Exploration Of Gas Fields Research Articles

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ КЛАСТЕРІВ У СФЕРІ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТА ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ: УРОКИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

In the modern world, attention to the use of renewable energy sources (RES) is increasing. This is primarily due to significant investments in the exploration and development of new oil and gas fields, the approaching threshold of exhaustion of these energy resources and, as a result, the end of the era of cheap oil. In addition, the use of these non-renewable energy sources is largely associated with an increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and an aggravation of environmental problems. According to the energy development strategy of the European Union, energy cluster projects are designed to form and develop ties between the countries. The European Union clusters focus on the following areas: energy, nutrition and health, marine and other industries. The energy cluster includes: wind energy, biomass energy, bioenergy conversion, offshore wind energy, innovative energy ecosystem. The energy cluster of the European Union unites energy companies, promoting the integration of science and technology, creating conditions for the development of competition and cooperation between enterprises in commercial activities. For many years, clusters have been the leading form of providing for regions in the world. And the field of renewable energy is no exception here. We emphasize that this area has It has a pronounced innovation orientation and is able to become a locomotive of innovative processes in Ukraine. Forming and developing clusters in the field of RES, the regions of Ukraine can significantly accelerate their own innovative development and modernize the regional economy. Therefore, the study of foreign experience in the functioning of such clusters is extremely relevant. The high capital intensity of innovative processes in the electric power industry, combined with the significant investment potential of domestic energy companies, make it possible to consider the industry as one of the largest customers for the creation of innovative technologies. The activation of these processes in the energy sector determines the need for systematic management of the joint development of energy enterprises and related industries and areas of activity. The implementation of this approach should be facilitated by the formation and development of energy clusters. The article examines the foreign experience of creating such innovative structures in the industry.

HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN SOUTH SEA SHELF DEPOSITS

Background The gradual depletion of the world's oil and gas reserves on land has led to the need for more extensive development of the oil and gas resources of the seabed. Offshore fields contain 3 times more oil and gas than on land. The hydrocarbon potential of the continental shelf can provide high levels of production. Under favorable conditions, production from offshore fields can make up 20 % of the total estimated oil production and 45% of the total gas production. Understanding the potential of energy resources of the shelf of the internal seas of the Russian Federation, including allows you to determine the vector of scientific and technical development in the development of oil and gas reserves. Aims and Objectives Based on the study of geological and technological information and data on hydrocarbon reserves in open sources, to summarize the main information about the energy resources of the offshore fields of the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas and the prospects for their development. Results The current state of exploration of promising areas of the shelf of the inner seas, taking into account the development of infrastructure in the regions, indicates a high potential and economic attractiveness of projects to replenish the resource base of gas and oil production in the coming decades. Favorable conditions and developed infrastructure allow active development of deposits in the waters of the Caspian, Azov and Black Seas. A review of literature sources indicates that in unfavorable political and environmental conditions, projects for the exploration and development of gas and gas condensate fields on the black sea shelf have received the least technological and technical development. The growing demand for energy resources in the developing region determines the relevance of research aimed at developing methodically based new solutions adapted to the existing geological and commercial conditions of the fields.

Experimental investigations of thread compounds viscosity degradation towards long term threaded connections leak resistance

Oil and gas leakages represent the (functional) failure mode as a result of sealing failure of thread connections. With the expectation for more safer and efficient operations during the exploration and production phase of oil and gas fields, Oilfield Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) require the use of thread compounds (pipe dope) to lubricate tubular connections during installation, provision of high resistance to presence of galling and ascertain a consistent friction coefficient, thus importantly to improve the sealing performance of API standard connections or among other expectations. In the period of improvement and upturning procedures for thermal enhanced oil, high temperature fluids (around 300 °C) with the production wells having a lower production temperature.To characterize the long-term sealing performance of OCTG threaded connections, this paper presented the experimental comparative studies and, the effect of viscosity degradation of five different types of thread compounds for thread connections samples using a programmable digital rheometer device under influences of shear rate, temperature and different loading conditions. The experimental outcome shows a dramatical transformation of the tested five thread compound's viscosity and how their sealability performance is being compromised. In view of this, the tested samples showed that the reduced viscosity properties will impede the tubulars connection leak tightness and durability in most thermal well's development. Our results also revealed that particular samples do fail at low temperature condition (70 °C) as this may impinge on pipe connections behavior during the breakout operation.

Investigation of quality factor frequency content in vertical seismic profile for gas reservoirs

Since long ago, indirect study of the underground layers properties has been interesting to geologists. One method for this study was seismography which gained great interest besides other tools due to the different identity of waves and energy attraction phenomena in different layers. Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is considered as a valuable method in oil and gas exploration. This method is used to estimate the rock properties in a well. In seismic operations elastic waves are sent down to the underground. Part of the waves’ energy is reflected after passing through the earth layers and are received by receivers on the ground level. The received data determine the situation of the underneath layers after being processed, and one of the most important applications of seismic data is in the oil and gas exploration field. Quality factor is one of the most important seismic detectors that shows itself apparently in VSP data results. The most substantial purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency content of the quality factor.

UKRAINE AND KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: ESTABLISHING BILATERAL ONES ECONOMIC RELATIONS

The importance of the Persian Gulf region for Ukraine is due to the significant potential for mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation. Despite the fact that Ukraine is one of the energy-deficient countries, the possibilities of import or transit of energy from the Gulf states are quite limited. The priorities of Ukraine's policy in the region are the development of balanced, equal and mutually beneficial relations, strengthening Ukraine's economic position in the region's markets, maintaining security at the southern borders of our state, strengthening regional security and stability. Ukraine considers important cooperation in the field of exploration, development, arrangement and modernization of oil and gas fields, design and construction of oil and gas infrastructure, joint production of hydrocarbons in the two countries and attracting investment in the modernization of Ukraine's gas transportation system. The automobile industry can become a promising area of Saudi-Ukrainian cooperation. An important area is cooperation in space, in particular, in the joint production of artificial satellite systems. launch of Saudi satellites. The aim of the article is to analyze the size and relation of commercial and investment between Ukraine and KSA, through finding the figures of the main product or services that changed or procured by the two countries, with raining the main impact factors that effecting the trade on the country level, also witnessed cooperation in various fields, as in 2016 the Kingdom and Ukraine signed agreements, including the double taxation agreement, the investment protection agreement, and the economic and commercial framework agreement for commercial, economic, scientific and technical cooperation. The main exported commodities were plastics and their articles, machinery and machine tools and their parts, fertilizers, and various chemical products, in addition to ready-made clothes. While the main imported commodities in the same year were: cereals, iron and steel (steel), fats and animal or vegetable oils, made of iron or casting (steel), and meat, offal and edible parts.

Areas of oil and gas accumulation in the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donetsk oil and gas province and the possibility of their study by remote methods

In connection with the need to increase the energy resources of Ukraine, it is essential to expand the areas and depths of prospecting, as well as to improve the methodology and technology of oil and gas exploration. The most promising area for the search for new oil and gas fields in Ukraine remains the Pripyat-Dneprovsko-Donetsk oil and gas province. Increasing the depth of new energy sources because of the increasing cost of exploration and deep drilling requires more accurate and efficient predictions, which should be based on a more rigorous scientific substantiation of new directions of work and the application of new efficient technologies. The article develops the concept of deep degassing of the Earth, which is of great importance for the development of modern ideas about the formation and geological history of the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donetsk oil and gas province. The authors considered the nature of oil and gas accumulation areas and their relationship with the “pipes” of deep degassing of the Earth, as well as the possibilities of structural-tectonic, lithological-geochemical and remote sensing methods in identifying new oil and gas fields in the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donetsk oil and gas province and signs of their connection with «pipes» hydrocarbon deep degassing of the Earth. To implement new methodology and technology of prospecting, exploration of oil and gas fields, the article proposes to make wider use of the modern capabilities of satellite methods, which make it possible to quickly cover large areas with multiple surveys, increase the efficiency of solving geological problems, and also significantly reduce the cost of oil and gas exploration.

Main Problems of Gas Processing in Russia

Gas processing is an independent dynamically developing industry whose role is growing constantly in connection with exploration and development of new gas and oil fields and increase of volume of recovered hydrocarbons subjected to processing. For further development of the industry it is essential to improve the existing technologies and equipment, which is impossible without analysis and solution of the prevailing problems. This article discusses the main problems of the gas processing industry in Russia at the present stage of its development and proposes ways of their solution.

Impact of pertinent parameters on foam behavior in the entrance region of porous media: mathematical modeling

Foam injection is a promising solution for control of mobility in oil and gas field exploration and development, including enhanced oil recovery, matrix-acidization treatments, contaminated-aquifer remediation and gas leakage prevention. This study presents a numerical investigation of foam behavior in a porous medium. Fractional flow method is applied to describe steady-state foam displacement in the entrance region. In this model, foam flow for the cases of excluding and including capillary pressure and for two types of gas, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are investigated. Effects of pertinent parameters are also verified. Results indicate that the foam texture strongly governs foam flow in porous media. Required entrance region may be quite different for foam texture to accede local equilibrium, depending on the case and physical properties that are used. According to the fact that the aim of foaming of injected gas is to reduce gas mobility, results show that CO2 is a more proper injecting gas than N2. There are also some ideas presented here on improvement in foam displacement process. This study will provide an insight into future laboratory research and development of full-field foam flow in a porous medium.

Partial Cases of Stressed-Deformed Condition of Casing and Pump Compressor Pipes

Abstract Threaded joints are the most technological for piling up in the fields. However, violations of standard threaded joints account for 70% of all complications in pipe processing and production. These malfunctions result in significant material losses, reduced well productivity, and contamination of the wells and environmental pollution. Particularly acute is the loss of these sealed joints during exploration and development of gas and gas condensate fields. The necessary increase in volumes and intensification of hydrocarbon energy production is envisaged by the increase of drilling depth, construction of slopes and horizontal wells. Horizontal drilling and fracturing are used to produce shale gas. The efficiency and safety of the operation of oil and gas wells in complex mining and technical conditions depend on the quality and reliability of casing and pumping columns, which requires the modernization of machinery and technology for the installation of wells. The most technological for column fitting in the fisheries sector is threaded joints. However, breach of standard threaded connections causes 70% of all complications with pump housings and columns. This leads to significant material losses, reduced production of raw materials, contamination of the interior and the environment. Therefore, the urgent task is to improve the threaded joints by increasing their reliability and efficiency under heavy workloads.

Sedimentary pattern and exploration significance of Permian reefs and shoals around the Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depression, eastern Sichuan Basin, China

There exists the Wusheng-Shizhu and Chongqing-Qijiang intra-platform depressions in the eastern Sichuan Basin during the Late Permian to the Early Triassic. The clear understanding of the sedimentary pattern and evolution of reef-shoal around the depression-margin has a practical significance for guiding the exploration and development of the Permian–Triassic reef and shoal gas fields. Based on observation, the systematic sampling and laboratory analysis of typical outcrops of the Changxing Formation (i.e. Juandong, Juhuaba, Lengshuixi, and Taiyuan) are located in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Combined with drilling data and previous studies, the study area is dominated by a ramp sedimentary environment, except for the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough in the Early Changxingian. The main sediments are micrite-containing chert nodules and micrite. With the regression that took place during the Middle-Late Changxingian, there is a distinct sedimentary differentiation that began to appear. There is a “two depressions–one platform–one trough” sedimentary pattern from south to north in the study area in the Changxingian. In essence, there exists the Chongqing-Qijiang and the Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depressions (two depressions), platform-flat (one platform) between the Wusheng-Shizhu intra-platform depression and the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough, and the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough (one trough). The reef-shoal of the northern depression-margin distributes between the 2nd Member and lower part of the 3rd Member. By comparison, the reef-shoal of the southern depression-margin distributes in the upper part of the 3rd Member; this indicates that the deposition of reef-shoal shows “earlier in the north and later in the south.” It is considered that the sedimentary palaeogeomorphology of the Changxingian is characterized by “higher in the north-lower in the south.” The clear understanding of the sedimentary pattern and evolution of reef-shoal around depression-margin reveal a new field for exploration and development of the Permian Changxing reef-shoal gas fields in the eastern Sichuan Basin.

Finite Element Simulation of Oil and Gas Reservoir In Situ Stress Based on a 3D Corner-point Grid Model

A three-dimensional (3D) corner-point grid model gives a relatively accurate description of the structural properties and spatial distribution of oil and gas reservoirs than Cartesian grids. The finite element simulation of the stress field provides a relatively probable presentation of the in situ stress distribution. Both methods are of great importance to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Implementing the finite element simulation of in situ stress on a 3D corner-point grid model not only retains the structural attributes of a reservoir but also allows the accurate simulation of the 3D stress distribution. In this paper, we present a method for implementing the finite element simulation of in situ stress based on a 3D corner-point grid model. We first established a fine 3D reservoir model with corner-point grids and then converted the grids into corresponding 3D finite element grid models using a grid conversion algorithm. Next, we simulated the in situ stress distribution with the finite element method. The stress model is then resampled to corresponding corner-point grid geological models using the reverse algorithm. The grid conversion algorithm is to provide data support for the subsequent numerical simulation and other research efforts, thereby guaranteeing procedure continuity and data consistency. Finally, we simulated the stress distribution of a real oil field, the X region. Comparing the simulated result with the measured result, the high agreement validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Exploration and development of biogenic gas fields in East Java, Indonesia

Exploration and development of biogenic gas fields in East Java, Indonesia

Major progress in the natural gas exploration and development in the past seven decades in China

Abstract China has made significant progress in the exploration and development of natural gas in the past 70 years, from the gas-poor country to the world's sixth largest gas production country. In 1949, the annual gas output in China was 1 117×104 m3, the proved gas reserves were 3.85×108 m3, and the average annual gas consumption and available reserves of per person were 0.020 6 m3 and 0.710 7 m3, respectively. By 2018, the average domestic annual gas production per person was 114.857 6 m3 and the reserves were 12 011.08 m3, and the average domestic annual gas production and reserves per person in the past 70 years increased by 5 575 times and 16 900 times, respectively. The exploration and development of large gas fields is the main way to rapidly develop the natural gas industry. 72 large gas fields have been discovered in China so far, mainly distributed in three basins, Sichuan (25), Ordos (13) and Tarim (10). In 2018, the total gas production of the large gas fields in these three basins was 1 039.26×108 m3, accounting for 65% of the total gas production in China. By the end of 2018, the cumulative proved gas reserves of the 72 large gas fields had amounted to 124504×108 m3, accounting for 75% of the total national gas reserves (16.7×1012 m3). New theories of natural gas have promoted the development of China's natural gas industry faster. Since 1979, the new theory of coal-derived gas has boosted the discovery of gas fields mainly from coal-measure source rocks in China. In 2018, the gas production of large coal-derived gas fields in China accounted for 50.93% and 75.47% of the total national gas production and total gas production of large gas fields, respectively. Guided by shale gas theories, shale gas fields such as Fuling, Changning, Weiyuan and Weirong have been discovered. In 2018, the total proved geological reserves of shale gas were 10 455.67× 108 m3, and the annual gas production was 108.8×108 m3, demonstrating a good prospect of shale gas in China.

ГЕОЛОГІЧНІ РИЗИКИ ПРИ ОЦІНЦІ РЕСУРСНОЇ БАЗИ ВУГЛЕВОДНІВ

At the present stage of geological exploration, the issue of assessing the hydrocarbon resource base of promising facilities is not relevant on a deterministic basis, but using probabilistic assessments and geological risks, which is especially important when assessing investment attractiveness, especially when introducing international projects. Geological risk is associated with the uncertainty of the geological model of an oil and gas perspective object and does not depend on the absolute value of the estimated resources. Based on the analysis of world experience, preliminary studies of this issue in Ukraine and features of the geological structure and oil and gas content of the Eastern oil and gas region of Ukraine, the main geological risks are identified: - the risk of the existence of a trap - the probability that there is a structural or other form in which the position of the explosives may be contained, the reliability of the release of the trap according to available geological and geophysical data; - the risk of the collector's existence is the probability that the breed having sufficient porosity, permeability and spatial distribution in the predicted section of the cut is present and maintained in the process of development of mobile explosives; - the risk of the existence of a tire - the probability that promising in oil and gas bearing deposits overlapping rocks are impervious to predicted hydrocarbons and able to hold the deposit; - risk of regional (zonal) oil and gas - the probability that within the oil and gas prospect facility there are hydrocarbons in a specific productive horizon. For a more confident and unified determination of the risk factors for the existence of a trap, its dependence on the main characteristics of the predicted trap was developed. In addition to the type of trap, differentiation is performed depending on the depth of the object, its amplitude and the number of complicated tectonic disturbances and their type. In addition, recommendations have been developed for the use of methodological methods for determining the risks in assessing the hydrocarbon resources of oil and gas prospecting facilities, which will increase the reliability of the assessment of the resource base of promising objects in the Eastern oil and gas region of Ukraine. Key words: hydrocarbon, geological works, important evaluation, naftagazperspective objects, evaluation of risks, perspective resources References Galkin S.V. 2012. Methodology of accounting for geological risks at the stage of exploration and exploration of oil fields. Bulletin PNRPU. Geology. Oil and gas and mining. № 4. P. 23-32.https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9923/2012.4.3 Кerimov V.Y., Bondarev А.V., Mustaev R.N., Hоshtaria V.N. 2017. Estimation of geological risks in searches and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. «Oil industry». № 8. P. 36-41. Poliakov А.А. Systemic approach to the analysis and reduction of risk in the search and exploration of oil and gas fields. Oil and gas geology. Theory and practice. Т.11. №1. 22 p. www. URL: http://ngtp.ru/rub/3/3_2016.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17353/2070-5379/3_2016 Popadiuk I. 2003. Theoretical bases for assessing geological risks in the oil industry according to world standards. Oil and gas industry. № P. 9-15. Kharchenko M.V., Vakarchuk S.G., Kitchka O.A. Accounting for geological risks practice while evaluating resource base of hydrocarbon Usage in Ukraine. Prospects for investing. Materials of the Third Scientific and Practical Conference (October 4-7. 2016. Truskavets). State commission of Ukraine on mineral resources (SCMR). К. SCMR. 2016. P. 243-246. Fokin 2011. Managing Exploration Risks & Uncertainties. https://rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/05_TNK-BP_Managing_Exploration_Risks.pdf Aigbedion I., Iyayi S.E., Agbeboh G.U. Prospect assessment and risk analysis: Example from Niger Delta, Nigeria Basin. International Journal of Physical Sciences. December. Vol. 3 (12). Р. 293-298. Colson T. Fault Seal Analysis: Constraining Fault Seal Risk Using Seismic Velocities. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #41789. Posted April 11. 15 p. Cunha A. 2011. Economic and Risk Analysis Applied to Petroleum Engineering. Recent Developments and Application Examples. SPE Distinguished Lecture Program presentation. 36 p. Mannini A., Rawstron P., Chai S.N., Spedding A. De-Risking a Gas Development Using Geophysical Methods. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #41086. Posted November 30. 2012. 16 p. Rose P.R. 2001. Risk Analysis and Management of petroleum exploration Ventures. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series. No. 12. Р. 172. The ССОР Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Petroleum Prospects. http:www.geosint.com/images/stories/geointelligence/technical/modeling/NORAD_RiskA.pdf White D.A. 1993. Geologic risking guide for prospects and plays: AAPG Bulletin. v 77. Р. 2048-2061.https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8FCE-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТИ СЕВЕРО- АБШЕРОНСКОГО АРХИПЕЛАГА ЮЖНО- КАСПИЙСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫ В СВЯЗИ С ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ СТРУКТУР


 
 
 Over the past decades, discovery of giant hydrocarbon fields at the depth of above 10 km in the World oceans enables the possibility of identifying oil and gas at great depths of the South Caspian depression (SCD).The main oil and gas resources in this region are associated with the Productive Series (PS) -Red Series (RS) of the Lower Pliocene. Paleogene-Miocene and Mesozoic sediments in the southern Caspian are submerged to great depths, the prospects of their oil and gas potential are associated with the most uplifted tectonic zones.The Northern Absheron, that is considered as one of the promising areas of this region, covers the uplifts zone under the same name that is the most elevated tectonic unit of the South Caspian. The zone under consideration consists of two anticlinal lines, within which about 20 structures have been identified and explored. Currently, about 10 structures are covered by prospecting and exploration drilling and 5 prospective oil and gas structures have been identified: Absheron kupesi, Western Absheron, Novkhany, Ashrafi, Garabakh.Testing of exploration wells on the structures Gilavar, Hali, Arzu, Ashrafi, Mardakan-deniz and Oguz has not been positive. It should be noted that the deep structure of these uplifts is poorly studied by seismic exploration. Detailed integrated geophysical survey at modern technological and methodological levels is necessary to examine the relation of structural plans of sediments of various ages. The prospects oil and gas field exploration are associated with the lower part of the PS, Miocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic.It should be noted that despite negative conclusions of some foreign researchers on non-productiveness of the structures above, in recent years, the data obtained from the results of new geological and geophysical methods give SOCAR the basis to resume exploration drilling without involvement of foreign companies.
 
 

Pore structure characteristics of an ultradeep carbonate gas reservoir and their effects on gas storage and percolation capacities in the Deng IV member, Gaoshiti-Moxi Area, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Abstract Evaluating reservoir storage and percolation capacities, which are closely associated with pore morphology and connectivity, is significant for the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas fields. However, ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs have extremely high heterogeneity and complexity compared to other relatively shallow reservoirs. Therefore, investigations into all aspects of ultradeep carbonate face enormous challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic study on the pore structure characteristics of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs has been conducted to date. In this paper, the pore structure characteristics and their effects on the gas storage and percolation capacities of the Deng IV Member gas reservoir were investigated using conventional petrophysical measurements, casting thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) tests, and multiscale CT scanning analysis. The results show that the lithology of the Deng IV Member reservoir is dominated by algal clotted dolomite, algal stromatolite dolomite and algal doloarenite. The conventional petrophysical measurements indicate that the average porosity and permeability are 3.91% and 1.02 mD, respectively. However, the high porosity (8-4%) and high permeability (10–10,000 mD) intervals are developed locally. The casting thin sections, SEM and two-dimensional CT analyses identify six main types of reservoir spaces in the Deng IV Member: interparticle dissolution pores, intercrystal dissolution pores, fenestriform cavities, dissolution cavities, structural fractures and dissolution fractures. Furthermore, three types of throats, that is, necking, tubular and lamellar, were also detected. Four types of reservoirs, namely, matrix type, pore type, cavity type and fracture-cavity type, were classified according to the comprehensive analysis of HPMI data and curves. Three-dimensional pore throat network topologies were reconstructed for four types of representative core samples based on the multiscale CT scanning data and “maximum-ball” method. The distribution characteristics of pore throat radii, volumes and coordination numbers reveal the following: the reservoir space of fracture-cavity type is dominated by cavities and multiscale pore throats with the best pore-throat connectivity; the reservoir space of cavity type is primarily controlled by cavities and large-scale pore throats with moderate connectivity; the reservoir space of pore type comprises multiscale pore throats with moderate connectivity; and most areas of matrix type reservoir are occupied by rock matrix, and the pore-throat connectivity is the worst. In conclusion, the development of fractures and bedding cavities considerably improves the reservoir percolation capacity, and the development of cavities is an important supplement to the reservoir storage capacity. The reasonable combination of cavities and fractures is the basis for the efficient development of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs.

Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China

Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China

APPLICATON OF MICROSEISMIC NOISE ESTIMATION IN OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AIMED AT REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Aim. This article discusses the possibility of reducing ecological costs and risks during exploration of oil and gas fields. To this end, we propose to reduce the number of exploratory drilling works performed using unjustified non‐productive wells. Such a problem can be solved with the help of innovative seismic‐acoustic methods of direct deposit exploration.Methods. The method of microseismic noise estimation (MNE) in application to hidden hydrocarbon de‐ posits is proposed. When implementing the MNE algorithms, Chebyshev spectroscopy and analysis of the noise in terms of Gaussian distribution were used.Results. The hardware im‐ plementation of the MNE method is presented. The key component of the hardware complex is presented by an autonomous microprocessor 3D seismic module. The seismic module registers signals across the frequency range of 0.5‐40 Hz with a level of spectral density of self‐noise not higher than 0.5 nm×Hz‐1/2. Presented both in land and sea design, the module is compact and mobile.Conclusion. The application of the MNE method in prospecting and exploration allows identification and exclusion of obviously non‐productive wells from drilling, as well as reduc‐ tion of the total number of wells more than by twofold. For the Caspian region, this indicator is expected to be higher. As a result, the method will provide a significant reduction in the envi‐ ronmental consequences of the oil and gas industry as a whole.

Hazard and Operability Study of Gas Exploration Field Located in Pakistan

Daily huge amount of oil and gas (O&G) is consumed around the world which is mainly transported and distributed through pipelines. The integrity and safety of these pipelines is of primary interest for Oil & Gas companies, consultants, Government agencies, and other stakeholders due to adverse consequences and heavy financial losses in case of operational failure. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) is a widely used technique for the identification of process hazards in the design and operation of a facility. The main objective of this work is to analyze the hazards of existing gas & oil transportation plant located in a rural area of Pakistan. A detailed study was conducted by a team of 4-5 professional Engineers and identified the hazards by using specific guide words afterward, proper safety measure was suggested. The whole study was carried out in 6-9 months. After detailed HAZOP study in gas processing unit about 14 risks were identified. Out of which only 01 risk is unacceptable and 03 are undesirable that should be mitigated to risk rank 3, the others are acceptable with controls. Based on which about 13 safety measures were recommended and most of them about 53% include regular or periodic checkups and maintenance. This article presents the cause and work stream of HAZOP and gives real case study for the utilization of HAZOP in gas processing fields. This study reveals the deviation occurs in the incoming gas flow pipeline which causes the plant to shut down and increases the downtime in production.

The main reserve of accelerated effective opening of oil and gas fields in Ukraine

Economic hardship in Ukraine during the years of independence led to a sharp reduction of exploration work on oil and gas, a drop in hydrocarbon production, a decrease in inventories and a sharp collapse of research work to ensure the growth of hydrocarbon reserves.The hydrocarbon potential of various sources of Ukrainian subsoil is quite powerful and can provide future energy independence of the country. Potential hydrocarbon resources in traditional traps of various types are exhausted by only 25 %. Ukraine has recently experienced so-called “shale gas boom”. The experience of extraction of shale gas in desert areas of the United States can not be repeated in densely populated Ukraine in the absence of such powerful shale strata, resource base, necessary infrastructure, own technologies and techniques and economic, environmental and social risks.Taking into account the fuel and energy problems of the state, we constantly throughout the years of independence oriented the oil and gas industry and the authorities on the active use of our own reserves and opportunities for accelerated opening of new oil and gas fields.The results of geological exploration work in the old oil and gas basins at the high level of their study indicate that deposits in non-structural traps dominate among open deposits.A complex of sequence-stratigraphical, lithology-facies and lithology-paleogeographical studies is being successfully used to forecast undeformational traps in well-studied oil and gas bearing basin of the Ukraine – the Dniprovsko-Donetsky basin. The authors predict wide development of stratigraphic, lithologic, tectonic and combined traps in terrigenous sediments of Tournaisian and Visean age, reef-carbonate massifs of the lower Tournaisian, lower and middle Visean age and others. They should become the basis for exploration of oil and gas fields for the near and medium term and open the second breath of the basin.