Exploratory Case Study Method Research Articles

Contract, network or hierarchy? Selecting governance mechanisms in megaprojects from the perspective of contractor alliances

Understanding the evolving governance mechanisms in megaprojects is crucial for reducing transaction costs and ensuring project success. However, previous literature primarily discusses the results of selecting governance mechanisms at different phases, with little research exploring the reasons behind these choices. To fill this gap, this article addresses the question of how to select effective governance mechanisms at different phases from the perspective of contractor alliances, based on transaction cost economics (TCE). We employ a longitudinal exploratory case study method to analyse the governance mechanism selection process across three phases (i.e. contractor alliance formation phase, shield construction phase and crisis response phase) of a large infrastructure project in China. The results indicate that the likelihood of opportunistic behaviour, uncertainty and the duration of the phase jointly explain the reasons for selecting specific governance mechanisms. Additionally, we also find that contractual governance, network governance and hierarchical governance are typically complementary in multiple phases of megaprojects. This article provides valuable managerial insights for future governance practices in megaprojects.

Climate apartheid: the failures of accountability and climate justice

PurposeSevere inequality from climate change exists between the Global North and Global South. The North significantly contributes to climate change yet retreats to protect itself against its harmful impacts. Conversely, members of the Global South bear the brunt of the climate crisis with limited protection against its destructive effects. Climate justice aims to address this inequality. This paper explores the effects of climate change reforms and policies that have been established to foster accountability and climate justice.Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a qualitative exploratory case study method. It draws on a supply- and demand-led approach and local accounts to analyse the (in)effectiveness with which six national and international reforms and policies have achieved accountability for climate justice. The research analysed a variety of empirical documents including contemporary research, reports, academic literature, non-government and government documents and policies, media releases and Pacific Islander accounts.FindingsClimate change reforms and policies, which come together to form supply-side accountability, have largely failed to engender accountability in the Global North for the impacts of climate change. Nor have they mitigated climate change to any tangible extent at all. This has created a system of modern-day climate apartheid. Improving accountability and remediating climate injustices going forward will require a focus on demand-led instruments and accountability, which includes the voice of citizens.Originality/valueThis paper responds to AAAJ’s special issue call for examining accounting and accountability with regard to environmental and climate racism. Limited research to date explores the issue of climate apartheid and climate justice and its relationship with accountability. This research attempts to fill that gap.

Sukuk structure and risk exposures: evidence from an originator perspective

Purpose Despite the growing prevalence of Sukuk issuances, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning their specific risk exposures to originators of issuances rather than to investors, particularly compared to conventional bonds, and the implications of this for the corporate governance (CG) of originators. This study aims to examine the risks faced by originators and sponsors of Sukuk issuances, drawing insights from unique Sukuk case studies. The distinct characteristics of Sukuk include legal intricacies and Shari’ah compliance, which pose particular challenges to originators. Effective risk management is a key issue for CG in these areas. Design/methodology/approach A sequential explanatory case study method is employed, utilising the content analysis approach to extract information from various articles, reports and Sukuk case studies, including Tamweel Residential Mortgage Backed Sukuk and Tamweel Sukuk Limited. Findings The findings underscore the critical issues for originators in navigating risks within Sukuk structures, particularly concerning Shari’ah non-compliance and default risk. This highlights the importance of managing risks inherent in Sukuk structures, considering both Shari’ah compliance obligations and the sustainability of Sukuk in terms of default risk. Default scenarios raise unique questions regarding stakeholders' interests, specifically those of shareholders, investors and creditors, contingent on the Sukuk issuance's structure and contractual basis of the Sukuk issuance. Practical implications The need for a CG framework conducive to the effective management of these risks, thereby ensuring both Shari’ah compliance and long-term viability, which is crucial for the sustainable growth of Sukuk in the financial landscape. Originality/value This study offers a unique perspective by focusing on the risks faced by originators of Sukuk issuances, a largely unexplored area, and underscores the importance of effective risk management for CG and sustainability of Sukuk issuances.

Cultural Landscape of Industrial Heritage: Aesthetic Literacy Education of the Spatial Production Thought

As China’s economy and culture become increasingly globalized and open to exchange, students’ aesthetic views have revealed potential danger signals during the evolution of civilization, sometimes manifesting as deliberate neglect and challenge to righteous culture. This study focuses on the issues faced by contemporary aesthetic education for students, particularly the oversight by teachers during lesson preparation in identifying learning materials that are both engaging for students and have experiential educational value. Based on the immersive learning characteristics of intuitive experiential education, the study employs an exploratory case study method, utilizing the industrial heritage cultural landscape of Fanshan Town in Anhui, China, as a tool and resource for students’ aesthetic education. It constructs a knowledge system of alum culture landscape aesthetic literacy, grounded in the thought of “Harmony between Man and Nature”, centered on the elements of contemporary students’ aesthetic literacy. The findings indicate that the cultural landscape of the alum industrial heritage situates the construction of the aesthetic literacy knowledge system within a broader and more credible temporal and spatial context. This provides high-quality learning materials for the experiential teaching process, helping students draw lessons from historical reflection and enrich their aesthetic cultural literacy.

Social work in the context of child protection in Seychelles: educational preparedness from a global and local perspective

ABSTRACT Child protection’s complexity requires localized understanding within social work. This paper focuses on the child protection system in the Republic of Seychelles and evaluates social workers’ preparedness within this context. Through a historical analysis of social work in Seychelles and an exploration of the current child protection system with an emphasis on the educational readiness of social workers for child protection work, this study investigates the unique challenges/opportunities in this field. This study uses an exploratory case study method to analyze the educational preparedness of social workers in child protection work and identify key strategies for improving practice outcomes in Seychelles. Findings show that the education of social workers, especially at the bachelor’s degree level, is more tuned to generic training in the social work profession than specializations in specific fields of practice like child protection. Recommendations for enhancing social work practice in Seychelles and other similar contexts are given, highlighting the need for further research.

Exploring the Factors that Affect Creativity among Adolescents

Aims: Ideas are the key to innovation. In this competitive era the excellence of the mankind depends on their innovation. Innovative outcomes laid stress on how to think divergently. Creativity is varied in nature. Several factors are responsible to perform any creative task. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the most important factor which can help to expedite creativity among the person, more specifically to explore the scientific reason behind the specific factor and multivariate relationship between two or more factors. Study Design: In the present study the investigator used explanatory-case study method. Methodology: The present research included under non-probability sampling technique. For conducting the present research work systematically researcher used purposive sampling method for sample selection. It is basically selected for solving several purposes properly. Therefore the willing and accessible 31 subjects are chosen for this purpose. Out of 31 subjects, 20 students arefrom Bengali Medium School and remaining 11students are from English Medium School. These schools are affiliated to West Bengal Board of Secondary Education and CBSE Board. Results: A scatter analysis is used to compare two data sets for finding out the relationship between them. Simultaneously, curve fitting algorithm is used to examine the relationship between one or more predictors (independent variable) and a response variable (dependent variable) with the goal of defining a best fit model of the relationship. The major aim of this study is to find out the relationship between one or more predictors (independent variable) and a response variable (dependent variable) with the goal of defining a best fit model of the relationship. Conclusion: Exploring the effective factors of creativity is addressed on 14 years age of boys and girls.

THE ROLE OF SHIISM IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 caused Iran to shape its foreign policy along with its domestic political structure, within the framework of a certain Shiite understanding of Islam. Within this context and through the use of the explanatory case study method, this study aims to examine the effect of Shiism within the foreign policy of the post-Revolution Islamic Republic of Iran. First, the foreign policy-making process of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its various elements were discussed within the framework of the views of the Republic’s founder, the Supreme Leader Khomeini. Second, the effect of Shiism within and on Iranian foreign policy and affected regions will be explored and discussed. This study reports that Shiism is the most significant determining element in Iran’s foreign policy following the 1979 Revolution, that the country’s foreign policy approaches are not entirely Shiism-oriented, that there are deviations from this strictly Shiite approach, and that Iran’s foreign policy also includes realpolitik approaches.

Budget performance evaluation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

The 2020 crisis was caused by a disease outbreak that had an impact on global health and the economy, including Indonesia. As a quick response the government has refocused and reallocated on spending in handling and overcoming the impact of COVID-19, so that Ministries/Institutions must readjust their programs and budgets which affect the organization's performance targets has been established. Previous research where government agencies experienced a decline in performance during the pandemic. However, based on the Performance Report published by LIPI, shows an increase in average performance achievements. This research aims to examine the results of the evaluation analysis of budget performance variables, namely output achievement, budget realization, efficiency and consistency of fund withdrawals for planning for the 2019 and 2020 period with an exploratory approach use case study method. Data was obtained through documentation studies and in-depth interviews through open questions with the program and budget team, financial and budget at the DIPA unit level, and others. LIPI's performance can be achieved due to the policy of shifting the focus of research activities related to handling the coronavirus, changes in research patterns carried out by researchers, changes in business patterns and processes, and changes in the budget management scheme.

IS TRANSLATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION AN ACADEMIC OR VOCATIONAL FIELD?

<p>Undergraduate higher education in many countries are common to teach translation theories in a class while the students need more practice as close as the professional translator does. The purpose of this study is to explore how undergraduate higher education institution administering the translation class in Indonesia. This study used an exploratory case study method on a translation class of an English Education study program year 2022 with data gathered are from the learning documents, lecturers, and students. The data are analyzed using thematic analysis following steps familiarization, coding, generating, reviewing, defining, naming theme and writing up. The themes are validated using data triangulation that cross checking among the collected data. This study shows that the undergraduate level prepares the academic field of translation that will serve as a base of knowledge to pursue advanced level in the academic and/or goes to specialize for becoming professional translator later. It is recommended to have further study on how to teach the academic field of translation, such as translation teaching model, teaching method, assessment and so on.</p>

Novelty and Sustainability: The Generation Process of Original Business Model Innovation

Compared to incremental business model innovation, the impact of original business model innovation on both enterprises and societal development is more significant. The process of its emergence has attracted considerable attention. This article defines the concept of original business model and divides the process of its formation into two steps: achieving novelty and sustainability. Employing an exploratory multiple case study method, the research and analysis are conducted on six startup enterprises with characteristics of original business model innovation. The study reveals that achieving novelty involves three stages, i.e., heterogeneous knowledge accumulation, pain point perception, and opportunity identification, as well as cross-domain thinking application and creative formation. Achieving sustainability entails three stages: concept definition, business model development, and business model validation. Throughout this process, the effective integration of cross-domain knowledge is achieved through iterative experimentation, garnering support and recognition from stakeholders. The attainment of sustainability is pivotal to the success of original business models.

Assessing the Status and Challenges of Urban Land Administration Systems Using Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA): A Case Study in Pakistan

The urban land administration system (LAS) of any country serves as a key pillar for good governance, resource planning, service delivery, infrastructure development, and revenue collection. To reform their LASs, countries need a thorough understanding of their existing context and global relevance. The goal of this paper is to examine the status and challenges of urban LASs in Pakistan using the United Nations Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA). The exploratory case study method used in the paper employs a mixed approach, which includes FELA-based questionnaire surveys, group discussions, and desk reviews. A total of 525 urban LAS stakeholders, including owner-buyers, real estate agents, bankers, lawyers, and LAS organizations, participated in the activity. The results show that more than half of the stakeholders are not satisfied with existing urban LASs, their governance and accountability, laws, and policies. Corruption is prevalent mostly in government organizations. Fraud and joint ownership are the most common sources of dispute, with 67 percent of the respondents stating that the cases take more than two years to resolve in court. The financial aspect of urban LASs is suffering due to property undervaluation and low revenue collection. Manual data and record keeping in LASs further complicate the system, with 87 percent of all respondents interested in innovating the urban LAS using modern technologies. Furthermore, 92 percent of all respondents expressed the need to standardize the existing LASs. There is a lack of capacity and skills, and 89 percent of organizations’ respondents believe that human resources skilled in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) can improve the efficiency of urban LASs. There is a lack of partnership among LAS organizations and a gap in the accessibility of LAS-related quality information. The country’s vision of building smart cities can be realized through LAS standardization and 3D and GIS innovation.

Exploring Factors Affecting Gen Y Tourists’ Pro-environmental Behavior in China

This research explores factors that affect Gen Y tourists' pro-environmental behavior (TPEB) in China. The research has employed an exploratory case study method and conducted in-depth interviews with 30 Gen Y tourists from China. The interviews were carried out through an online platform (i.e., QQ) to keep appropriate social distancing to avoid spreading the virus due to the recent Covid-19 pandemic. The unit of analysis of this research is the individual Gen Y tourist. The study has discovered that several factors have affected Gen Y TPEB. Among all are personal factors (demographic, psychological, emotional) and environmental factors (direct contextual, indirect contextual, background). In addition, tourist-to-tourist interaction has the most significant effect on TPEB. The research contributes significantly to the theoretical and empirical developments that enrich the pro-environmental behavior and tourism literature.

Higher education student intentions behind becoming an entrepreneur

PurposeThis research aims to identify the intentions behind becoming an entrepreneur and the perception of entrepreneurial failure among different groups of students. There has been significant research discussing the motivations behind becoming an entrepreneur. However, such a research study is often focused on individuals who are already in the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, this research focuses on the understanding of the entrepreneurial process specified on the intentions of becoming an entrepreneur and the associated risk, in the context of a learning process.Design/methodology/approachThe perspectives of students towards becoming an entrepreneur and their perception of associated risk are identified. A comparative exploratory case study method is used. Three cases developed in the light of empirical evidence consist of Business, Law and Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students.FindingsMajor results show that the law and STEM students were on the same line in terms of motivational factors, such as being career driven. In contrary, the business students were more driven by personal factors such as leaving something behind and building something meaningful.Originality/valueWhilst studies have attempted to understand entrepreneurial intentions, little work has considered students and their views on becoming entrepreneurs. Even with studies that looked at this subject matter, the focus was mainly business students. The authors build on previous work and construct the authors' views based on multi-disciplinary student base to know more about their intentions to become an entrepreneur. The science and law students were more influenced by external factors, whereas business students were focused more on their personal goals. Such classification of the diverse intentions based on student discipline opens a new and promising research avenue to better develop entrepreneurial education not only for business students but across all disciplines in higher education.

Increasing the reading ability of a student with dyslexia in elementary school: an explanatory case study by using family support, remedial teaching, and multisensory method

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may lead to difficulties in reading and other language-related cognitive processes. Approximately 5 to 10% of students in public schools have this disorder, which requires specific learning strategies to improve their reading abilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the successful experiences of teachers in improving the reading ability of a student with dyslexia. To achieve this, a qualitative approach was used, with an explanatory case study method conducted in a public inclusive Elementary School located in Bogor City, Indonesia. This particular school was selected due to the presence of dyslexia and experienced teachers in handling students with disabilities. The participants comprised of four individuals, including a 3rd-grade student diagnosed with dyslexia, an experienced teacher, an assistant teacher, and parents of the diagnosed student. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with classroom teachers and the assistant, as well as parents. Document analysis and four-time classroom observation were also carried out to support the data. The result showed that there were four key factors in determining the success of reading in a student with dyslexia, namely (1) remedial teaching, (2) application of multisensory methods, (3) reading media use, and (4) parental support. It provided valuable insights for teachers dealing with the students with dyslexia, in order to improve their reading skills while considering the specific needs.

Patterns of Character Education for Vocational School Students through Non-Academic Programs: Paradigm and Implementation

Some Indonesian students, including vocational school students, often perform negative behavior. This study aims to reveal the good practice of character education patterns through non-academic activities in a vocational school in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. This study uses an explanatory case study method that explains a phenomenon in depth and detail. The study data are obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. There are 11 informants involved in this study. They are the vice head of the school for student affairs, the supervisor of extracurricular activities, the head of school administration, the coordinator of the counseling guidance unit, Islamic spiritual advisors, teachers, and five students. The research procedure includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The result of this study indicates that to shape student character, schools should not only conduct this through learning activities but also design well-planned non-academic activities. The pattern of non-academic character education is implemented through two activities. The first is habituation activities including a routine smiling day program, operasi semut (ant operations), reading Al-Qur'an, flag-raising ceremony, and short-term Islamic boarding schools. The second is doing extracurricular activities including scouting, choir, dance and drama, scientific creativity club, etc. These non-academic activities have a positive impact on the formation of students' positive character. Students are accustomed to practicing religious values such as honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard-working, creative, independent, democratic, curios, homeland-loving, communicative, peace-loving, environmentally caring, socially caring, and responsible in daily activities. Further research is required to test the effectiveness of this non-academic approach to character education in other schools.

DAMPAK PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) TERHADAP PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKUNTANSI DASAR DI SMK NEGERI 1 PURWASARI KARAWANG

The purpose of this research is to obtain information in the form of obstacles during the online teaching and learning process at home as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The research used the exploratory case study method and the research approach used the qualitative case study method which was used to obtain information on the constraints and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning process activities at SMKN 1 Purwasari, Karawang Regency. Respondents for this study were teachers, students and parents of students at SMKN 1 Purwasari, Karawang Regency. The results of this study are that there are several obstacles experienced by students, teachers and parents in online teaching and learning activities.

Nursing Implementation Case Study: Health Education on Self-care Management of Asthma Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Asthma is an incurable disease and is considered a risk factor for the morbidity of COVID-19. Self-care management is highly recommended as routine maintenance therapy, especially during the pandemic. This study aims to describe the nursing implementation related to health education about self-care management of asthma patients during the pandemic in Indonesia. This study used an exploratory case study method using the nursing process approach. The data were obtained using purposive sampling. The data were collected in various ways, such as interviews, physical assessments, and environmental observation. The nursing problems identified were ineffective breathing patterns and non-compliance. After implementing nursing through health education on self-care management, it was found that the development of the situation had improved. Nursing implementation through health education on self-care management in asthma patients can be applied to optimize asthma symptom control, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and reduce the side effects of treatment, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Keywords: implementation of nursing, health education, self-care management, asthma, COVID-19

THE SYMBOLIC INTERACTION IN CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISION AFTER SEEING ADVERTISEMENT: A CASE STUDY ON THE INSTAGRAM OF KIN DOG FOOD

This research aims to determine the process of symbolic interaction in purchase decisions by the consumer after seeing an advertisement on the Instagram of Kin Dog Food. Marketing communication has a vital role in the product marketing process because good marketing can achieve the company's main goal. The process of communication between sellers and buyers can be formed because of the role of symbolic interaction. The theory described in this research is the theory of symbolic interaction, purchase Decision and advertising. This research is qualitative research with an exploratory case study method, the research subjects are consumers who have bought the Kin Dog Food products. Data collection methods used are in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with six informants who were consumers of Kin Dog Food and observed Instagram @kin_dog_food to monitor consumer responses to the advertisement on Instagram @kin_dog_food to ensure the accuracy of the data. The result of this research indicate that symbolic interactions play an important role in consumer purchase decision for Kin Dog Food, because the admin is quite active in providing content, advertisement and information on Instagram @kin_dog_food so as to attract consumers' attention to follow the information and finally buy Kin Dog Food products.

The Analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy in Syria: A Neoclassical Realist Perspective

Since 2011, the Syrian Civil War has become an arena of international competition between regional and global powers. As a dominant regional actor, Turkey has important interests in this conflict. However, although great importance is given to civil war factors and power balances at the field level, Turkey’s internal conditions play a role as well as these externalities. Therefore, an analysis of Turkey’s foreign policy towards Syria from a local perspective is needed to reveal some negligible dynamics. In this direction, this study aims to analyse Turkey’s foreign policy towards Syria, taking into account the interaction between Turkey’s external and internal dynamics within the framework of neoclassical realist theory. Within this scope, we ask “how do Turkish external and internal dynamics explain its foreign policy in Syria?” as the leading search question and conduct our analysis using the explanatory case study method. Based on our findings, we provide a broad perspective on the significant impacts of four main internal factors on Turkish foreign policy, from the start of the Civil War to the most recent “Operation Spring Shield” by the Turkish Army and local Syrian armed groups.

A study of management decisions to adopt emission reduction measures in heavy industry in an emerging economy

Heavy industry can face challenges in choosing applicable climate change mitigation measures due to a lack of technical background and practical guidance. A better understanding of these determinants is needed to design region-specific climate policies that most effectively enable more ‘successful’ low carbon transitions. Set in an emerging economy, this study aims to understand the determinants which underlie investment decision-making in greenhouse gas reduction. It relies on empirical research using an exploratory case study method in the leading cement company in Indonesia. The results show four key determinants influencing (constraining) adoption were (1) the primacy of profit-seeking objectives in operational planning and development; (2) the availability of sources (clinker substitutes and alternative energy fuels); (3) the limited access to cash capital; and (4) the complexity in implementing emissions reduction projects. The inquiry also compares determinants in an emerging and developed country to provide a comparative perspective on emissions management in manufacturing. It appears that firms from the industrial sector in emerging economies have investment strategies that are largely characterised by activities that accentuate achieving financial benefits or best value for money or cost savings in a short time frame, or ‘short-termism’. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions management activities tend to be second-preference strategies for firms in emerging economies, at least in the industrial manufacturing sector.