Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach Research Articles

Psychological antecedents of electric vehicle adoption in the West Bank

ABSTRACT The global electric vehicle (EV) market overgrew in the previous decade. This paper investigates the factors affecting EV purchase intention in the West Bank, Palestine. This study adopts the exploratory sequential mixed methods approach by conducting unstructured interviews and questionnaires in a developing country context. We obtained 384 survey responses from EV owners and non-EV owners – this study used the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) tool for empirical analysis. The study results show that environmental concerns, subjective norms, cognitive status, incentive policies, and product perception significantly affect consumers’ intentions to purchase EVs in the West Bank. Environmental concerns indirectly correlate with consumers’ intentions to purchase EVs through attitudes as a mediator. However, perceived behavior control has no significant impact on purchasing intent. These results will help policymakers in improving transportation policies.

Walking the talk: a mixed-methods study investigating current opportunities for promoting health impact assessment practice

ABSTRACT Although Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been gaining momentum over the past decade, it is still a relatively small field of practice. Here we explore whether possible opportunities to promote the field of HIA can be translated into concrete actions. We pursued an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. In a first step, HIA practitioners’ ideas were collected across 18 semi-structured interviews. Building on these insights, a survey questionnaire was developed in a second step, and answers from 25 HIA practitioners were collected in a last step. We found that delivering awareness on HIA creates the most important opportunities. To exploit these opportunities, high potential was recognized in the strengths of HIA practice, namely in broader stakeholder engagement and showcasing HIA’s evidence-based approach. HIA practitioners are best positioned to initiate actions that promote their practice, but they also depend on various influential actors such as governments and the World Health Organization (WHO). Developing an open exchange platform allowing all HIA stakeholders to connect seems an urgent strategy to pursue for strengthening HIA’s popularity, appeal, and reach.

Evaluating Staff Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors Related to Cyber Security in Large Australian Health Care Environments: Mixed Methods Study.

Previous studies have identified that the effective management of cyber security in large health care environments is likely to be significantly impacted by human and social factors, as well as by technical controls. However, there have been limited attempts to confirm this by using measured and integrated studies to identify specific user motivations and behaviors that can be managed to achieve improved outcomes. This study aims to document and analyze survey and interview data from a diverse range of health care staff members, to determine the primary motivations and behaviors that influence their acceptance and application of cyber security messaging and controls. By identifying these issues, recommendations can be made to positively influence future cyber security governance in health care. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was undertaken to analyze quantitative data from a web-based staff survey (N=103), with a concurrent qualitative investigation applied to data gathered via in-depth staff interviews (N=9). Data from both stages of this methodology were mapped to descriptive variables based on a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM; TAM2). After normalization, the quantitative data were verified and analyzed using descriptive statistics, distribution and linearity measures, and a bivariate correlation of the TAM variables to identify the Pearson coefficient (r) and significance (P) values. Finally, after confirming Cronbach α, the determinant score for multicollinearity, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure, and applying the Bartlett test of sphericity (χ2), an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the primary factors with an eigenvalue (λ) >1.0. Comments captured during the qualitative interviews were coded using NVivo software (QSR International) to create an emic-to-etic understanding, which was subsequently integrated with the quantitative results to produce verified conclusions. Using the explanatory sequential methodology, this study showed that the perceived usefulness of security controls emerged as the most significant factor influencing staff beliefs and behaviors. This variable represented 24% of all the variances measured in the EFA and was also the most common category identified across all coded interviews (281/692, 40.6%). The word frequency analysis showed that systems, patients, and people represented the top 3 recurring themes reported by the interviewees. To improve cyber security governance in large health care environments, efforts should be focused on demonstrating how confidentiality, integrity, availability, policies, and cloud or vendor-based controls (the main contributors of usefulness measured by the EFA) can directly improve outcomes for systems, staff, and patients. Further consideration also needs to be given to how clinicians should share data and collaborate on patient care, with tools and processes provided to support and manage data sharing securely and to achieve a consistent baseline of secure and normalized behaviors.

Effect of online civic intervention and online disinhibition on online hate speech among digital media users

Given the numerous theoretical gaps in explanations regarding online hate speech and the insufficient level of empirical data to fully understand this phenomenon, this study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed-method approach through two phases; it employed a quantitative online questionnaire (n=2,242), followed by a qualitative online vignette interview (n=23) to contribute to the knowledge in the field. In particular, it aimed to investigate the moderating roles of online civic intervention (OCI), online disinhibition, and demographic variables in the relationship between online hate exposure\victimization and perpetration. Among the most interesting findings of this research was that the impact of toxic online disinhibition was a negative moderator in the relationship between online hate exposure and perpetration. Furthermore, the impact of high-threshold OCI was positive in this relationship. However, the impact of low-threshold OCI was positive in the relationship between online hate speech victimization and perpetration. Further justifications for OCI and new proposed types of online disinhibition have been suggested based on the findings.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future Workforce

This research examines the extent to which Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology could impact different advanced manufacturing (AM) workforce competencies and technicians’ readiness for AI. A sequential explanatory mixed-method approach is applied to understand what knowledge, skills, and abilities of the AM workforce could be replaced or augmented by AI technology, and how the skill profiles of available AM jobs could change in the presence of AI deployment. The first phase of the research applies natural language processing to examine the competency requirements inherent in AI patents and comparing them to the U.S. Department of Labor’s AM Job Competency Model. The second phase builds upon the findings of the first phase through the expert panel review conducted by the focus group interview. The study found that while there is not complete topical overlap between the AI patents and the AM Competency Model, they do reflect each other in some of the key areas such as data, device, information, and system. Also, AI technology has the potential to perform certain activities related to identify, process, and control. Moreover, AI technology functions overlap with a significant proportion of, academic competencies, workplace competencies, and industry competencies, with 76%, 70%, and 93% respectively. These results suggest that although AI has the potential to perform competencies in various AM domains, it does not necessarily imply the replacement of human workers. The integration of AI in these domains will require careful consideration of the roles of both AI and human workers to optimize process efficiency and quality.

Investigation of electricity distribution, shortages in the Gaza strip, and the role of renewable energy technologies for addressing the electricity crisis

This study examines the electricity crisis in the Gaza Strip and its impact on public well-being. Adopting a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 350 households and key institutions. The research assesses the current state of renewable power technologies applicable to the region and develops a performance matrix to identify the most suitable technology for providing clean and affordable electricity. The findings highlight solar energy as the most viable solution for addressing the electricity shortage in the Gaza Strip. Moreover, the study underscores the adverse effects of electricity shortages on vital services, including health, water, and sanitation, as well as the fragile economy. The research recommends strategic investments in solar energy as a reliable and cost-effective solution that is readily accessible to meet the energy needs of the Gaza Strip and Palestine at large. This study provides a valuable resource for national and international NGOs, offering insights into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the Gaza Strip's electricity sector.

Linking assessment to real life practice - comparing work based assessments and objective structured clinical examinations using mystery shopping.

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and Work Based Assessments (WBAs) are the mainstays of assessing clinical competency in health professions' education. Underpinned by the extrapolation inference in Kane's Validity Framework, the purpose of this study is to determine whether OSCEs translate to real life performance by comparing students' OSCE performance to their performance in real-life (as a WBA) using the same clinical scenario, and to understand factors that affect students' performance. A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach where a grade comparison between students' performance in their OSCE and WBA was performed. Students were third year pharmacy undergraduates on placement at a community pharmacy in 2022. The WBA was conducted by a simulated patient, unbeknownst to students and indistinguishable from a genuine patient, visiting the pharmacy asking for health advice. The simulated patient was referred to as a 'mystery shopper' and the process to 'mystery shopping' in this manuscript. Community pharmacy is an ideal setting for real-time observation and mystery shopping as staff can be accessed without appointment. The students' provision of care and clinical knowledge was assessed by the mystery shopper using the same clinical checklist the student was assessed from in the OSCE. Students who had the WBA conducted were then invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to discuss their experiences in both settings. Overall, 92 mystery shopper (WBA) visits with students were conducted and 36 follow-up interviews were completed. The median WBA score was 41.7% [IQR 28.3] and significantly lower compared to the OSCE score 80.9% [IQR 19.0] in all participants (p < 0.001). Interviews revealed students knew they did not perform as well in the WBA compared to their OSCE, but reflected that they still need OSCEs to prepare them to manage real-life patients. Many students related their performance to how they perceived their role in OSCEs versus WBAs, and that OSCEs allowed them more autonomy to manage the patient as opposed to an unfamiliar workplace. As suggested by the activity theory, the performance of the student can be driven by their motivation which differed in the two contexts.

Stakeholders’ design preferences for instructional gamification

ABSTRACT There is increasing interest in incorporating game design elements in workplace learning, known as instructional gamification. Despite initial positive indications, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of how organisational stakeholders play a role in implementing instructional gamification. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach to identify and understand stakeholders’ instructional gamification design preferences and how these preferences might impact their endorsement of instructional gamification. A survey of 231 individuals at a software company was conducted to gather data on stakeholders’ preferences for instructional gamification. This was followed by in-depth interviews with eight employees to further enhance the understanding of stakeholders’ instructional gamification design preferences. The quantitative findings revealed four interrelated factors concerning the instructional gamification design preferences of the three stakeholder groups. However, the qualitative findings revealed that the stakeholder groups interpreted the items differently. By integrating the quantitative and qualitative findings, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that enable or hinder stakeholders’ endorsement of instructional gamification in workplace learning. The study also presents four design propositions that facilitate stakeholder endorsement of gamified learning artifacts. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for designing and implementing instructional gamification in workplace learning environments.

Strategy development in times of crisis – How the European National Olympic Committees are mastering the corona crisis

PurposeThis research aims to focus on the strategic management by National Olympic Committees (NOCs) during the COVID-19 crisis. The authors investigate “How are strategies being developed within European NOCs to tackle the impact of the corona crisis?” and “which measures have proven to be particularly helpful?”Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. Five high-level representatives of European NOCs were interviewed using expert interviews to gain insights into their strategy development process. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and a questionnaire was developed based on the results. Nineteen other European NOCs were surveyed using this questionnaire to verify the strategy development process steps on a larger sample.FindingsThe research resulted in a six-step NOC strategy development process framework, with helpful measures for each step. It can help the organizations to better cope with current or upcoming crises.Originality/valueThis framework can serve as a guide for NOCs to find the right steps and measures to better perform in crisis situations.

Teachers’ perspectives on teaching science through an argumentation-driven inquiry model: A mixed-methods study

This study aimed to better grasp science instructors' perspectives on the argumentation-driven inquiry (ADI) teaching model through a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. A random sample of 184 Saudi Arabian science teachers (96 males and 88 females) completed a questionnaire. In addition, seven science teachers volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that ADI was used by science teachers less frequently than expected. This is because of the widespread belief that inquiry-based instruction, when combined with argumentation, necessitates greater classroom time and effort. Additionally, respondents reported engaging in some form of ADI on a monthly basis, once a month. Consequently, it was suggested that science teachers’ professional preparation and continuous development programs be re-evaluated to ensure that they are in line with the most recent science education standards and new approaches such as STEM, STEAM, and NGSS.

The New Wave of Influencers: Examining College Athlete Identities and the Role of Homophily and Parasocial Relationships in Leveraging Name, Image, and Likeness

This article brings together scholarship on communication theory, influencer marketing, and personal branding to examine a new type of social media influencer—the college athlete influencer. Previous research in the field of sports has not specifically explored the distinct characteristics of college athletes that contribute to their effectiveness as marketing influencers. By adopting a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the source of college athletes’ influence via social media. Quantitative results indicate that projecting an athletic identity on social media enhances the influencer’s credibility and increases the likelihood of consumers purchasing the products they endorse. Furthermore, qualitative findings indicated that the shared school identity acts as the ultimate impetus for the bond between the influencer and the consumer, which subsequently impacts the consumer’s purchasing decisions. This study provides actionable implications for schools, colleges, and brands seeking to build compelling sponsorships in the name, image, and likeness era.

What really matters: an exploratory sequential mixed-method study of women’s hospitality professional identities

PurposeThrough the lens of professional identity (PID), this paper aims to examine what matters to women when reflecting on their professions in hospitality. The purpose of this examination is to understand to what extent these PIDs are shared among women in hospitality and to include women’s voices into the workforce.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was used. The qualitative step included 24 in-depth interviews with female middle and senior managers in hotel management in the USA. The results of the interviews informed the design of a quantitative survey completed by 330 women hospitality professionals in managerial and non-managerial positions in the USA.FindingsThe qualitative analysis derived three super-ordinate and ten sub-themes. These themes were then quantitatively measured for validity and generalization. The mixing of qualitative and quantitative data indicated the relevance of work environment, social evaluation and perception of work and demonstrating professional competence as a woman in hospitality as significant drivers in establishing women’s hospitality PIDs.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to address women hospitality professionals through the lens of PID. By providing a different gender perspective on hospitality PID, this paper contributes to the expansion of diversity, equity and inclusion research and practices.

An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach to understanding students entrepreneurial self-efficacy

An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach to understanding students entrepreneurial self-efficacy

IMPAK PENERAPAN NILAI MURNI MELALUI PENDIDIKAN ABAD KE-21 TERHADAP PENGHAYATAN PELAJAR SABK

Noble value (NV) education is the core of student moral formation in line with the country's aspirations towards creating a civilized society. However, the Dini Integrated Curriculum (DIC) study report found that teachers' level of understanding and application of NV is still at a less than satisfactory level. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level, methods and techniques of the application of NV as well as the student's appreciation through 21st Century Education (21st CE) carried out in Government Aided Religious Schools (SABK) by teachers DIC in teaching and facilitating (PdPc) Usul al-Din subject. Next, identify the effect between the levels, methods and techniques of NV application used by DIC teachers on students' NV appreciation. The respondents consisted of 480 fourth grade students from 12 schools that involved stratified random sample selection. The teacher respondents consisted of 10 Usul al-Din DIC teachers who were selected by purposive sampling. This study uses an explanatory sequential mixed method approach. The application used to analyze quantitative data is SPSS version 25 and the qualitative data is Atlas Ti 23. The analysis of this study involves descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and thematic analysis. The results of the study found that the mean value of the 16 NV level of DIC teachers, methods and techniques of applying NV of DIC teachers were 4.06, 3.78 and 3.39 respectively. Teachers were found to be inclined to apply certain NV in their teaching. They also use a variety of methods and techniques, however, old techniques are more dominant than 21ST CE. Level 16 NV teachers and teacher teaching techniques have an impact on students' NV appreciation with an R Square value of 26.2%. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors also strengthen the impact on students' NV appreciation. Despite the impact, the relevant parties need to take proactive steps to ensure that these efforts can be optimized. This finding can benefit researchers, DIC teachers, policy makers and all those involved in related fields.

Predictors of Organizational Commitment among Higher Education Institutions Faculty: Towards A Framework to Enhance Faculty Commitment

This study focused on the predictors of organizational commitment of faculty members in Pampanga so as to serve as inputs for the conception of a framework using a sequential explanatory mixed method approach. The initial phase of the research involved a quantitative analysis to ascertain the factors influencing organizational commitment. These factors were categorized into three groups: personal, professional, and job factors. The personal factors of the study included age, sex, and civil status. The professional factors were divided into educational attainment, length of teaching at the current school and other school(s), while the job factors comprised of salary, benefits, incentives, and job satisfaction. For the 1st phase, 89 faculty served as respondents, while for the 2nd phase, 11 faculty served as participants. Meanwhile, the second part, which was the qualitative phase, selected participants from the same colleges and universities. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to ascertain the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable as well as to test hypotheses. The study's results indicate that personal factors and professional factors, namely, length of teaching service and salary, do not have significant effects on organizational commitment. However, incentives and job satisfaction were found to have significant impact on faculty commitment. These results were further confirmed through the qualitative phase, wherein three major themes emerged that connects the results of the quantitative phase namely, job security, organizational self-image, and leadership influence. Higher education institutions may consider the emergent framework as a reference in order to enhance faculty members’ organizational commitment.

Implementation of on-campus work-integrated learning activities in Vietnamese universities: ‘don’t rely on lecturers’

ABSTRACT This article explores the rationale behind the ineffectiveness of on-campus Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) activities in three Vietnamese universities. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach that included six in-depth interviews with lecturers and 461 responses to a student survey was employed to investigate challenges facing lecturers in implementing on-campus WIL activities and student perspectives on on-campus WIL practices. Findings revealed six obstacles associated with university stakeholders facing lecturers when organising and implementing on-campus WIL activities. Survey responses underscored student preferences in experiential and project-based learning and highlighted the importance of industry engagement to on-campus WIL effectiveness. This article calls for more awareness among university department leaders, lecturers and students about the values of on-campus WIL and suggests that further work in the areas of relevant policy and practice is required for university initiatives relating to on-campus WIL to happen.

A University-Church-Community Look at Community Health Using Community-Based-Participatory Research

The purpose of this sequential explanatory mixed-method approach using quantitative methods followed by qualitative inquiry was to assess a Southern California community’s perception of its health and of barriers to improving health. The qualitative aspects of this mixed-method CBPR project by a church-university-community partnership further describe member perceptions of their community and contributors/barriers to community health. Four focus group interviews were conducted over eight months at two elementary schools with the mothers of school children (N = 21) in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 school years, including one Spanish-only group. Four themes emerged, describing the contributors and barriers to community health and well-being: lack of connection, poor communication, fear/anxiety, and lack of access to affordable healthcare. The findings highlight how small anchor institutions, those whose primary mission is not health (church, school, trailer park, local businesses, etc.), can be facilitators of health and address these disruptions of connectivity, communication, and care present within the healthcare system itself, and its disappointed community recipients of “care”. The church as a community of care, in collaboration with educational institutions, is suited to invite community participation, affirm humanness, build trust, and offer increased access to care in the neighborhoods surrounding its location.

Overcrowded Classrooms and their Association with South African Learners’ Mathematics Achievement

There is growing global concern concerning South African learners’ mathematics achievement, with research identifying many factors contributing to poor mathematics achievement, with class size being one of them. When classrooms are overcrowded, this may lead to a stressful environment which can negatively impact the quality of teaching and learning that is possible. The purpose of this study was to gain a holistic understanding of the problem of overcrowded classrooms by using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. We first investigate the association between large classes and mathematics achievement using the TIMSS 2019 data for Grade 9 mathematics. This is followed by the qualitative phase, which elicited educators’ perceptions of the relationship between overcrowded classrooms and achievement. The quantitative results showed a significant negative correlation between the two, indicating that the larger the class size, the worse the achievement. It also showed that learners taught by teachers who strongly believed that there were too many learners in a class performed significantly worse than learners taught by teachers who did not feel this way. The qualitative results showed that participants believed that overcrowded classes led to limited personalised individual interaction with learners, didactic neglect and poor time management, which are associated with poorer mathematics performance. Recommendations include that the issue of overcrowded classes should be prioritised by all stakeholders at the different levels.

Corporate sustainability and environmental reporting: triggers and consequences.

This paper explores the triggers and consequences of sustainability reporting in the developing economy of Pakistan. Moreover, the study examines whether the corporate factors have any indirect and conditional indirect effects on financial performance through sustainability reporting where sector-affiliation acts as a moderator. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach has been applied for the data collection and analysis. The study uses secondary data collected from annual reports of 178 companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for 2010-2018. The quantitative results reveal that size, age, leverage, earnings, sustainability awards, CEO duality, and board independence significantly influence sustainability reporting. In contrast, foreign ownership, ownership concentration, women on board, and media visibility do not determine sustainability reporting. Mediation results indicate significant indirect effects of each corporate factor on financial performance through sustainability reporting. Similarly, except for a few, conditional indirect effects in all the models were also seen to exist. Subsequently, interviews with prominent players in the field helped validate and understand the quantitative results. This study has implications for regulators, corporate managers, investors, NGOs, and academic researchers.

Adolescents’ Change in Motivation as a Result of Buddhist Education: How Does It Make a Difference in Their Learning Outcomes?

AbstractMotivation significantly influences students’ learning outcomes. Changing their learning motivation improves their performance. This study used an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach, with the participation of 140 adolescents attending retreats at three Zen monasteries belonging to the Truc Lam (Bamboo Forest) Zen sect, to examine how they changed their motivation, what made them change, and how the change improved their learning outcomes. The study also evaluated the effect of gender and age on changes in motivation. The results indicated that many teenagers had changed from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation thanks to Dharma lessons, teacher support, and leisure activities. Compared to students who maintained their extrinsic motivation unchanged, they had better learning outcomes. Age, but not gender, had a considerable effect on changes in teenagers’ motivation. These findings provide more evidence for extending Buddhist education and conducting further research on young Buddhist learners’ motivation in various contexts.