Viewpoints Of Experts Research Articles

Aspects and Influence of Social Media Marketing in Today’s World: A Review of Scholarly Articles

Social media has carried out a lot of value additions for different stakeholders in today’s world. However, comprehensive literature reviews on different aspects of social media marketing are quite a few. Also, researchers working in this burgeoning area are eager to know the opinion of past researchers. For this article, a systematic literature review of scholarly articles, related to social media marketing, had been done to collect, examine and analyze previous studies related to social media marketing. Overall, the paper has tried to present a holistic viewpoint of experts on social media marketing.

Optimal land allocation to crop production in different decision priorities and water availability scenarios: East Azerbaijan province of Iran

ABSTRACT Optimal cropping pattern of Maragheh-Bonab plain was determined in different decision priorities (from viewpoint of farmers and experts) and annually water availability scenarios [60, 80 and 100 MCM (million cubic meters)/year]. Goal programming model was applied to the optimization of cropping pattern with considering eight goals. In the optimal cropping pattern from viewpoint of farmers, water consumption was reduced compared to existing condition about 42%, 32%, and 3% at 60, 80, and 100 MCM/year scenarios, respectively. While, from viewpoint of experts, this reduction was about 55%, 32%, and 32% for 60, 80, and 100 MCM/year scenarios, respectively. At 60 MCM/year scenario, total net return was calculated lower than the existing cropping pattern about 11% and 45% from the viewpoint of farmers and experts, respectively. However, optimization at 80 and 100 MCM/year scenarios, increased total net return compared to existing condition about 14% and 24% from the viewpoint of farmers and 14% and 14% from the viewpoint of experts, respectively. In the optimal cropping patterns, despite lower water consumption, the amount of net return, economic water productivity, economic energy, and land productivity increased against a decrease in employment, global warming potential, and environmental impacts of pesticides in the whole area.

A proposed concept based on the viewpoint of education experts for the development of secondary education in Iraq: تصورٌ مقترحٌ لتطويرِ التعليمِ الثانوي في العراقِ منْ وجهةِ نظرِ خبراءِ التربيةِ والتعليمِ

The aim of this research is to present a proposed concept based on the viewpoint of education experts for the development of secondary education in Iraq. The researcher sought to get acquainted with its reality and identify the problems which faces. The descriptive analytical methodology had been used, where the research tool as a questionnaire consisted of (30) items distributed in five areas: school buildings and equipment, curriculum and teaching methods, teaching staff preparation and training, evaluation and exams, and students. The research questionnaire sample consisted of a group of experts who were chosen intentionally, amounting to (50) experts. Those who were of scientific positions, experts in secondary education and those who practiced education and supervision in the secondary schools and university levels, for a period of nearly (40) years. Moreover, their experiences were in various universities and governorates. The results of the research revealed that the mathematical averages at the device field reached (4.32), at the level of buildings and educational equipment reached (4.35), the field of curriculum and teaching methods as well as the field of teachers (4.41), meanwhile the field of evaluation and exams reached (4.35) and the field of students got (4.12). Based on these obtained results, this perception concept has been proposed for the development of secondary education in Iraq. The researcher suggested conducting other studies to benefit from the experiences of countries that fought similar recent wars, to show how to overcome their crises. Finally, the researcher recommended applying the proposed methodology on the teacher’s side, first of all being the cornerstone of the educational process.

COVID-19 policy responses: reflections on governmental financial resilience in South Asia

PurposeFirst, the paper examines the short-term fiscal and budgetary responses of the South Asian governments to the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, it brings out the implications of such responses, focusing on India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on multiple secondary data sources, including the viewpoints of experts and government officials. Data are analysed using the ideas of financial resilience.FindingsSouth Asian governments' response to the pandemic shows a gap in understanding the magnitude of the problem and in developing financial resilience. This paper points out the importance of avoiding austerity, becoming more cautious in accepting lending conditions, rethinking public sector accountability and revitalising mutual collaboration through SAARC for developing financial resilience, both at individual country and regional levels.Originality/valueThe study offers some insights on policy implications for South Asian governments in terms of building financial resilience to deal with future crises.

Are we seeing clearly? The need for aligned vision and supporting strategies to deliver net-zero electricity systems

This paper explores the trends, step changes and innovations that could impact the integration of renewable energy into electricity systems, explores interventions that may be required, and identifies key areas for policy makers to consider. A Delphi approach is used to collect, synthesise, and seek consensus across expert viewpoints. Over sixty experts across a range of geographies including the US, Europe, New-Zealand, Australia, Africa, India and China participated. They identified 26 trends, 20 step changes, and 26 innovations that could lead to major shifts in the design, operation, or management of electricity systems. Findings suggest that key challenges are not technological. Instead they are with delivering an aligned vision, supported by institutional structures, to incentivise, facilitate, and de-risk the delivery of a completely different type of energy system. There is a clear role for government and policy to provide a future energy vision and steer on strategic issues to deliver it; to create space for new actors and business models aligned with this vision; and to create an environment where research, development, demonstration and deployment can promote technologies, system integration and business model innovation at a rate commensurate with delivering net-zero electricity systems.

Intervención de la terapia del lenguaje en las alteraciones deglutorias y de la voz en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Introducción: En Costa Rica, la incidencia de cáncer de cabeza y cuello para el año 2016 fue de 68,3%, con una mortalidad por esta causa del 25,4%. Este tipo de cáncer se origina en las vías aerodigestivas, tiroides y glándulas salivares y genera alteraciones muy importantes en la deglución y la generación de la voz. Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir la intervención de terapia del lenguaje en las alteraciones deglutorias y de la voz en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa basada en la revisión bibliográfica de artículos de revisión en inglés y español, libros publicados a partir del año 2000 al 2019 y el criterio de expertos, por ejemplo, terapeutas del lenguaje quienes han trabajado en la intervención de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Se utilizaron como motores de búsqueda Pubmed, Medline y Biblioteca de la Universidad Santa Paula; los descriptores utilizados fueron head and neck cancer, OR cancer treatment OR chemotherapy OR radiotherapy AND dysphagia OR disturbances in voice OR phonation OR deglution OR breathing OR vocal cords AND Therapy. Se revisaron un total de 25 artículos y se incluyeron 11 que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: según los artículos revisados y el criterio de las terapeutas del lenguaje de Costa Rica, en la intervención de las alteraciones deglutorias, se utilizan técnicas compensatorias (cambios posturales, la modificación de consistencia, la modificación del volumen y velocidad de presentación del bolo) y técnicas de rehabilitación (maniobras deglutorias, ejercicios específicos para la movilidad orofacial, técnicas de facilitación y terapia miofuncional), cuanto a las alteraciones de voz, se utilizan técnicas como la higiene vocal, trabajo vocal y las maniobras posturales. Conclusión: en Costa Rica las cifras del CCC equivalen al 3,5% en la población masculina y un 12% en las mujeres. Estos pacientes generalmente reciben tratamiento médico, el cual ocasiona efectos secundarios que pueden provocar alteraciones deglutorias y de la voz. El Terapeuta del Lenguaje cumple una función clave para pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de cabeza y cuello, ya que debe identificar y rehabilitar las alteraciones deglutorias y de la voz resultantes de la patología o su tratamiento, mediante técnicas compensatorias y de rehabilitación, técnicas de higiene vocal, trabajo vocal y maniobras posturales.

Modelling the enablers of industry 4.0 in the Indian manufacturing industry

PurposeThe vision of Industry 4.0 concept is to create smart factories that will change the current processes of production and manufacturing system using smart machines to produce smart and intelligent products. The main aim of this research is to explore the enablers with regard to Industry 4.0 application in manufacturing industry in India as the available literature shows that manufacturing sector is still doubtful about the implementation of Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachSeventeen enablers that can affect the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing industry in India have been explored through an extensive review of available literature and viewpoints of industry and academic experts. Total Interpretive Structural Modelling methodology (TISM) has been used to evaluate the interrelationships among these factors. A TISM model has been developed to extract the key enablers influencing Industry 4.0 adoption.FindingsThe result shows that Internet facility from government at reduced price, financial support and continued specialized skills training are the major enablers as they have strong driving power.Practical implicationsProper understanding of these enablers will help the managers and policymakers to explore the impact of each enabler on other enablers as well as the degree of relationships among them and to take concrete steps so that Industry 4.0 can be implemented successfully in the manufacturing sector in India.Originality/valueThis study is pioneer in exploring the enablers Industry 4.0 which is the most advanced concept that has the capability to change the future of Indian manufacturing sector if implemented judiciously and cautiously.

Antirheumatic drugs for COVID-19 treatment based on the phases of the disease: Current concept.

COVID-19 disease is the most recent pandemic, since it has affected more than four and a half million people and caused more than 300,000 deaths. It is a very complex systemic disease in terms of pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. Pharmacological treatment may include antiviral and antimalarial drugs, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids as well as low-molecular-weight heparins to prevent the evolution of the disease from reaching the severe inflammatory phase that can lead to respiratory complications, multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and finally death. Therefore, pending the development of the much sought-after vaccine, there needs to be a multidisciplinary approach to tackling this disease, and it is essential to use different medical treatments at the correct pathogenic moment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the rationale and reason behind the use of antirheumatic drugs, by expert point of view, in the various phases of the disease. Another important aspect in the management of the disease is to identify patients at high risk, both to change their lifestyle and to correct the state of their health through non-pharmacological measures for improving their immuno-balance. Our literature review reveals the important role and the therapeutic potential of antirheumatic agents in preventing the progression of the disease and aiding recovery from the disease. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence to support the use of these agents, indicating that further randomized controlled studies are required.

Development of a land suitability model for citrus cultivation using GIS and multi-criteria assessment techniques in Antalya province of Turkey

Abstract Location selection for citrus orchards is an important topic in terms of sustainable agriculture policies, agricultural planning, and community. This study presents a model to evaluate land suitability for cultivation of citrus in Antalya Province of Turkey. The aim of this study is to provide a Geographical Information System-Multi Criteria Evaluation based spatial decision support system, taking into account the viewpoints of local citrus growers and experts. 13 exclusion criteria, 3 main evaluation criteria (13 sub-criteria), and 52 value ranges were determined for citrus land suitability analysis. Analytic Hierarchy Process was utilised to calculate the weights of evaluation criteria. Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation approach was used to estimate the values of meteorological parameters. Thematic maps were presented for each of the criteria and final suitability map was prepared using Weighted Overlay method in Geographic Information System environment. The final suitability thematic map showed that the suitable zones (1281.19 km2) for citrus cultivation were located in the coastal regions of Antalya province. The average temperature in the winter season was determined to be the most important sub-criteria for citrus cultivation, followed by elevation, the average temperature in the flowering period, land use capability, daily average sunshine time, annual average precipitation, proximity to irrigation ponds and dam lakes and others. Most of the cultivated citrus orchards often coincided with the appropriate sites presented as a result of the study, and most of these sites were generally classified as high and moderate suitable zones. This study will be an important and useful regional guideline in terms of agricultural land use planning, citrus orchards management and community.

Comparative Study on Physical Education Laws and Regulations Literature of Chinese and Japanese Schools

By using the methods of document literature, induction and synthesis, this paper makes a literature review and comparative study on the relevant research of school physical education laws and regulations in China and Japan. Japan is a developed country of school physical education in the world. In the process of building school physical education laws and regulations, there are some methods and ideas to solve school physical education problems. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the relevant research on Japanese school physical education laws and regulations and to sum up their experience and lessons. This paper quotes the viewpoints of Chinese and Japanese experts and scholars, and makes a literature review on the research of school physical education laws and regulations in Japan from the aspects of the course of construction of school physical education laws and regulations, the system of laws and regulations, legislation, justice, law enforcement, law abiding, content and problems, and comparative study.

An investigation on shaping local waste management services based on public participation: A case study of Amol, Mazandaran Province, Iran

Iranian northern cities neighboring the Caspian Sea are dealing with several environmental and public health issues. One of them being high volume of waste generated in the region and the waste management system is based on conventional routines such as open dumping. This research proposes modifying the current waste management process based on active participation of citizens and considering the local people and expert's viewpoints. The case study is Amol city located in Mazandaran province in north of Iran. The survey outcomes have been evaluated based on both quantitative and qualitative methods including descriptive statistics methods, thematic and SWOT analysis.The results indicate that the occupational status of citizens is correlated with their satisfaction of urban management services. Pearson correlation coefficient shows a direct relationship between citizen participation and municipal waste management service qualities. More than 58% of respondents have stated that public participation in waste separation from the source has been below satisfactory. Nevertheless, more than 98% of respondents have shown positive approach towards active participation in waste separation from source while generating lower amount of waste. The modified pattern of waste management process covers all three stages namely, waste generation, its transportation, and its final disposal. In addition, different aspects of active participation in the process of waste management by the citizens is considered. The Proposed pattern can be a roadmap for local urban managers to facilitate the public participation in Amol and other cities, with similar socio-economic profiles.

Challenges to the Implementation of Interprofessional Education in Health Profession Education in Iran.

BackgroundChanges in the structure and nature of health care highlight the need for better collaboration between professions focusing on patient or health-care users. Interprofessional education (IPE) has attracted a lot of attention at the international level, and its positive consequences in different areas of health care have been investigated and approved. This study explored the opinions and viewpoints of professors and experts regarding the challenges to the implementation of interprofessional education in health profession education in Iran in 2018.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted with 15 IPE professors and experts using semi-structured interviews. We used an inductive approach to content analysis as developed by Elo et al. The interviews were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman method by MAXQDA software version 12.ResultsThe main challenges to the implementation of IPE were categorized into educational system, structural and cultural challenges. The educational challenges were the professors’ lack of ability, a non-flexible and single-disciplined curriculum, and weaknesses in the current education. The professors and experts felt that the most important structural challenges included centralism, hierarchy of power, poor educational groundwork, and lack of support of organizations. Cultural challenges mainly related to the attitudes of managers, professors, and even students regarding IPE and the need for change.ConclusionDesigning and implementing IPE in Iran face major challenges. Cultural and attitude issues were the greatest challenges to be addressed in the context of implementing IPE in health-care education.

A socio-psychological model of laser levelling impacts assessment

Application of technologies has an important role in agricultural development. Identifying and assessing the impacts of agricultural technologies is necessary. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of laser levelling economically, socially, environmentally, and technically in the viewpoint of the agricultural experts and identifying factors determining their perception of the impacts. The study samples (151 experts) were selected using multi-stage random sampling in Fars Province, Iran. The results revealed that experts considered uniform distribution of water, using conservation tillage, facilitating agricultural activities, decreased water consumption and decrease of water wasting as the most important technical impacts of laser levelling technology. The most environmentally important impacts were the decrease of soil erosion and retention of crop residues. Experts stated the most significant social impacts as improvement in villages living conditions and sense of belonging to rural areas. Besides, an increase of income and reduction of inputs costs were among the economic impacts of laser levelling technology. According to the results, attitude towards water and soil resources conservation and environmental beliefs had the highest direct effect on individual perception toward impacts. Practical recommendations have been presented based on the results of the study.

Is Post-Soviet water management transformation successful in Kyrgyz Republic? Mapping of perceived problems by water experts

The water management issue in the Kyrgyz Republic has been an unresolved problem for many years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to its complex set of issues. The regional cooperation initiatives over the Naryn-Syr Darya river catchment is yet a debate for many domestic and international experts on how to find a win-win solution for all the transboundary states, such as the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. Some of the problems that the riparian states may have are power asymmetries in negotiation and decision-making processes, inequitable use of benefit-sharing mechanisms over the water resources, and non-consideration of multi-year hydraulic fluctuations in the water distribution and allocation scheme. The study aims to analyze the present situation on the water resource management of the Kyrgyz Republic. Sehring’s model of perceived problems is used to analyze water expert viewpoints and determine how decisions taken in the past may adversely affect the current institutional arrangements development in the water sector in the Kyrgyz Republic. The study concludes that in the current context of water management in the Kyrgyz Republic, a coordinated action of a strong single agency (National Water Administration) is needed to design long-term planning and address the existing challenges in the water sector.

Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions-a viewpoint of experts.

Antimicrobial de-escalation (ADE) is defined as the discontinuation of one or more components of combination empirical therapy, and/or the change from a broad-spectrum to a narrower spectrum antimicrobial. It is most commonly recommended in the intensive care unit (ICU) patient who is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics as a strategy to reduce antimicrobial pressure of empirical broad-spectrum therapy and prevent antimicrobial resistance, yet this has not been convincingly demonstrated in a clinical setting. Even if it appears beneficial, ADE may have some unwanted side effects: it has been associated with prolongation of antimicrobial therapy and could inappropriately be used as a justification for unrestricted broadness of empirical therapy. Also, exposing a patient to multiple, sequential antimicrobials could have unwanted effects on the microbiome. For these reasons, ADE has important shortcomings to be promoted as a quality indicator for appropriate antimicrobial use in the ICU. Despite this, ADE clearly has a role in the management of infections in the ICU. The most appropriate use of ADE is in patients with microbiologically confirmed infections requiring longer antimicrobial therapy. ADE should be used as an integral part of an ICU antimicrobial stewardship approach in which it is guided by optimal specimen quality and relevance. Rapid diagnostics may further assist in avoiding unnecessary initiation of broad-spectrum therapy, which in turn will decrease the need for subsequent ADE.

Psychological Status in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Qualitative Study

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive disease and getting along with the social activities ages have a significant impact on the quality of life and psychological status of these patients. Because the psychological state of patients is an effective factor in the treatment process and life in chronic conditions, The aim of this study was to identify the psychological status of these patients from the viewpoint of patients and experts. Methods: The current qualitative study was conducted in thematic analysis approach. In this study, participated 24 MS patients with maximum diversity in gender, age, illness duration and illness severity, and 8 experts in Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychology and Nursing from Guilan province. Participants were selected by purposive sampling method and Then, the data were gathered through unstructured interviews up to data saturation. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis approach by Attride-Stirling method. Findings: From the total information, three global themes (individual problems, interactive problems, and disease-related problems) were identified. Interactive problems included (interpersonal sensitivity, aggression, sexual, social, and dependence) and disease-related problems (disease reaction). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that MS patients are involved in several psychological problems in the domains include; individual, interactive, and disease-related, Accordingly, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions based on these problems and present for improving the mental status, quality of life and their compatibility.

An empirical study into the limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma in manufacturing and service organisations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical study of the limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma in manufacturing and service companies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed an online survey instrument based on the existing literature addressing the current limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma in manufacturing and service companies. In this study, 75 Six Sigma Master Black Belts, 39 Black Belts and 12 Green Belts from large manufacturing and service companies participated; each of whom is familiar with the Six Sigma topics.FindingsThis study reports the top 5 limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma from the viewpoints of subject matter experts from large manufacturing and service companies from over 20 countries. The main finding is that the top 4 limitations were identical for both manufacturing and service companies. These limitations include: the integration of Six Sigma with Big Data, the use of Six Sigma in small medium and micro-enterprises, an over emphasis of Six Sigma on variability reduction and the poor implementation of Six Sigma and its resultant negative impact on employee satisfaction.Practical implicationsIn order to sustain Six Sigma initiatives in organisations, the authors argue that the limitations and emerging trends of this powerful business strategy should be understood and appropriate remedial strategies developed to address said limitations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study to examine the limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma in both manufacturing and service organisations. Moreover, the findings of the study can be very beneficial to many organisations.

The Border-making Policy of the Europe-an Union: Eastern Enlargement

Having no internal borders, what is a border for the European Union (EU)? Which cri-teria does this powerful organization pursue in its decision-making on further expansion: geographical, political, cultural, economic or all of these? What is the profi t of the Union in advancing its external borders to the east? And why to the east and not the south or west across the Atlantic? Does it still mean that there is the reason for enlarging eastward based on the geographical belonging to Europe?1.This paper discusses the expansion of the European Union to the east with the main focus on its political and economic aspects of integration. The fi rst part includes intro-duction to the concept of Europe, historic background about the formation of the united Europe in terms of geography, culture, politics and economy, juxtaposing opinions and viewpoints of different experts and political scientists on “what is Europe?” and what are the core issues of its enlargement. The second and third parts are dedicated to the advan-tages and disadvantages of European Integration for both parties concerned – the EU and the candidate/member state, in the case of the former having its own “demarcation policy” towards certain regions of the continent when it comes to unifi cation. And the fourth part is about the communication and miscommunication of the informative bodies of the Euro-pean Union that are responsible for public awareness on any process that goes on within the European family. The lack of information results in the ignorance of citizens of Euro-pean and partner countries, which, of course, refl ects on the further processes of expansion on the political level and cultural perception and mentality on the social level.The conclusion sums up the research, and the bibliography lists the books, articles, monographs and Internet sources used in the course of the study.

Selection of additive manufacturing technologies in productive systems: a decision support model

Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM) has seen continued growth in adoption by organizations in recent years, changing production processes, supply chain, maintenance, product development and the global economy. There are several Additive Manufacturing technologies and equipment on the market, however, there are no guidelines, benchmarking or decision support tools for proper selection. After a systematic review of the literature, the lack of propositions that act during the development of the product and process was evidenced. This research focuses on the selection of Additive Manufacturing technologies for a production system. The general objective being to propose a decision support model based on the characteristics of additive technologies and competitive criteria, resulting in a choice aligned with the guidelines of organizations and their production systems. For the operationalization of the model, the AHP techniques and conjoint analysis were used together, where the characteristics of the Additive Manufacturing technologies were related to the competitive criteria for the model to indicate the recommended technology to the production system or organization in question. Finally, the artifact recommended the right technology in three distinct situations, from a vendor, user, and expert point of view. Thus, this research contributes to both academia and business by developing a functional artifact of additive manufacturing technology selection. Also, by contributing to the increased availability of information on the nine most commonly used additive technologies in industry.

Exploring perspectives in assessing the quality of governance of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) pilot project in Cambodia: Use of Q Methodology

Public and policy makers alike are concerned about national and global deforestation and forest degradation. These issues pose a significant threat to social, economic and environmental welfare. Attempts to prevent forest loss and increased attention to pilot REDD+ projects in community forestry sites would both deliver rural livelihood benefits and help to reduce adverse climate impacts. However, there has been no significant exploration of the viewpoints of local experts to determine the monitoring and action needed to support community-based forestry and improve the governance of REDD+ pilot projects in Cambodia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the perceptions of local stakeholders towards the quality of governance of the first community forest REDD+ pilot project in Cambodia, employing Q-methodology. We adapted 11 indicators of the hierarchical framework of assessment of governance quality to design 40 Q-statements related to REDD+ governance or achievements. The 52 P-set ranked these Q-statements with respect to the community-based REDD+ pilot project. Our study revealed that local stakeholders held four distinct, and partially opposite, views, that: (1) the REDD+ project is successful because it is inclusiveness and capable of causing behavioral change; (2) REDD+ pilot projects should be led by government, not external or locally; and needs more resources; (3) the REDD+ pilot project has raised unrealistic expectations, would likely be a source of corruption and will probably not be successful for local people or halting deforestation; and (4) the REDD+ pilot project is inclusive but not very transparent and probably ineffective at protecting forest. Through these four varied perspectives from local people involved in the project, we can see that there remain serious challenges to the future of pilot community forestry REDD+ projects, including the complex interaction between the multinational actors and the local socio-ecological systems. To move forwards, this study suggested Cambodia should make a pro-poor REDD+ program, implementing more community-based REDD+ projects which explicitly build the assets and capacity of the poorest households. This study also shows that Q-methodology can highlight the diverse viewpoints of local stakeholders concerning the quality of community forest REDD+ governance, helping policy makers, implementers and local stakeholders to better identify the challenges to be addressed.