Explanatory Material Research Articles

AI 디지털교과서 개발: 정책 현황과 주요 이슈

This study explores the current status and challenges of education policies related to the development of AI Digital Textbook in South Korea. It aims to gather foundational data to support the improvement and innovation of education policies amidst the transition to a digital education system. The research methodology included a scoping review using press releases, explanatory materials from the Ministry of Education, and documents from affiliated research institutions. The findings of the study are as follows. First, setting 2023 as the starting point for digital education innovation, the Ministry of Education has been promoting policies for the development of AI Digital Textbook, aiming to provide customized learning support for students. In the process of implementing these policies, establishing the legal status of AI digital textbooks and building institutional frameworks in collaboration with EdTech companies have been identified as key initiatives. Second, it was revealed that the Ministry of Education has established a T.O.U.C.H Teacher Group to drive innovation in digital-based education. This group is expected to grow members by 2025, with relevant training in a bootcamp format, with a focus on leading the transition to digital education. In addition, the study discusses emerging issues related to teachers and various aspects of AI Digital Textbook in the context of ongoing policy implementation.

A Learning Model for Explanation Text Literacy Using Flipbook Applications in SMP/MTS

This research aims to develop an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as media in SMP/MTS. The background to this problem 1) How is the planning for an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? 2) How to implement an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? 3) What is the effectiveness of the explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research and development method with the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The steps of this research consist of, needs analysis, learning model design, learning model development, implementation of learning model products, evaluation of learning model products. Data collection in this research was by collecting data from the results of expert validation questionnaires and questionnaires from student assessments. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results of the validation test by media experts obtained a score of 77.94%, the validation test by language experts obtained a score of 81.25%, the Indonesian language teacher's response score obtained a score of 97.33%, and the average student response obtained a score of 82.13%. The conclusion of this research is that the explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application media in SMP/MTS meets the appropriate criteria to be used as a learning model by students or teachers in Indonesian language subjects with explanatory text material in class VIII SMP/ MTS students.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Practice: Undergraduate Experience

The objective of this article is to assess the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AGI) as a learning tool in clinical practice, as perceived by clinical students of human medicine. To this end, six learning activities were devised and executed, employing diverse pedagogical approaches and AGI tools, with the objective of addressing various facets of clinical practice. These included the creation of explanatory material, literature analysis, the selection of clinical cases for publication, the development of self-assessment questions, the production of explanatory videos, and the creation of scientific posters. These activities were conducted during the clinical internships of the fifth year of the medical curriculum and were evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings indicated that the incorporation of GAI as a pedagogical instrument in the clinical training of medical students yielded a favorable influence on their motivation, self-assurance, satisfaction, competencies, and knowledge. The students identified GAI as a novel, applicable, useful, and transferable tool and expressed interest in continuing to use it in the future. However, the results also indicated that students encountered certain challenges and difficulties in utilizing GAI as a learning tool, including overconfidence, resistance, and a lack of understanding. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence on the use of GAI as a learning tool for undergraduate medical students' clinical practices, and contributes to the knowledge base regarding the possibilities and challenges of GAI application in higher education.

Use of simulations to dynamize the implementation of adaptive Flipped classrooms in physics courses

With the development of technology, with young people being the biggest consumers of it, the learning activity takes on different methods and approaches. Among these approaches, we can talk about virtual learning using learning management systems and the concept of flipped classroom. The Moodle platform represents one of these systems. In this paper, we analyze the teaching-learning process based on an adaptive flipped classroom applicable to both hybrid and virtual learning, which can be combined with the Moodle platform to provide students with content adapted to their level of knowledge and skills. Relates the experience with the use of Physics simulation software in the university environment, particularly applications of electromagnetism, optics and modern Physics. They are used as explanatory teaching material or for students to interact with the software at home. In addition, the implementation of the flipped classroom was carried out in the second year of the Industrial Engineering career of the regular daytime course following the methodological process that was presented.

Quizziz sebagai Alat Penilaian Teks Eksplanasi pada Peserta Didik di Kelas VIII B SMPN 2 Semarang

Learning is an activity that results in a change from those who do not know to know, from those who are unable to become capable. While learning refers to two concepts, namely learning and teaching. When the learning process takes place there will definitely be students who are not interested in the learning material delivered by the teacher. To overcome this, teachers must make innovations and updates in learning so that students can get motivation to learn and a pleasant learning atmosphere so that it is easier to accept material. Technology in the world of education is a learning system that supports learning so that learning becomes fun and achieves the desired results. Many learning platforms on the internet can be accessed for free, one of which is Quizziz. Quizizz is a platform for creating an interactive quiz game that can be used in class or outside the classroom in the form of homework. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with class VIII B students at SMPN 2 Semarang as the subject. Data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The data analysis technique that the researcher used included three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding data. The results that the researchers got from the application of Quizziz as an explanatory text assessment tool for class VIII B students at SMPN 2 Semarang. interactive quiz media on explanatory text material at SMPN 2 Semarang shows that the use of the Quizziz application is beneficial for teachers and students even though there are still drawbacks.

The Use of Audio-Visual Media on Student Learning Interest in Explanatory Text Material

Background. The use of audio-visual media in education has gained increasing attention due to its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. In Indonesian language instruction, particularly in teaching explanatory text material, there is a need to explore innovative methods to improve student interest and comprehension. Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using audio-visual media on students' interest in learning explanatory text material in class VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Hiliduho. Method. A qualitative research method with a descriptive approach was employed. The study involved 20 students from class VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Hiliduho. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Results. The use of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest and understanding of explanatory text material. Students demonstrated improved ability in determining appropriate terms and adjusting explanatory texts to their proper structure and characteristics. Audio-visual media, such as PowerPoint presentations and videos, made the material more engaging and comprehensible, facilitating a more efficient learning process. Students using audio-visual media showed higher levels of engagement compared to those who did not, as they were able to follow the learning flow more effectively. Conclusion. The findings suggest that audio-visual media play a crucial role in enhancing the learning experience for students studying explanatory text material. Teachers reported that these tools aided in more effective content delivery. The increased student engagement and improved understanding of the material highlight the potential of audio-visual media as a valuable instructional tool in Indonesian language education, particularly for explanatory text instruction.

Digital Teaching Materials for Explanatory Texts to Strengthen Critical Thinking for High School Students

This research aims to develop digital teaching materials for explanatory texts to strengthen high school students' critical thinking. Formulation of the problem of this research (1) How do digital explanatory text teaching materials strengthen critical thinking? (2) What are the results of implementing digital explanatory text teaching materials to strengthen critical thinking? This research uses research and development methods with the ADDIE model. The steps in this research consist of needs analysis, designing digital teaching materials, developing digital teaching materials, implementing digital teaching material products, and evaluating digital teaching material products. The method for collecting data in this research is by collecting data from the results of expert validation questionnaires and student assessment questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results of the design of digital teaching materials for explanatory texts to strengthen high school students' critical thinking consist of cover, material, post-material, Canva video, and accompanied by musical instruments that can be accessed using a computer or smartphone. The results of product assessments by validity experts (materials, media and teachers) as well as the results of student questionnaires regarding digital teaching material products with explanatory texts are stated in the "feasible" category. Test results in the implementation of explanatory text digital teaching materials to strengthen students' critical thinking at MA Al-Zaytun and SMAN 1 Gantar, the average student score has increased compared to before implementing explanatory text digital teaching materials. The conclusion of this research is that the results of tests and questionnaires on digital teaching materials for explanatory texts to strengthen high school students' critical thinking are categorized as having improved. The respondents' assessment indicates that the digital teaching material product, explanatory text for enhancing high school students' critical thinking, meets the necessary criteria for use by students or teachers.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Eksplanasi Berbantuan Aplikasi Canva Pada Siswa Kelas VIII

This research aims to, (1) determine the process of developing teaching materials explanatory text assisted by the Canva application, (2) describes the shape development of explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application, (3) measuring the feasibility of developing assisted explanatory text teaching materials Canva application for class VIII students. This research uses samples as many as 30 students in class VIII-3 at SMP Al-Washliyah 30 Sukoharjo Medan with the research and development (R&D) method developed by Sugiyono 2017 with stages of potential and problems, data collection, design product, product validation, product revision, and product testing. Instruments that used inthis research is the Likert scale on the material validation questionnaire, media, teacher assessment, and student responses. The research results show that Explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application for class VIII SMP students including the "very good" criteria which can be seen from the validation of the material to obtain a score 94.25% in the "very good" category, media validation received a score of 95% with the "very good" category, and the teacher's assessment of the subject area received a score 97.5% in the "very good" category. Therefore it can be concluded that Explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application are suitable for use in the learning process.

웹드라마를 활용한 한국어 준말형 조사 교육 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to consider the theory of abbreviated form of particles, to analyze the frequency of use and to identify limitations or problems in the current state of education to propose an effective educational plan for abbreviated form of particles, which are difficult and colloquial grammar for foreign learners. Methods First, information about Korean abbreviated form of particles was organized based on previous research and the contents of Korean orthography. And based on it the subject of this study was selected. Subsequently, the forms and frequency of abbreviated forms of particles used by native Korean speakers in their daily lives were examined through web drama script analysis. In addition, in order to propose efficient education content for foreign learners, the actual state of abbreviated forms of particles in the dialogues in Korean language textbooks was analyzed. And it was also confirmed whether the explanation of the ‘abbreviated forms of particles’ was presented in the ‘grammar’ section. Subsequently, after comparing abbreviated forms of particles that appeared high in web drama and Korean textbooks, teaching and learning procedures were systematically proposed. Results The results are as follows: firstly, it was confirmed that native language speakers frequently use abbreviated form of particles through analysis of web dramas. Especially the abbreviated form of the particle ‘eun’ is used most frequently. On the other hand, the frequency of use of the particle ‘i’ was the lowest. Subsequently, in Korean textbook dialogues, abbreviated form of particles appeared with a similar frequency of use. However the forms of combinations such as ‘statement + particle’, ‘verb + particle + particle’ or ‘verb + ending + particle’ in web-dramas were more diverse. Unfortunately, in Korean textbooks these various forms of abbreviated form of particles was not appear frequently, and there was almost no explanatory section or materials showing how to use them. Conclusions Currently, there is a lack of presentation or explanation of various types of abbreviated form of particles in Korean language textbooks. Accordingly, in this paper, we recognized the need for education on abbreviated form of particles that are actually frequently used by native Korean speakers. In order to teach abbreviated forms of particles frequently used in spoken Korean, a framework for educational content was proposed by analyzing web drama lines, which are actual data.

2022 개정 기술과 교육과정 개발과 주요 특징

The purpose of this study was to develop the 2022 revised technology and curriculum. The study was divided into primary and secondary research according to the government's curriculum development process. The research methods used in this study included literature research, expert consultation, Delphi survey, and policy consultation. One of the most important features of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum development is that the participation of professors at technology teacher training institutions and current technology teachers increased compared to the previous curriculum. As a result of this participation and discussion, the results of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum development study were derived. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the middle school technology curriculum was developed into two major areas: technological problem solving and innovation, and sustainable technology and convergence. Second, the high school technology curriculum was composed and developed with technology and home economics as general electives, robots and the world of engineering as career electives, and creative engineering design and general intellectual property as convergence electives. Third, all curriculum were developed by dividing them into changed content elements: knowledge/understanding, process/skill, value/attitude, and achievement standards were developed through combination of content elements. Fourth, the high school technology curriculum strengthened the nature of the engineering field and attempted to preserve the purpose of the high school credit system. The development process and main features of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum can be used as explanatory material for future curriculum implementation, monitoring of future curriculum, and basic data for the next curriculum.

Parents of children with Down syndrome reflect on their postnatal diagnoses, 2003-2022.

A 2003 survey revealed the scope of mothers' dissatisfaction with their postnatal support following a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). Substantial proportions of mothers reported that providers conveyed diagnoses with pity, emphasized negative aspects of DS, and neglected to provide adequate materials explaining DS. This study follows up on the 2003 survey by assessing whether parents' experiences have improved. Four DS nonprofit organizations, which participated in the original study, distributed a mixed-methods survey to families who have had children with DS between 2003 and 2022. Quantitative analysis assessed correlations among responses and differences between the 2003 and 2022 survey groups. Open-ended responses were qualitatively analyzed. Compared to the 2003 findings, parents' perceptions of their postnatal care have not improved (N = 89). Parents are increasingly likely to report that their providers pitied them, omitted positive aspects of DS, and provided insufficient materials describing DS. Substantial proportions of parents reported fear (77%) and anxiety (79%), only 24% described receiving adequate explanatory materials, and parents were 45% likelier to report that physicians discussed negative aspects of DS than positive aspects. Qualitatively, substantial numbers of parents recounted insensitive conduct by providers. These results suggest that despite interventions, parents' experiences of postnatal diagnoses of DS have not improved over time. Certain provider behaviors-such as describing positive aspects of DS and providing comprehensive explanatory materials-can reduce fear and anxiety, pointing to directions for reform.

COUNTERING RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA IN THE UKRAINIAN INFORMATION SPACE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ELECTRONIC RESOURCE OF THE CENTRE FOR COUNTERING DISINFORMATION AT THE NSDC OF UKRAINE)

The Russian disinformation in the information space of Ukraine is analyzed in the article. Using the example of the electronic resource of the Centre for Countering Disinformation at the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, the author examines the legislative principles and practical tools for implementing the Information Security Strategy of Ukraine. Three areas of work of the CCD in the field of detection, analysis and disproval of disinformation and propaganda messages that pose a direct threat to the national security of Ukraine are highlighted. The information aspect of the CCD’s activity was studied It informs about events such as seminars and trainings. Particular attention is paid to the analytical direction of work, which consisted of researching various processes, phenomena and theses of Russian propaganda. The third area of work is defined as educational with explanatory and reference materials. It was concluded that the materials can`t be used to prove the existence of a comprehensive and integrated measure to combat propaganda. There are attempts to systematize and summaries anti-Ukrainian propaganda, and to spread public understanding of information risks and impacts. A strong feature of the approach taken by the CCD is a successful attempt to analyze the content of propaganda messages, develop methods for refuting them, and work to prevent disinformation. The significance of the subject and unresolved problems give an opportunity for further studies and has prospects for the future.

Evaluatingstudents Perception on Learning to Write Video-Based Explanatory Text

Perception is a perspective that influences a person's decision-making regarding something being thought about and done. In the learning process, perceptions can positively or negatively impact students' mastery of the material and motivation. This research aims to determine students' perceptions of learning explanatory texts using videos. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique in this research is carried out using questionnaires. This research indicates that students' perceptions of learning explanatory texts with the help of animated videos are positive. All aspects of animated learning videos measured in the context of descriptive text learning received positive responses. Students' positive reaction to the animated video in learning explanatory text shows that the animated video can stimulate and has the potential for students to be more productive in learning and mastering explanatory text material.

Interpreting IFRS: The Evolving Role of Agenda Decisions

This study examines the evolution of the interpretative support provided by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IC), the interpretative body of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), over the period 2002–2019. The study focuses on its most frequent output, agenda decisions (ADs), which can provide guidance that practice has long considered relevant and has been explicitly considered authoritative since 2020. We investigate whether the IC has provided additional guidance and changed the formulation of ADs over time in response to constituents’ criticism from the perspective of legitimacy theory. We find that the IC has progressively added more explanatory material and formulated ADs in a more complete and nuanced manner so as to gain consequential legitimacy by substantially addressing the constituents’ interpretation demands. This evolution points to the growing role of ADs, which strike a balance between difficult to reconcile objectives. Providing more substantial support to constituents’ submissions can be seen as a balancing act between a more explicit shift from principles to rules, and leaving room for local interpretations that could threaten the consistent application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In shedding light on the IC's substantial response to the challenges posed by conflicting pressures and objectives, we add to the standard‐setting literature by providing evidence‐based insights into under‐researched areas of IFRS interpretation. We also respond to calls for more policy‐oriented research and offer two proposals to enhance the clarity of ADs in the light of their evolving content and increasing relevance.

Analysis Of The Practicality Of Educational Animation Learning Media Based On Linktr.Ee On Explanatory Text Material For 11th Grade Students Of State High School 4 Tanjungpinang For The 2023/2024 Academic Year

Learning media actually aims to make it easier to achieve learning goals. However, easy use will increase the function of the learning media. Therefore, this research aims to see the practicality of educational animation learning media using the Linktr.ee platform in explanatory text material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang for the 2023/2024 academic year. Data was collected through a media practicality questionnaire by students involving 6 students for small groups and 30 students for large groups. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive methods. The results of this research show that educational animated learning media using the Linktr.ee platform is very good for use in learning with the percentage of trials with students showing an average of 93% with the criteria “very practical” from small groups and an average of 84% with the criteria “very practical” from a large group.

DNA supercoiling in bacteria: state of play and challenges from a viewpoint of physics based modeling.

DNA supercoiling is central to many fundamental processes of living organisms. Its average level along the chromosome and over time reflects the dynamic equilibrium of opposite activities of topoisomerases, which are required to relax mechanical stresses that are inevitably produced during DNA replication and gene transcription. Supercoiling affects all scales of the spatio-temporal organization of bacterial DNA, from the base pair to the large scale chromosome conformation. Highlighted in vitro and in vivo in the 1960s and 1970s, respectively, the first physical models were proposed concomitantly in order to predict the deformation properties of the double helix. About fifteen years later, polymer physics models demonstrated on larger scales the plectonemic nature and the tree-like organization of supercoiled DNA. Since then, many works have tried to establish a better understanding of the multiple structuring and physiological properties of bacterial DNA in thermodynamic equilibrium and far from equilibrium. The purpose of this essay is to address upcoming challenges by thoroughly exploring the relevance, predictive capacity, and limitations of current physical models, with a specific focus on structural properties beyond the scale of the double helix. We discuss more particularly the problem of DNA conformations, the interplay between DNA supercoiling with gene transcription and DNA replication, its role on nucleoid formation and, finally, the problem of scaling up models. Our primary objective is to foster increased collaboration between physicists and biologists. To achieve this, we have reduced the respective jargon to a minimum and we provide some explanatory background material for the two communities.

Module Development of Teaching Materials for Explanation Text Materials in Indonesian Language Subjects to Increase the Reading Interest of Students in Class V Elementary School


 
 
 
 Modules are learning materials that are designed in accordance with the applicable curriculum and are intended to achieve predetermined competency standards. Modules can be used to support subject matter, as well as make learning more interesting and fun. This study aims to develop a teaching material module for explanatory text material to increase students' interest in reading, to find out the assessments of three experts and the opinions of teachers and fifth grade elementary school students. In this study using the type of learning design development research or R&D using the ADDIE module. The subjects of this study consisted of three experts (materials experts, linguists and media experts) as well as fifth grade elementary school students. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire given to three experts obtained through research results, namely qualitative data which was analyzed using quantitative data in the form of numerical data. The results of this study are, to produce a module product of explanatory text material that meets very good criteria with the acquisition of an average validation score from three validators obtaining a value of 99% with a very feasible category to use, and a practicality level of 90% is in the very practical criteria and the level of effectiveness with an average of 91.8% is in the very effective category. The teaching material module of explanatory text material is feasible, practical and effective for use in learning.
 
 
 

PENERAPAN MEDIA APLIKASI CANVA PADA TEKS EKSPLANASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 4 CIMAHI

Teaching materials that are usually used only use Power Point, so there is another application that can be used to make teaching materials that are useful for educators, namely the Canva application. In the Canva application there are many templates and image supporting indicators that we will choose according to the material that will be taught to students. The Canva application can be a solution so that students don't feel bored in learning, of course, in Explanatory Text material, because this material explains natural, social, and cultural phenomena. The Canva application media can be a place for students to be creative and think critically in making examples of Explanatory Text based on the Canva application. This research was conducted face to face with a sample of students in class XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 4 Cimahi. Learning activities are carried out using the Project Based Learning model. The research results show 1). Design of using the Canva application media on explanatory text material, 2). Student worksheet score results after using the Canva application, 3). The results of the questionnaire showing the effectiveness of using the Canva application media were in the very good category, 95% of students said that teaching materials and work on worksheets with the help of the Canva application media made it very easy, quick to understand, and creative.

Monitoring of use in court decisions the concept-category to vehicle of tax criminal offences

The article assesses the compliance of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of tax criminal offences with court decisions in criminal proceedings on these offences. In particular, court decisions in criminal proceedings on tax evasion and duties (mandatory payments) over the past three years, issued by the courts of first instance and appellate courts, as well as legal positions of the Supreme Court were analysed. The tendency of unjustified reduction of attention to tax criminal offences by law enforcement authorities was revealed, which is manifested in the lack of explanatory materials and recommendations for court proceedings, as well as by lawmakers. The article points out theoretical problems related to the lack of a common understanding of concepts and terminology; regulatory and legal problems related to the ambiguity of criminal, criminal procedure and tax legislation; law enforcement problems caused by the complexity of proceedings in cases of tax offences and unequal interpretation of laws. The author’s vision of the ways to improve the use of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of tax criminal offences in court decisions is expressed. In particular, this concerns: the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of cross-sectoral terminology; consistency in the interpretation of concepts and categories of tax, criminal, and criminal procedure law; elimination of conflicts in cross-sectoral legal regulation; and raising the awareness of judges in the tax area (specialisation in tax cases in local courts (in particular, in administrative and criminal cases related to taxation)); the development of criteria for the quality of court decisions and the introduction of disciplinary liability of judges for systematically passing unmotivated decisions cancelled by a higher court; updating research on the quality of court decisions in criminal proceedings of all court instances in the context of criminal offences in the field of taxation.

RESTORATION OF KNIVES OF COMPOSITE PLOUGHSHARES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COMPANY «LEMKEN»)

The orientation of Russian agriculture to the use of imported machinery has led to negative consequences. The introduction of sanctions by European states led to an increase in the market price of replaceable parts and an increase in scarcity. The way out of this situation is to organize workshops for the restoration of worn parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing and describing in detail (with explanatory illustrative materials) the technological process of restoring knives of composite ploughshares. (Materials and methods) We have determined that it is necessary to ensure minimum economic costs; simplicity of operations; the ability to perform technology elements by low-skilled personnel; simplicity and availability of materials, tools, fixtures and equipment. (Results and discussion) The technological process was based on the method of repair inserts, which are welded to the knife instead of the worn area. Inserts can be made from discarded spring sheets having a hardness of about 45 on the Rockwell scale. It was established that the restoration process consists of three stages: preparation of the knife for restoration; preparation of the insert; restoration. They have shown that the technological process is simple, versatile, there is no need for complex equipment and can be implemented in enterprises with minimal technical equipment. It can be adapted to restore the knives of ploughshares of other companies. It was noted that this technology fits into the import substitution program. (Conclusions) The developed technology of restoration of knives of composite ploughshares of the Lemken company was presented in a text version and in illustrations. The technology is characterized by simplicity of execution, versatility and can be adapted for the repair of knives from other companies.