for later they rolled into a seamless tube. The features of creating permanent joints from these materials using arc welding methods are indicated.

REGULARITIES OF CREATION OF LAYERED METAL CORROSION-RESISTANT MATERIALS WITH INTERNAL PROTECTOR

In this article regularities of the creation of laminated metal corrosion-resistant materials with an internal protector obtained by explosion welding are considered. For the first time, a laminated material is considered as a technical system. A systematic approach was used to construct the configuration of layered materials. The functions of individual elements are identified, the nature of the connections is established, and the complexity of the system is assessed. Corrosion tests were carried out, indicators of corrosion resistance were calculated by varying the number of protected and protective layers in comparison with monometallic material. An assessment of the economic efficiency of using laminated metal corrosion-resistant materials with an internal protector is carried out in comparison with monometallic and bimetallic materials.