Explicit Ideas Research Articles

Rigor and objectivity as foundations of the rationality of physics in Evandro Agazzi

In current epistemology, there are two opposing attitudes towards the empirical sciences. Onthe one hand, they appear as an essential tool for the advancement of knowledge. On the otherhand, there is doubt about the metaphysical and epistemological bases of this confidence inscientific knowledge, which has led science down paths of skepticism and pragmatism. This paper aims to contribute philosophically to the rationality and ontological status of physics, taking as a starting point some works of the philosopher of science Evandro Agazzi. The article presented hereintroduces Agazzi’s thought and the core issues of his epistemology. It then defines the concepts of rigor and objectivity as understood by Agazzi, and finally establishes criteria of rigor and objectivity for physics, showing how they are verified in two classical experiments. Based on these ideas, it is shown that physics, as the science it is, has criteria of rigor and objectivity that allow it to effectively reach the real, thus responding to the formalist and pragmatist challenge. Thus, the article does notexhaust itself in a description of Agazzi’s thought, but will apply his ideas to the concrete field of physics, making explicit ideas that have not been sufficiently made explicit by the Italian philosopher.

CSMU Grievance System

Abstract: This paper looks at the development and implementation of a CSMU grievance system in universities. It examines the benefits for Faculty and educational organizations, as well as the challenges faced by establishing and maintaining an effective system. We also highlight and show that such a system is necessary. A comprehensive review of existing literature, together with case studies of working complaints systems in educational establishments, forms the basis for the development of the system. The paper also provides an overview of how a Faculty complaint system should be structured and the general approach to its design, which calls for explicit ideas, effective communication, established reporting systems, trained experts as well as a proper procedure relating to complaints. Studies have shown that an effective redress system for Faculty can greatly improve the overall Faculty experience and help educational organizations increase their popularity with the general public. The paper describes how an efficient CSMU grievance system can be built and operated by academic institutions, as well as colleges and universities

Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and dynamics studies of novel thiazole-Schiff base derivatives containing a fluorene moiety and the assessment of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

In this study, a series of eighteen fluorene-containing substituted thiazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized via spectral analyses. The proposed compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity, and it was found that compound 2a displayed a significant zone of inhibition (20.3 ± 0.6 mm) against B. subtilis and compound 2b exhibited inhibitory activity (30.3 ± 0.6 mm) against a C. albicans fungal strain. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated for all analogues, where 2f exhibited a four-fold higher antioxidant capability (11.73 ± 1.22 μg mL-1) than the standard ascorbic acid. Oral bioavailability and toxicological parameters were considered, and most of the compounds satisfied Lipinski's rule of five and Veber's rule, except for one violation by a few derivatives. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed, providing more explicit ideas on the binding interaction and stability of compounds that exhibited wet lab activity. Average RMSD and RMSF values ranged between 0.5 Å and 2.5 Å, which indicated the stability of ligands inside the complex, yielding some engrossing insights.

The Secret Formula for Getting Rich with Scientific Research using Academic Marketing: Prepare to be Amazed!

Objective: How do internet searches work? Have you ever thought about how things could be different if you marketed your research better? In this editorial, I seek to challenge the more restrictive narrative of scientific production and scientific dissemination by blending theory with practical examples, inviting you, the reader, to try a more targeted digital engagement, turning your research into an open conversation with users in general, not just a monologue confined to the digital shelves of journals, merely accumulating points for CAPES.
 Method: Leaving the comfort zone of impersonal, third-person writing, in this editorial, we will dive into the rediscovered art of “selling” research to the public.
 Results: I initially unravel the mystery of the search algorithm, with a touch of academic marketing, to spice up the quest for online visibility.
 Contributions: Among strategies of Academic Search Engine Optimization (ASEO) and reflections on the reluctance of some academics towards marketing, I propose that we revisit our view of how research can be “sold” to the market. Additionally, I bring some implicit and explicit ideas for research that could be conducted along this line of more effective scientific dissemination.

공황장애 발생과정에서 나타난 청소년 내담자의 가족 역동과 심리적 경험에 관한 단일사례연구

This study analyzed a family therapy case of an adolescent with panic disorder(PD). We examined experiences of client and her family in the stage of panic disorder. For this purpose, this research used the thematic analysis method to analyze implicit and explicit ideas from the counseling transcript and counseling log. Also, the researchers utilized the network to display the results of study. As a result of the study, the developmental process of PD was as follows: First, fear of abandonment, second, oppressed emotion, third, fear of loss, fourth, re-experiencing of abandonment. We identified four stages of the psychological process in the development of PD and examined external situations, family dynamics, core affect at each stage. This study is meaningful in that it presented the context in which panic disorder developed step by step, and examined the relationship between crisis situations, family dynamics, and core affect in each step.

The genesis of the teacher habitus—a longitudinal study with Swiss primary teacher students

The teacher habitus concept offers a theoretical figure for the classification and interpretation of professionalization processes—especially from a vocational-biographical perspective. Milieu of origin and school biography are important for the genesis of the teacher’s habitus, since images of school life are already created in them, which are relevant for later professional action in the form of implicit orientations and explicit ideas. In the article, interview data from a longitudinal survey (3t) of primary teacher-students (N = 24), which were analyzed using the documentary method, are related to this concept. It turns out that the school biography is used as an argument for the choice of study, and frames the experience in the first internship. In the further course of the study, the professional requirements are increasingly classified against the background of one’s own skills and their concepts of the teaching profession. It can be seen, that students deal with requirements and arising crises and address their practice teacher in a very diverse way. Types of students and their habitus were identified at each time of the survey. For t2 (end of 2nd year) these were distinguished as: delimitation, extension, development, exploration and probation. On the basis of two contrastive case analyzes of the types “extension” and “development” it is shown how important one’s own school experience is and how differently the genesis of a teacher’s habitus takes place. The results illustrate the relevance of a (school) biographical reflection that should be given space to enable future teachers to access their implicit, action-guiding orientations and to make their own student habitus accessible to reflection.

Negotiating Modernity by Concepts of Relatedness: Towards the Construction of Malagasy Solidarity (Fihavanana Gasy)

Among the most explicit ideas and norms of desired, pro-social behaviours in modern Malagasy society is the rhetoric around, and longing for, ‘fihavanana’, a term that can be roughly translated as ‘solidarity’. It features therefore as a very prominent aspect of relationality in Madagascar, serving as a means of control and of conflict resolution and also as a guarantee of peace. Yet there is another, very different, dimension to fihavanana that is waiting to be uncovered, which this article aims to highlight. It is in fact a battle term, coined to negotiate issues of modernity and identity. My analysis will show that the concept of ‘Malagasy solidarity’ (‘fihavanana gasy’) has its roots not in problems of violence or war but in the experience of deep social rupture produced by confrontation with European concepts of enlightenment, rationality, Christianity and secularity during the 19th century. Fears of a consequent threat to authentic Malagasy culture led, from the first half of the 20th century onwards, to the development of a new, powerful discourse on the need to recover true Malagasy values, and ‘solidarity’ was among the most prominent of those selected. This ongoing discourse and the trend towards the institutionalisation of a concept of relatedness like Malagasy solidarity should thus be understood and reframed within an identitarian logic.

Capital, Capitalism and Health

The Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to increased scholarly attention to an important ‘human need’: good health. This article is about the relation between workers’ health and capitalist production, as Marx examines it in his magnum opus. While Marx’s main focus in Capital Volume 1 is on the production of surplus value by workers and its appropriation by capitalists, he does provide insights into how capitalism ruins the health of workers themselves, although these insights are scattered. In this article, I systematically re-articulate and analyse Marx’s thoughts about workers’ health in relation to some of the key-categories of his political economy: the value of labour power relative to wages; employment precarity; long working day; hidden abode of production; capitalists’ despotic control over workers; and the capitalist transformation of nature. I briefly relate Marx’s ideas about workers’ health from Capital Volume 1 to some contemporary research on the social dimensions of health. I also show that Marx’s explicit ideas about workers’ health, which are my main focus, point to a broader approach to the topic that is only implicit in his thinking. I draw out some practical implications of this approach.

Role of Legal Theory in Legal Education

The article addresses the role of legal theory in legal education. Today, a multitude of perspectives is present within legal theory and, as a subject, it is not as distinct as it is sometimes claimed to be. It is evident when considering syllabuses in the Nordic countries that nearly all LLM programmes have ambitions to teach legal theory as embracing a multitude of theoretical and methodological perspectives. This multitude of perspectives promises adaptable content for the subject of legal theory in various legal contexts, and could facilitate a reflection on how knowledge is acquired and why. The challenge addressed in the article is the presence of explicit or implicit ideas from the subject of legal theory as comprising a coherent “legal method” and a specific list of accepted theories. The persistence of such ideas is scrutinised in this article with help of the concepts of “professional knowledge” and “scholarly knowledge”. In order to navigate the complex field of legal theories, students need meta-reflective skills, which means the ability to reflect upon the underlying complexity and multitude of the subject. This is shown by a case study from the Department of Law at the University of Gothenburg, together with examples from curricula and textbooks from legal theory courses across the Nordic countries.

A Solace in Difficult Times: Engagement with Music and Its Impact on Experienced Distress, Flow States, And Life Satisfaction among Musicians & Non-Musicians

A purely abstract form of art, Music is devoid of any language or explicit ideas. When listening to our favorite songs, we often experience chills down our spine, and our body betrays all symptoms of emotional arousal. Even though it says little, music still manages to touch us deeply, stirs us at our very roots. How instantaneous the impact of music is not a fact unbeknownst to us, but the research on such impacts has been heavily focused on contrasting the skills of musicians and non-musicians. The current research attempts to refurbish the impact music has on the experience of psychological distress, flow state, and life satisfaction by decoding the influence of various styles of Engagement with Music. For this purpose, a research sample of 35 Musicians and 35 non-musicians was taken, aged 25-40 (N=70). Standardized scales were used to assess engagement with music, psychological distress, experienced flow states, and life satisfaction. The results from the data indicated that musicians experienced less psychological distress as compared to non-musicians. Key facets of Engagement with Music, i.e., cognitive and emotional regulation, engaged production, physical exercise, and social connection, were also found to be higher in Musicians. A negative correlation between Engagement with Music and Psychological distress and a positive correlation between Engagement with Music and experience of flow states and life satisfaction could be noted. These findings, along with the already existing evidence of music as a therapeutic tool, establish grounds for assimilation of music into health interventions and makes it salient that the inherent values of music are not overlooked or underestimated.

Landscape configuration mediates hydrology and nonpoint source pollution under climate change and agricultural expansion

Climate variability and landscape modifications directly influence watershed hydrology and processes of nonpoint source pollution, while remedial action requires distinguishing their effects. However, nonlinearity and multiple causality limit our ability to diagnose causes. Therefore, this study developed an approach that integrates hydrological modeling, random forests, regression trees, and variation partitioning analysis, to identify the effects of climate and landscape pattern changes upon runoff and nitrate loading in two typical watersheds in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of runoff and nitrate loading (2000–2015). The findings showed that drylands and orchards were the dominant sources of nitrate and baseflow was the key mode of nitrate transport. Water yield and baseflow were mainly influenced by precipitation change, while the surface runoff and nitrate load were affected primarily by landscape pattern changes, especially in the wet season. Although ecological restoration programs have improved forest cover and forest fragmentation, the effects of forest restoration on the reduction of surface runoff and nitrate at the watershed scale have been offset by increased precipitation and agricultural expansion. Nevertheless, the role of landscape configuration is so dramatic that it can override variation in nitrate losses driven by changes in land cover and precipitation. Effective control of nitrate loss under intensive ecological restoration can be achieved by using a mosaic of “sink” patches to divide larger areas of cropland into smaller patches, maintaining cropland fragmentation, and limiting the increase in edge density of cropland. This paper’s proposed and implemented approach provides a new understanding of the interactions and nonlinear relationship between hydrological processes and environmental change, providing explicit ideas and useful insights for landscape planners and managers for improving eco-hydrological functions of watershed at the practical level. We emphasize that the impact of land use change cannot be assumed to be linear in restoration strategies, instead nonlinear impacts, clear details of landscape configuration, and seasonal climatic characteristics should be explicitly considered.

Interpretation of China's 2017 health expenditure: a latent profile analysis of panel data.

ObjectiveTo explore the latent structure of health financing and the institutional distribution of health expenditure (focused on hospital expenditure) in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of mainland China, and to examine how these profiles may be related to their externalising and internalising characteristics.Study designThe study used panel data harvested from the China National Health Accounts Report 2018.MethodsMainland China’s provincial data on health expenditure in 2017 was studied. A latent profile analysis was conducted to identify health financing and hospital health expenditure profiles in China. Additionally, rank-sum tests were used to understand the difference of socioeconomic indicators between subgroups.ResultsA best-fitting three-profile solution for per capita health financing was identified, with government health expenditure (χ2=10.137, p=0.006) and social health expenditure (χ2=6.899, p=0.032) varying significantly by profiles. Health expenditure in hospitals was subject to a two-profile solution with health expenditure flow to urban hospitals, county hospitals and community health service centres having significant differences between the two profiles (p<0.001).ConclusionsPer capita health financing and health expenditure spent in hospitals have discrepant socioeconomic characteristics in different profiles, which may be attributed to macroeconomic factors and government policies. The study provided new and explicit ideas for health financing and health policy regulation in China.

THE VALUE OF FEEDBACK IN TRANSLANGUAGING: STUDENTS’ INSIGHTS FROM AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE AT LONDRINA STATE UNIVERSITY

The recognition of plurilingualism in Brazil has drawn attention to the phenomenon of translanguaging, which has been gaining more advocates around the world. Translanguaging is a conceptual and ideological framework that seeks to account for communicative practices constructed out of diversity of linguistic and cultural repertoires. It has been used and discussed for more than two decades, mainly in the field of bilingual education and in the study of modern foreign languages. In order to contribute to the discussion about translanguaging in Brazil, this study provides a perspective for exploring the value of feedback in the translanguaging theory in higher education; namely, as observed in an academic course at Londrina State University in the State of Parana. The use of a single focus group discussion, as data collection, and of Thematic Analysis for coding allowed the researcher to identify themes for the description of both implicit and explicit ideas within the data. Results showed that students value feedback under three main themes. Feedback was valued as a task established by the professor, with clear goals. Such goals positioned feedback as a guideline for students to internalize their own learning. Finally, providing an environment of collaboration where they felt motivated to take academic risks was also perceived as valuable.

The spatial practice of the schoolyard. A comparison between Swedish and French teachers’ and principals’ perceptions of educational outdoor spaces

ABSTRACT In this study French and Swedish teachers’ and principals’ opinions and everyday uses of the schoolyard is in focus: What do they perceive as desirable and undesirable in the schoolyard, what similarities and differences exist between the two groups of pedagogues, and how can these be understood? The study employs a cross-cultural design and is based on interviews with 10 pedagogues. The analysis highlights similarities and differences concerning what shall take place in the schoolyard and how this is to be achieved. Based on a theoretical framework from Lefebvre and Bernstein, the findings are discussed in relation to explicit ideas found in the school curricula and to nation-specific educational contexts and their cultural and organizational distinctiveness.

Prioritising theme park service quality in Islamic contexts: an analytic hierarchy process approach

PurposeThis study aims to develop a framework to identify, categorise and prioritise the dimensions of service quality in theme parks in an Islamic cultural context.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted to identify service quality dimensions in theme parks in an Islamic cultural context, and a survey tool was used to explore visitors’ opinions of the most important dimensions and sub-dimensions. An analytic hierarchy process was used to prioritise the main criteria and sub-criteria of dimensions of theme park service quality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study identified four main criteria and 24 sub-criteria of service quality for the theme park industry from an Islamic perspective.FindingsConsumables quality and physical environment quality were the top priorities under the main criteria. Availability of halal food was the most important sub-criteria of service quality in theme parks in the UAE, followed by price of food and beverages and staff attitude and behaviour in equal second place, and then quality of food and beverages and quality of facilities, again with equal scores.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on tourists visiting an emerging country, and the results therefore cannot be generalised to other cultural contexts. This study has developed a comprehensive model of theme park service quality using a hierarchical method. This included both general and Islamic service quality dimensions. This study, therefore, contributes to the “Islamic tourism” literature by identifying the importance of Islamic attributes in evaluating service quality of theme parks in Islamic countries.Practical implicationsThe outcome of the study will provide local and international theme parks with explicit ideas about the service quality dimensions that are important in an Islamic cultural context. This will help them to prioritise the critical service quality dimensions, and eventually contribute to the successful management of theme parks.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights into the dimensions of service quality of theme parks in an Islamic cultural context.

Locating Patriotism in Civil War Songs

Locating Patriotism in Civil War Songs James A. Davis (bio) Following the Union seizure and occupation of New Orleans in May 1862, Pvt. Frank Harding joined members of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry band as they formed outside the Charles Hotel to entertain—or perhaps to taunt—the local civilians. According to Harding, the musical offering met with mixed results: "Our band went into the House and played our national airs. While they played The Red White & blue and the Star Spangled banner the crowd was very quiet[,] but when they struck up Yankey Doodly there was a great commotion in the crowd[.] I heard one man say that he had rather given one thousand dollars than to had that d—d tune played in the city."1 Three years later, in March 1865, at the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House, Virginia, Col. Stephen Clark of the Thirteenth Ohio Cavalry vividly described the first clash of the Union and Confederate lines: "Our boys cheered and our band in the rear began to play 'The Star Spangled Banner,' and almost at the same time a band on the other side began playing 'Dixie'; they cheered and began to fire which we promptly answered and the fight was on in earnest."2 Fifty years after the last shots had been fired, one old Confederate met with his Yankee counterpart at a veterans' reunion, where the topic of music came up. [End Page 380] While the Northern gentleman proudly recalled such warhorses as "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" and "The Battle Cry of Freedom," his Southern companion countered by mentioning "Maryland, My Maryland" along with "Dixie" and "The Bonnie Blue Flag."3 These three stories place Civil War songs in predictable settings with predictable results. Taken individually, within the contexts described, each of these pieces appears to have served as what would best be described as an inspirational patriotic anthem. But when gathered together, they seem to have little in common; indeed, anomalies emerge that make it unclear what constituted musical patriotism during the Civil War. In the first example, two seemingly blatantly patriotic songs—"The Star-Spangled Banner" and the equally transparent "Red, White and Blue" (another name for "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean")—elicited no response from a hostile Southern crowd. "Yankee Doodle," however, brought forth a vitriolic reaction. In the second story, the unofficial Union national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner," galvanized the Northern troops while their Confederate opponents answered with a popular minstrel tune. In the last example, the Union veteran resurrected predictable Northern chestnuts like "The Battle Cry of Freedom" and the inescapable "Battle Hymn of the Republic" while the Confederate veteran answered with "The Star-Spangled Banner's" alter ego "The Bonnie Blue Flag" alongside "Maryland, My Maryland"—a song celebrating a state that never joined the Confederacy. Today it is taken for granted that pieces like "Battle Hymn of the Republic" and "Dixie" generated and maintained commitment to the Union and the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Such pieces are summarily defined as "patriotic songs" and assigned to their respective nations without any consideration of how these songs connected with the countries they supposedly supported. Patriotism requires a locus of identity, something toward which a community's loyalty can be directed and sustained. This is often a specific place, but it can also be a significant icon or a mythologized person or event. Identifying a suitable patriotic target was no easy task for songwriters during the American Civil War. Tenacious regional loyalties and blurry political and geographic borders made locating patriotism an ongoing trial for both the Union and the Confederacy. To overcome these challenges, many Civil War songs constructed multivalent patriotic spaces instead of referencing determinate geopolitical places.4 Combining [End Page 381] locationally suggestive yet indistinct lyrics with likeable melodies, certain notable pieces generated ambiguous but substantive emotional and conceptual focal points—the Dixie of "Dixie's Land" or the republic of "Battle Hymn of the Republic." These patriotic spaces had to be locatable and definable to be effective even as they occupied a gray area around the tangible places and explicit ideas encountered in daily life.5 Some of these musical...

Biomarker data visualisation for decision making in clinical trials

ObjectiveTo understand how visualization of biomarker data is used for decision making in clinical trials, and identify problems with and suggest improvements to this process. MethodsWe carried out semi-structured interviews with 18 professionals involved in various aspects of developing or using visualizations of biomarker data for decision making in clinical trials. We used an inductive thematic analysis to identify implicit and explicit ideas within the data captured from the interviews. ResultsWe identified 6 primary themes, including: how visualizations were used in clinical trials; the importance of having a clear understanding of the underlying data; the purpose or use of the visualization, and the properties of the visualizations themselves. The results show that participants’ ‘trust’ in the visualization depends on access to the underlying data, and that there is currently no standard or straightforward way to support this access. ConclusionsIncorporating information about data provenance into biomarker-related visualizations used for decision making in clinical trials may increase users’ trust, and therefore facilitate the decision making process.

The Factors that Drive Forestry Export Ties: A Network Perspective

Forestry exports are considered one of the major drivers of forest loss worldwide, especially for developing nations. Building on these insights, this article considers the factors that explain forestry flows using a network perspective. Using network data from measuring forestry export flows between all nations from 1997 to 2012, this article offers an explanation for what factors contribute to the network ties of exporting nations in the global forestry network. Fixed effects negative binomial regression analysis for a panel of 94 low- and middle-income nations shows that economic and neo-institutional factors are the strongest predictors of forestry export network ties. The findings have important theoretical and methodological implications. Future research may aim to incorporate more explicit ideas of social connectedness to their cross-national analyses by integrating a network perspective.

Introductory Discussion on Microeconomics

Here, the article will describe the definition of various types of microeconomics. The usefulness of economics are described here. And then the microeconomics’ nature has been described. Besides, microeconomic terms and their descriptions are presented in this article. How the microeconomics are related to the practical life that will be described. The important term production possibility cost with examples are explained here. Explicit ideas about microeconomics you will get here.

Veinte años decisivos en la vida de John Henry Newman: 1826-1845

The article describes Newman's intellectual and religious odyssey from 1826 until October of 1845; from the abandonment of his initial liberalism and evangelism to his entrance into the Catholic Church. It constitutes a long, arduous period during which Newman set up what he was to call "the question" between the Anglican and the Catholic Churches. Newman's "question", involving his own personal search for religious truth, rested on the apparent dilemma of whether to concede priority to the "Church" (Roman-Catholic) , or if one's principal concern should be for doctrinal purity, this latter being a primary concern in the Anglican way. Newman would ultimately conclude that the dilemma did not really exist and that to achieve and maintain Christian doctrinal purity it was necessary to revere the authority of the "existing Church". This is an historical-doctrinal investigation. It is not precisely a biography of Newman during those twenty decisive years. It does not, for example, touch on many points of family ancl academic life relevant to his life at Oxford and the Tractarian Movement which are only brought up when considered as being influential on Newman's religious and spiritual development leading to his conversion. All available sources were made use of in an attempt not only to narrate the course of his conversion but also to throw light on it. The acknowledged insufficicient documentary value of Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864), which for reasons of literary genre, among others, does not describe all of the aspects of a story so rich in events, required the author to search through other relevant material. The author drew on Newman's correspondence edited by Anne Mozley in 1893 and later by Ch. S. Dessain from 1966-1977, as well as all works published by Newman prior to 1845 and writings of a later date which contain retrospective considerations of special interest to the theme. The investigation clarifies events which occurred prior to the Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine and Signals the appearance of Newman's first explicit ideas relevant to this area of his thought. The article points out material for study in Newman concerning the question of dialogue between churches, as he conceived it at various times. The study, as a whole, allows for an understanding of the spiritual and intellectual "iter" of a consistent man, who obeying a demanding interior command, honorably did what he found necessary after a long process of study and meditation. In 1845 Newman finally found the one, true Church. For his good Anglican friends, he had simply been transplanted to another part of the vineyard.