Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach Research Articles

Evaluation of the "Manggatang Utus" Village Movement Innovation Program in the Education Sector in Murung Raya Regency

Gerbang Desamu which is stand for “Gerakan Membangun Desa Manggatang Utus” is a policy innovation for the strategy program for accelerating village (kelurahan) development in Murung Raya District. The regional policy innovation at Gerbang Desamu is a grassroots innovation that holds the local wisdom values of the Huma Betang of the Dayak Tribes. The Gerbang Desamu Movement aims to accelerate the development of villages/kelurahans in Murung Raya Regency, especially in alleviating stupidity. This study aims to determine policy performance, policy efficiency, and local wisdom values in the policy innovations of the Gerbang Desamu program. This research focuses on exploring the production of knowledge and information on the innovative practices of Gerakan Desamu at the empirical and practical levels. This study is a mixed method research with a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach. The study results show that the performance of the Gerbang Desamu program has not been optimal. In terms of accessibility and reach to the broader community. This can be seen from the level of public understanding regarding the Gerbang Desamu policy innovation which is not evenly achieved. However, as a program, Gerbang Desamu is quite effective in achieving the program's objectives. Achievement of program objectives in the form of increasing the accessibility of community education, especially for children from underprivileged families. In addition, the internalization of local wisdom values in the Gerbang Desamu policy innovation is a unique success to be achieved in grassroots policy innovation. The values of togetherness, honesty, equality, and tolerance are local wisdom values that underlie grassroots policy innovations in the Gerbang Desamu program.

A Better Life: Factors that Help and Hinder Entry and Retention in MAT from the Perspective of People in Recovery.

Opioid addiction and opioid-related overdoses and deaths are serious public health problems nationally and in West Virginia, in particular. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an effective yet underutilized treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Research examining factors that help individuals succeed in MAT has been conducted from provider and program perspectives, but little research has been conducted from the perspective of those in recovery. This study, co-developed with individuals in recovery, took place in West Virginia-based MAT programs using an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach. The survey was open February through August 2021. Data were analyzed late 2021 through mid 2022. Respondents experienced many barriers to MAT entry and retention, including community bias / stigma, lack of affordable programming, and lack of transportation. Respondents sought MAT primarily for personal reasons, such as being tired of being sick, and tired of having to look for drugs every day. As one respondent shared, " I wanted to better my life, to get it under control." Programs and policies should make it easy for individuals to enter treatment when ready, through affordable and accessible treatment options, reduced barriers to medications, focused outreach and education, individualized care, and reduced stigmatization.

Africa’s Fledgling Democratization Process Once More at the Crossroads: Continental Security and International Relations Implications

Africa has had a chequered constitutional history, and current happenings have further dented the continent’s democratic credentials as the military are forcefully terminating fledgling democracies. The consequences have been anything but damming, regarding the socio-politico-economic development of such countries and adjoining neighboring countries. Moreover, under the circumstances, continental security is once more under threat with dire international relations implications for countries that involve in constitutional interruptions. This work investigates the factors that account for the current upsurge of Coup D’états in some African countries and their impact on continental security. The study adopts a sequential exploratory mixed method approach involving 30 participants (qualitative) in Ghana and 433 respondents (quantitative) across the continent of Africa administered through goggle. The findings on the main showed that, bad governance among a mirage of factors such as economic challenges, have often precipitated violent coups in Africa. The paper argues that coups can be averted when constitutional leaders practice good governance and adhere to human rights, inter alia . Keywords: Africa, Continental Security, Crossroads, Fledgling Democracy, and international relations implication DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/98-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Analysis of Casual Relationships between Social Determinants of Health in Iran: Using Fuzzy Cognitive Map.

Health is a fundamental issue in recent years, highlighting the importance of harmonizing the policies of any sector with health strategies. The present study aims to identify the socio-economic factors affecting health and to provide a cognitive map of the social determinants of health in Iran. A retrospective cohort study. This study follows a developmental process with an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach. First, a meta-synthesis qualitative method determines the most critical health determinants by reviewing 54 studies from 2000 to 2019. Then, the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is drawn based on interviews with six experts to derive the causal relationships among the social determinants of population health in Iran. Stage 1 introduces 170 factors as the health determinants, classified into four levels: individual, local, national, and global levels, with 7, 4, 13, and 3 branches, respectively. According to the causal relationships and the out-degree (od) index, the most effective factors are the economic system (18.24), governance and policy-making (17.13), and national policies (16.93). According to the degree of centrality, these factors are the economic system (33.27), health system (30.37), and governance and policy-making (30.15). Considering health as a complex and comprehensive system, the resulting FCM displays that the policies developed in other sectors than health are profoundly affecting population's health in Iran. Specifically, the comparative analysis of this research shows that policies regarding the economic system and people's livelihood are more effective than the policies regarding the health system itself on the population's health in Iran.

Perceptions of ESL Teachers from Tamil Vernacular Type Schools (SJKT) About Online Teaching and Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of ESL teachers in Tamil vernacular schools about online teaching and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. While there are studies on teachers’ perceptions during Covid-19, less is known about ESL Tamil vernacular type schoolteachers’ perceptions on teaching and learning during the Covid pandemic, where Tamil is the medium of instruction, with the Malay Language as the second language and English as the third language. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 ESL teachers from different Tamil vernacular schools in the Johor Bahru region. Using an explanatory sequential mixed method approach to collect the data, in the first phase, a close-ended questionnaire was used as a quantitative instrument. As for the second phase, an open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. GNU PSPP software was used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was analysed through descriptive content analysis. The findings of the study showed the perceptions of ESL teachers about online teaching and learning, such as online teaching and learning tools, skills needed to conduct online teaching, challenges in online teaching and learning as well as positive aspects of online teaching and learning. The findings show that the challenges the teachers faced during online teaching outweighs the positive aspects stated. This calls for more research about vernacular-type schools. The findings can be a reminder for the school management to provide more training for teachers on how to help students be more interactive, motivated and be less inhibited during online teaching and learning.

ANALISIS KENDALA GURU DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI SDN 48 CAKRANEGARA

This study aims to identify teacher constraints in online learning planningt, the subjects in this study were all 16 teachers or educators at SDN 48 Cakranegara. This research uses a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach. Sources of data to be used include primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained by researchers directly through a questionnaire (questionnaire) and interviews. Sources of secondary data obtained through the results of a literature study. The results showed that there were two obstacles faced by teachers at SDN 48 Cakranegara Mataram City in planning bold lessons with the percentage of results 76. 25% and 77.50% being the lowest scores. The obstacles faced by teachers at SDN 48 Cakranegara Mataram City in planning bold learning are the lack of knowledge and understanding of teachers regarding bold RPP and lack of initiative and creativity as well as teacher activity in developing interesting learning methods independently. As a teaching and learning method that has just been applied online learning or distance learning , of course as a teacher or educator it is expected to increase understanding and abilities related to online learning and add insight into technology and the internet, in order to optimize teacing and learning activities, especially online learning
 Keywords: Teacher Constraints, Lesson Planning, Online learning

UNDERSTANDING THE ADOPTION OF A MOBILE APPLICATION TO SUPPORT WORKFLOW OF HEALTHCARE AIDES

Abstract Healthcare aides are unlicensed support personnel who provide direct care, personal assistance and support to persons living with health conditions. Workflow issues have a negative impact on health care aides’ job satisfaction and quality of care. The implementation of information communication technologies could improve workflow. In collaboration with an industry partner, we developed a mobile application intended to support the workflow of health care aides who provide services to long-term care residents living with dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technology acceptance and usability of a mobile application in a real-world environment when used by health care aides of a care facility. We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach. Our study included pre and post paper-based questionnaires with no control group (n=60). This was followed by two focus groups with a subsample of health care aides informed by qualitative description (n=12). We found: (a) acceptance of the mobile application was high; (b) usefulness was the strongest predictor of intention to use the mobile application, and (c) intention to use the mobile application predicted usage behaviour. Focus group findings supported the quantitative findings and highlighted participants’ strong belief that the mobile application was useful, portable, and reliable. An area for improvement was user interface adjustments. Overall, these results support the assertion that our mobile application assisted health care aides in addressing their workflow issues and thus, has potential to improve the quality of care provided.

Regulations governing student internship programme in Ghana: A sequential explanatory multi-stakeholder approach

This paper seeks to ascertain the regulations governing student internship programme in Ghana. The sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was utilised. Two separate structured questionnaires were administered to students and senior members (lecturers and administrators) of six selected technical universities (TUs); whereas members of industry, executives of business associations and government regulatory bodies in the tertiary sector of Ghana’s education system were interviewed, using an interview guide. This paper found that no clear legal and regulatory framework govern student internship in Ghana. Specifically, there was no Industrial Training Fund Act in Ghana that promoted and encouraged the acquisition of skills in industry and commerce. Industries were not obliged to accept students for internship. Travel to and from work by interns were not covered by insurance. Students on internship were not covered by the host company’s collective bargaining agreement. There was no well-defined enforceable law requiring TUs to secure internship placement for students, although, some regulatory bodies insisted that TUs showed evidence of their ability to secure placements for their students for industrial training before awarding programme accreditation. There were no penalties levelled TUs who failed to secure internship placements. Interns were largely not covered by any special health insurance package by employers during in cases of injury, theft or death. This paper synchronises the perspectives of multiple actors on the regulations governing student internship programme, presenting useful suggestions which provides information to government, business associations, employers, and TUs for policy planning, formulation and implementation of student internship in Ghana.

Traditional Beliefs, Practices, and Migration: A Risk to Malaria Transmission in Rural Nepal

The study aimed to explore sociocultural factors influencing the risk of malaria and practices and beliefs towards malaria prevention, transmission and treatment in a remote village in Khatyad Rural Municipality (KRM) of Nepal. A sequential exploratory mixed methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected through 25 one-on-one, in-depth interviews followed by a face-to-face household survey (n = 218) among people from a village in KRM believed to have a high risk of malaria. Traditional practices such as Chhaupadi requiring the seclusion of women during menstruation and post-partum, transhumance, and reliance on traditional healers for the management of malaria were common practices in the village. The household survey found 98.1% of women faced menstrual exile either inside the house or in a separate hut, with 64.2% not having access to Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). Hardships and economic constraints compelled villagers to migrate seasonally for work to malaria-endemic areas in India, thereby exposing themselves to the risk of malaria. Persistent traditional beliefs and seasonal migration could threaten the elimination goals set by the national malaria program.

Developing evidence-based resources for evaluating postgraduate trainees in the biomedical sciences.

Postgraduate trainees elevate the academic strength of institutions by conducting research, promoting innovation, securing grant funding, training undergraduate students, and building alliances. Rigorous and systematic program evaluation can help ensure that postgraduate training programs are achieving the program's intended outcomes. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based evaluation tools that could be shared across federally funded biomedical training programs to enhance program evaluation capacity. This manuscript describes the evidence-based process used to determine program evaluation needs of these programs at a research-intensive university. Using a multi-phased sequential exploratory mixed methods approach, data were collected from trainees, employers, leaders, and program directors. Data analyses included document analysis of program plans, inductive coding of focus groups and interviews, and descriptive analysis of surveys. Two overarching categories-Trainee Skills and Program Characteristics-were identified including six themes each. Program directors prioritized communication, social and behavioral skills, and collaboration as the trainee skills that they needed the most help evaluating. Furthermore, program directors prioritized the following program characteristics as those that they needed the most help evaluating: training environment, trainee outcomes, and opportunities offered. Surveys, interview scripts, and related resources for the categories and themes were developed and curated on a publicly available website for program directors to use in their program evaluations.

Mâmawihitowin (bringing the camps together): Perinatal healthcare provider and staff participation in an Indigenous-led experiential intervention for enhancing culturally informed care—a mixed methods study

BackgroundIn partnership with a Nehiyawak (Plains Cree) community of Maskwacîs,central Alberta (Canada), we implemented an Indigenous-led intervention to provide experiential learning opportunities for perinatal health care providers (HCPs) and staff. Our objective was to capture the impact of participating in cultural safety learning opportunities on perceived self-awareness for HCPs and staff to provide enhanced culturally informed care.MethodsPerinatal HCPs and staff who work regularly with Indigenous women from our partnering community took part in a series of experiential learning activities designed by a Community Advisory Committee. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach informed by community-based participatory research. We compared Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and Maskwacîs-Specific Cultural Scale (MSCS) scores pre- and post-intervention using non-parametrical statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Post-intervention, we conducted a qualitative description study using semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 17 participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Responses indicated a shift in perceived cultural and community knowledge and comfort levels, with positive gains in overall mean scores for both the CQS (p = 0.01) and MSCS (p = 0.01). Nine participants completed qualitative interviews. Overall, participants felt better equipped to provide more culturally informed care to their patients post-intervention.ConclusionAn Indigenous-led experiential learning intervention was effective in enhancing overall perceived cultural awareness and preparedness to provide culturally informed care for perinatal HCPs and staff. This study provides evidence for fostering relationships between Indigenous communities and health systems toward enhanced perinatal care.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment (ESCAPE) digitalized intervention to promote lung health in high-risk individuals who smoke

Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective screening test to decrease lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening may be a teachable moment helping people who smoke to quit, which may result in increased benefit of screening. Innovative strategies are needed to engage high-risk individuals in learning about LDCT screening. More precise methods such as polygenic risk scores quantify genetic predisposition to tobacco use, and optimize lung health interventions. We present the ESCAPE (Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment) protocol. This study will test a smoking cessation intervention using personal stories and a lung cancer screening decision-aide compared to standard care (brief advice, referral to a quit line, and a lung cancer screening decision-aide), examine the relationship between a polygenic risk score and smoking abstinence, and describe perceptions about integration of genomic information into smoking cessation treatment. A randomized controlled trial followed by a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach will compare the efficacy of the interventions. Interviews will add insight into the use of genomic information and risk perceptions to tailor smoking cessation treatment. Two-hundred and fifty individuals will be recruited from primary care, community-based organizations, mailing lists and through social media. Data will be collected at baseline, 1, 3 and 6-months. The primary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and stage of lung cancer screening at 6-months. The results from this study will provide information to refine the ESCAPE intervention and facilitate integration of precision health into future lung health interventions.Clinical trial registration number: NCT0469129T.

Mixed-methods evaluation of Daily Moves, a community-based physical activity program for older adults

BackgroundAlthough the health benefits of physical activity are well documented, most older adults are not sufficiently active. There is a need to explore approaches to physical activity promotion amongst older adults that meet the personal preferences and needs of participants, and that can be implemented on a large scale in community-based settings. The current study evaluates Daily Moves, a community-based physical activity program for older adults living in Adelaide, Australia. MethodsThe Daily Moves program, which ran almost entirely during the COVID-19 pandemic, provided participants with personalized plans and information about suitable physical activity promoting activities available in their local area. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach to evaluate associations between participation in the Daily Moves program and physical activity engagement, physical function and psychosocial wellbeing, and to explore the experiences of Daily Moves participants through qualitative interviews, with a particular focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on program participation and enjoyment.ResultsThe research evaluation included 69 older adults (mean age at baseline = 73.9 ± 5.6 years; 19 male). Following Daily Moves, participants reported an increase in self-report physical activity levels (mean increase = 1.8 days, p < 0.001), improvements on several measures of physical function (left grip strength (mean increase = 1.8 kg, p < 0.001); right grip strength (mean increase = 1.3 kg, p = 0.03); Timed Up and Go (mean decrease = 1.3 s, p < 0.001)), and no significant changes in measures of psychosocial wellbeing. Qualitative interviews revealed that participants valued the supportive and flexible nature of Daily Moves, and that they felt connected with staff and other participants despite the onset of the pandemic.ConclusionsThis evaluation demonstrates that physical activity programs embedded within the community can provide flexible and tailored recommendations to participants, and that this approach can promote positive change in important indicators of health in older adults.

Regulations Governing Student Internship Programme in Ghana: A Sequential Explanatory Multi-Stakeholder Approach

Purpose: This paper seeks to ascertain the regulations governing students’ internship programmes in Selected Technical Universities in Ghana.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: The sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was utilised. Two separate structured questionnaires were administered to 481 students and 299 senior members (lecturers and administrators) of six selected technical universities (TUs); whereas members of industry, executives of business associations and government regulatory bodies in the tertiary sector of Ghana’s education system were interviewed, using an interview guide. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Constant Comparative Analysis.&#x0D; Findings: There was no well-defined enforceable law requiring TUs to secure internship placement for students, although, some regulatory bodies insisted that TUs showed evidence of their ability to secure placements for their students for industrial training before awarding programme accreditation.&#x0D; Research Limitation/Implication: The study focuses on regulations governing student internship programmes in Ghana. The study concentrated on selected Technical Universities in Ghana.&#x0D; Practical Implication: The knowledge advanced in this study underscores the need for proper synergy between Technical Universities regarding regulation governing student internship which should be spearheaded by the government of Ghana through the Ministry of Education, Ghana Tertiary Education Commission acting as a facilitator, creating interfaces and providing funding and incentives.&#x0D; Social Implication: The Government of Ghana can allow companies some tax exemptions or make the environment business-friendly for companies so that they can expand their operation to accept more interns.&#x0D; Originality/Value: This paper synchronises the perspectives of multiple actors on the regulations governing student internship programmes.&#x0D;

Exploring perceptual learning-style preferences of English language non-gainers in computerized dynamic reading assessment

This study presents the results of a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach to investigate the Iranian English language non-gainers of a computerized dynamic reading comprehension test (CDRT) by utilizing a learning style survey. Using an interventionist approach, the researchers used the CDRT software to explore English learners’ perceptual learning-style preferences of non-gainers in CDRT. The study participants were selected from among 24 advanced English language learners attending a reading course at a language institute in Iran. The results of Learning Potential Score (LPS) formula categorized six of the participants as non-gainers of CDRT. They were asked to fill out a learning style survey individually and participate in an interview to express their attitudes toward using the software. The findings revealed some common tendencies regarding field-independency, impulsivity/reflectivity, and metaphoric/literal style preferences supported in learners’ interviews. In this study, learners’ style preferences potentially played an important role in reporting learners’ performance; therefore, it is suggested to consider students’ learning styles in making decisions about their abilities and disabilities in CDRT.

Recommendations for Medical Discharge Documentation and Academic Supports for University Students Recovering From Concussion.

This study sought to (1) collate the experiences of university students with concussion history and academic stakeholders through interviews and (2) develop concussion management recommendations for institutions of higher learning using a multidisciplinary Delphi procedure. Remote semistructured interviews and online surveys. The first aim of this study included undergraduate university students with concussion history who did not participate in varsity athletics ( n = 21; 57.1% female), as well as academic faculty/staff with experience assisting university students with their postconcussion academic needs ( n = 7; 71.4% female). The second aim enrolled 22 participants (54.5% female) to serve on the Delphi panel including 9 clinicians, 8 researchers, and 5 academic faculty/staff. An exploratory-sequential mixed-methods approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted to unveil barriers regarding the return-to-learn (RTL) process after concussion, with emergent themes serving as a general framework for the Delphi procedure. Panelists participated in 3 stages of a modified Delphi process beginning with a series of open-ended questions regarding postconcussion management in higher education. The second stage included anonymous ratings of the recommendations, followed by an opportunity to review and/or modify responses based on the group's consensus. The results from the semistructured interviews indicated students felt supported by their instructors; however, academic faculty/staff lacked information on appropriate academic supports and/or pathways to facilitate the RTL process. Of the original 67 statements, 39 achieved consensus (58.2%) upon cessation of the Delphi procedure across 3 main categories: recommendations for discharge documentation (21 statements), guidelines to facilitate a multidisciplinary RTL approach (10 statements), and processes to obtain academic supports for students who require them after concussion (8 statements). These findings serve as a basis for future policy in higher education to standardize RTL processes for students who may need academic supports following concussion.

The Use of Close Friends on Instagram, Help-Seeking Willingness, and Suicidality Among Hong Kong Youth: Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundSocial networking sites (SNSs) have gained popularity in recent years for help seeking and self-distress expression among adolescents. Although online suicidal expression is believed to have major benefits, various concerns have also been raised, particularly around privacy issues. Understanding youths’ help-seeking behavior on SNSs is critical for effective suicide prevention; however, most research neglects the impacts of the private SNS context.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine youths’ private SNS use via the new Instagram feature, Close Friends, and its association with both online and offline help-seeking willingness as well as youths’ suicidality.MethodsThis study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach with a combination of explorative qualitative interviews and a systematic quantitative survey, targeting youth aged 15-19 years in Hong Kong. The motivations for utilizing Close Friends and concerns regarding online expression were addressed in the focus group and individual interviews (n=40). A cross-sectional survey (n=1676) was conducted subsequently with eligible secondary school students to examine the prevalence of Close Friends usage, their online and offline help-seeking willingness, and suicide-related experiences.ResultsA total of 3 primary motives for using Close Friends were identified during interviews, including (1) interaction and help seeking, (2) release of negative emotions, and (3) ventilation and self-expression. Most participants also highlighted the privacy concerns associated with public online communication and the importance of contacting close friends for emotional support. Survey results showed that use of Close Friends was quite prevalent among adolescents (1163/1646, 70.66%), with around 46% (754/1646, 45.81%) of respondents being frequent users. Differences by gender and school academic banding were also revealed. Regarding help-seeking intentions, youths were generally positive about seeking help from peers and friends offline (1010/1266, 79.78%) yet negative about seeking assistance from online friends or professionals with whom they had not yet developed a real-world connection (173/1266, 13.67%). Most notably, frequencies of Close Friends usage were differentially associated with online and offline help-seeking willingness and youths’ suicidality. Compared with nonusers, those who had ever used the feature were more likely to seek offline support (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 1.82-2.36), whereas heavy use of Close Friends was associated with increased odds of online help-seeking willingness (AOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.06-2.93) and a higher risk of suicidality (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01-2.31).ConclusionsThe popularity of Close Friends reflects the increasing need for private online expression among youth. This study demonstrates the importance of Close Friends for self-expression and private conversation and inadequacy of peer support for suicidal adolescents. Further research is needed to identify the causal relationship between Close Friends usage and help-seeking willingness to guide the advancement of suicide prevention strategies. Researchers and social media platforms may cooperate to co-design a risk monitoring system tailored to the private SNS context, assisting professionals in identifying youth at risk of suicide.

Investigating the leadership styles and national culture of Emirati female school principals

With the growing expectations from the field of education, increases the importance of effective school leadership. The school proves its effectiveness depending on various factors; the principal's leadership style is the main one. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the female gender and national culture dimensions on the leadership styles of Emirati female school principals, as educational leaders, and the relationships that exist among the different variables. Explanatory sequential mixed method approach was used in two phases for this study. In the first phase, the quantitative data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (5X-short) survey and the cultural dimensions survey. In the second phase, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews and qualitative observations. The findings of the study indicated that Emirati female leaders tend to be more transformational in their leadership styles while they still practice transactional leadership to a certain degree. They were found to be more “androgynous” carrying the qualities of both male and female leaders. In addition, the leadership styles and their elements proved to have a significant relationship to national culture dimensions except for management by exception (active). Future research should include a larger sample size and the perspectives of the followers as well. It is important to conduct the study in different organizational contexts not only in schools to confirm the finding that women use “androgynous” style in the United Arab Emirate and beyond.

Impacts of tourism on residents: an analysis of the integrated threat theory

ABSTRACT This paper applies the Integrated Threat Theory as a framework for an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach to examine the impacts of tourism on Seychelles’ residents. In-depth interviews of 28 informants revealed residents’ perceptions of tourism’s negative impacts. Findings were combined with factors from previous studies in a quantitative survey of 281 respondents for a more comprehensive view. Results revealed that residents perceived restricted access to beaches near hotels, the strain on public infrastructure, economic leakages, and unfavourable employment prospects (vis-a-vis expatriate staffers) as unsavoury aspects of tourism. These impacts notwithstanding, Seychellois remain positively disposed to tourism and hold favourable attitudes towards tourists. Thus, while realistic and symbolic threats were confirmed, they did not translate into intergroup anxiety and negative stereotypes.

“We need to protect each other”: COVID-19 vaccination intentions and concerns among Racialized minority and Indigenous Peoples in Canada

People may choose to receive vaccines in response to pressures that outweigh any concerns that they have. We explored Racialized minority and Indigenous Peoples' motivations for, perceptions of choice in, and concerns about, COVID-19 vaccination. We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, including a national survey administered around the time vaccines were first authorized (Dec 2020) followed by qualitative interviews when vaccines were becoming more readily available to adults (May–June 2021). We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics and interviews using critical feminist methodologies.Survey respondents self-identified as a Racialized minority (n = 1488) or Indigenous (n = 342), of which 71.4% and 64.6%, respectively, intended to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Quantitative results indicated perceptions of COVID-19 disease were associated with vaccination intention. For instance, intention was associated with agreement that COVID-19 disease is severe, risk of becoming sick is great, COVID-19 vaccination is necessary, and vaccines available in Canada will be safe (p < 0.001). COVID-19 vaccines were in short supply in Canada when we subsequently completed qualitative interviews with a subset of Racialized minority (n = 17) and Indigenous (n = 10) survey respondents. We coded interview transcripts around three emergent themes relating to governmentality and cultural approaches to intersectional risk theories: feelings of collective responsibility, choice as privilege, and remaining uncertainties about COVID-19 vaccines. For example, some mentioned the responsibility and privilege to receive a vaccine earlier than those living outside of Canada. Some felt constraints on their freedom to choose to receive or refuse a vaccine from intersecting oppressions or their health status. Although all participants intended to get vaccinated, many mentioned uncertainties about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination. Survey respondents and interview participants demonstrated nuanced associations of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy shaped by perspectives of vaccine-related risks, symbolic associations of vaccines with hope, and intersecting social privileges and inequities (including racialization).