Viewpoints Of Experts Research Articles

Usability evaluation of a comprehensive national health information system: A heuristic evaluation

Abstract Aim to evaluate the usability of a comprehensive national health information system by the heuristic method. Introduction Presently, information systems are widely being used in healthcare settings. Methods Five independent evaluators assessed the user interface design of this system in terms of its compliance with a set of predetermined standard principles, also known as Jakob Nielsen's 10 general principles. Problems were reassessed in the presence of all evaluators, and similar cases were merged and a single list of unique problems was prepared. After a second assessment, the evaluators determined and categorized problem severity in five domains, including: the absence of a problem (zero point), a cosmetic problem (1 point), a minor problem (2 points), a major problem (3 points) and a catastrophic problem (4 points). Data were then analyzed in a spreadsheet using descriptive statistical tests. Results The “recognition rather than recall” principle with 13 problems (21.3% of all cases) had the greatest frequency among all problems, while the “match between system and the real world” and “help and documentation” principles with 1 problem (1.6% of all cases) had the least frequency. Moreover, principles such as “help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors”, “error prevention”, and “help and documentation” had a mean severity of 2.8, 2.8, and 3.4, respectively. Consequently, they were considered as catastrophic and major problems. Conclusions Based on the viewpoint of evaluation experts, a large portion of problems in this system were classified into major and catastrophic categories, which primarily indicates the poor usability of this system. Therefore, it is highly recommended that authorities be notified of the issues in writing in order to resolve them in a future update. Finally, special consideration should be given to the meticulous evaluation of these systems during preliminary stages of design and development, so as to encounter fewer issues on a national level at the time of implementation.

Transparency of the Concepts of Directing and Leadership in Organizational Leadership Theory based on Critical Hermeneutics Theory

Some researchers consider leadership and directing to be equivalent as much as they use them interchangeably. According to the study of the historical course done in this research, this issue has been seen more than ever in recent texts. In this study, the critical hermeneutics of Prasad’s (2005) four-stage model was used. In the first stage, the data was collected from books, and papers related to organizational leadership theory. To this end, 61 definitions of organizational leadership and eight definitions of directing have been collected from the viewpoint of management experts. Ambiguities were raised in the form of questions about the intentions of the authors of the relevant texts. In the second stage, layers of texts were interpreted, and themes and concepts were extracted. In the third stage, to close the hermeneutic cycle, a narrative case was used, which is the personal experience of an organizational leader of the distinction between leadership and directing. The final stage was suggested to the researchers not to consider the words ‘leadership’ and ‘directing’ equivalent or interchangeable. Directing is a part of leadership that is more or less applied depending on the type of leadership style. It is also recommended for experts in marketing, business and economics to use the alternative terms market pioneer and industry director instead of the words market leader and industry leader because obedience to other organizations may be due to duty not influence or follow-up.

Analysis of Some Potential Barriers to Digital Transformation in Egyptian Public Universities from the Viewpoint of IT Experts

هدف الدراسة: هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد قائمة بمعوقات التحول الرقمي المحتملة في ضوء مراجعة الدراسات السابقة، وتحليل العلاقات التفاعلية بين هذه المعوقات وترتيبها وفقاً لدرجة تأثيرها وتأثرها بالمعوقات الأخرى في ضوء آراء خبراء تكنولوجيا المعلومات بالجامعات الحكومية المصرية. تصميم/منهجية/ طريقة الدراسة: تم الاعتماد على منهجية البحوث النوعية Qualitative Research لتحديد معوقات التحول الرقمي المحتملة، وكذلك علاقات التأثير والتأثر، وترتيبها وفقاً لتأثيرها على عملية التحول الرقمي، وذلك باستخدام أسلوب النمذجة الهيكلية التفسيرية Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)، ومنهجية تحليل مضروب مصفوفة التأثير المتبادل المطبق للتصنيف MICMAC بالاعتماد على برنامج R v.4.0.2. عينة الدراسة وبياناتها: لنمذجة العلاقات بين معوقات التحول الرقمي؛ تم الاعتماد على عينة، قوامها 60 اختصاصياً بتكنولوجيا المعلومات، في بعض الجامعات الحكومية المصرية، واعتمد على الاستبانة لتعرف آرائهم حول العلاقات المتداخلة بين معوقات التحول الرقمي. نتائج الدراسة: تبين أن جميع المعوقات الإحدى عشرة المقترحة يمكن أن تعوق عملية التحول الرقمي بالجامعات الحكومية المصرية بدرجات متفاوتة، وقد أمكن ترتيب هذه المعوقات في ضوء علاقات التأثير المتبادل. وأن "خوف العاملين من فقدان الوظيفة (B6)، وعدم الرغبة في التغيير(B5)" يعدّان أكثر المعوقات تأثيراً، بينما يعدّ "صعوبة إقناع المستفيدين بفوائد التحول الرقمي (B2)، و"غياب المعايير والأطر المرجعية التي تنظم المعاملات الرقمية (B3)" من أقل المعوقات تأثيراً على عملية التحول الرقمي، وبينهما تندرج باقي المعوقات.أصالة الدراسة: استخدم البحث أسلوب النمذجة الهيكلية التفسيرية ISM، وتحليل MICMAC، ويعدّ ذلك من بين المحاولات القليلة الأولى لاستكشاف معوقات التحول الرقمي بالجامعات في مصر والدول العربية. ويفيد هذا البحث في مساعدة الأكاديميين والممارسين في فهم ظاهرة التحول الرقمي بشكل أفضل، وإدراك أهمية العلاقات بين معوقات التحول الرقمي وترتيبها، ويجب أن تكون الحلول متكاملة، تأخذ في الاعتبار علاقات التأثير والتأثر بين المعوقات وأولويات مواجهتها.حدود الدراسة وتطبيقاتها: أجريت هذه الدراسة في ضوء عدة محددات، أبرزها تجميع البيانات الأولية المستخدمة في قياس العلاقات المباشرة وغير المباشرة بين معوقات التحول الرقمي، اعتماداً على منهجية البحوث النوعية (وفقاً لآراء الخبراء) باستخدام أساليب بحوث العمليات المتمثلة في أسلوب النمذجة الهيكلية التفسيرية ISM، وتحليل MICMAC، فضلاً عن الحاجة إلى دراسات ميدانية للتحقق من صدق نتائج الدراسة.

Identification and Ranking of Effective Elements in the International Trade of Grains from the Viewpoint of Experts

Identification and Ranking of Effective Elements in the International Trade of Grains from the Viewpoint of Experts

The Signs and Symptoms Comparison of Gastrointestinal Diseases between Classic Medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine: A Hybrid Qualitative Study

Background: Iranian traditional medicine is the oldest form of medical structure and is, in fact, an inseparable part of the life of various Iranian societies. On the other hand, gastrointestinal and liver diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity in the world, including in Iran. Such that 10% of diseases are allocated to them and their diseases are spreading increasingly.
 Objective: Considering the mentioned issues and the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the aim of this study is to investigate the compliance of the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases in classical medicine with Iranian traditional medicine from the viewpoint of Iranian traditional medicine experts.
 Methods: This is a hybrid qualitative study which was conducted in three phases, including 1- theoretical, 2- field and 3- combinational phases. In the theoretical phase, two types of medical textbooks i.e. Iranian traditional and classic medicine textbooks. In the field stage, 13 academic Iranian traditional medicine experts with at least 5 years of work experiences in Iranian traditional medicine were interviewed. Then, in the combinational phase, the results of two early phases have been summarized using descriptive statistics.
 Results: The results of the study show that 12 of the 40 symptoms in this study had a compliance of 100%. These 12 symptoms are Increase of Salivation, Pica, Borborygmi, Hiccups, Abdominal distention, Melena, Anal Fissure, Anal Stenosis, Cryptitis, Anal pruritus, Halitosis, Rectal pain; also, the results showed that 10 of the 40 symptoms in this study had over 70% compliance. These 10 symptoms are as Dysphagia, Belching, Regurgitation, Hematemesis, Flatulence, Increased Bowel sound, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Jaundice and Anal prolapse. Also, the percentage of compliance with the other 18 symptoms was less than 70%.
 Conclusion: Considering the results of this study and the capabilities of Iranian medicine in relation to symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases with classical medicine, it is possible to design appropriate patterns to expose it. Also, an integrated approach to clinical research is recommended to improve the efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal treatments.

Expert viewpoints of peer support for people experiencing homelessness: A Q sort study.

Peers have shared experiences of phenomena such as mental illness, addiction, and homelessness. Homelessness services are increasingly utilizing peers in their models to support people experiencing homelessness. While there is extensive literature on peer support in general, few studies focus on the potential change mechanisms that might underpin this intervention, particularly regarding homelessness. This study aims to utilize expert opinions to identify common viewpoints on components involved in effective peer support. Forty-three statements were developed from previous literature that broadly describes elements involved in peer support. Forty experts (20 peers and 20 professionals) ranked the statements into a hierarchy. Q methodology is a rigorous method to objectively research participants' subjective viewpoints, using a by-person rather than by-variable approach to factor analysis. The study was done in three stages: first-order analysis to identify shared viewpoints within (a) the peer participant group, (b) the professional participant group, and (c) a second-order analysis of Stage 1 and 2 results to identify common viewpoints held across participant groups. Stage 3 analysis resulted in three differing viewpoints; the dominant viewpoint asserts that effective peer support is rooted in experiential knowledge, where peers build unique, trusting relationships to provide clients with a different level of support. The results highlighted different types of peer support and defined a new one: a unidirectional, mentorship type of intentional peer support. Strengths and limitations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The Relationship between Mental and Moral Health and Performance of Refah –e kargaran Bank Employees in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province

The aim of present research is determining the relation between mental and moral health and performance of Refah –e- kargaran Bank Employees in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province. Methodology: The current research enjoys a descriptive-correlative design. The subjects are chosen among employees of Refah –e- kargaran Bank Employees.The population of the study consisted of all employees of Refah –e- kargaran Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province which includes 111 employees that total of 75 persons were selected as the subjects of the study. In this research, questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The validity of its content was ensured by using the expert viewpoints and consensus. The internal reliability of the items was verified by computing the Cronbach’s alpha. Cronbach's alpha values was obtained for Performance questionnaire 0.767 and for public health questionnaire 0.835. For analyzing data is used descriptive and inferential statistics by using the SPSS software. In order to function estimation from linear regression and to evaluate the correlation between research variables was used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Research findings are as follows: (1): There is a significant relation between mental health and Performance of Employees; (2): There is a significant relation between moral health and Performance of Bank Employees. Conclusion: managers of bank should be creating conditions and opportunities that each of your employees to can develop their abilities and talents.

Hearing the Voice of the Child: Current Practice in Family Courts in Germany

German family courts have a long‐standing tradition of hearing the child's voice when proceedings affect the child. This article aims to provide an overview of the German procedural rules. The current role and practice of child hearings in family courts and the direct effects on the child are discussed in detail. The perceived benefits, challenges, and pitfalls are deliberated from the viewpoint of the psychological expert. Hearing the voice of the child in person is increasingly viewed as beneficial to the proceedings if the judges and other professionals involved possess the necessary qualifications and competence.

Presenting a Suitable Quick Construction Pattern Using Prefabricated Components in Critical Conditions

Abstract Every year, many people in the world lose their homes due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and so on. In critical situations, the use of prefabricated parts in the buildings has many technical and economic advantages. Hence, today, this technology is widely used in the industrialized societies. The purpose of this research is to provide an appropriate model for speeding up the process of constructing buildings using prefabricated parts in critical conditions. To do this, Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach has been used to select the best option for speeding up construction projects using prefabricated parts and in critical situations. In this study, the intended criteria are quality, time, cost, and strength. The options that we should compare and the best option among them, according to the criteria mentioned, are Lightweight Steel Frame (LSF) parts, steel parts and concrete parts. In order to find this prioritization, the viewpoints of civil engineers and construction experts have been used. It should also be noted that for the ANP method, the Super Decisions software has been used.

Role and positioning of reward based crowdfunding in the funding of technological innovation projects – viewpoint of entrepreneurial financing experts

The research summarizes interim results of a doctoral study examining the role and positioning of reward based crowdfunding in the case of start-ups launching technological innovation projects. The article provides a brief introduction to the reward-based model of crowdfunding, highlighting aspects of its positioning compared to traditionally known entrepreneurial funding opportunities. Analyzed data of 17 interviews conducted with senior experts from the startup funding ecosystems (VCs, Business Angels, leaders of incubator houses and accelerators leaders) is shared. Recommendations and risks of application of reward-based crowdfunding, depending on the different phase of product readiness and financial status of the company, is shared.

IS THE PEACEFUL REGULATION OF THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT - MISSION POSSIBLE?

The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan for Nagorno-Karabakh is one of the most difficult to solve from all existing frozen conflicts. The knot of many problems interweaves historical burden and modern reality, occupied territories, military successes and defeats, tens of thousands killed, the fate of over one million refugees and forced evicted citizens, and a combination of Rivalry, interests and ambitions of the big international players. Almost 30 years since the beginning of the conflict and a quarter of a century of attempts for its peaceful and sustainable regulation by the OSCE Minsk Group, there is still no any progress towards its resolution. This article gives an overview of the options available to the conflict and the reasons for the lack of a solution acceptable to both parties. It also presents the current state of the conflict regulation processes and the positions of the States involved in the conflict. It is recalled the famous maxim that success in politics depends on achieving a balance between the interests of equally unhappy countries. The authors share their expert point of view on the need for compromises and acceptable concessions from Armenia and Azerbaijan, the role of Russia, the USA and France, as co-chairmen of the Minsk Group, as well as and active involvement of the wider international community for a peaceful, equitable and legal resolution of the conflict. The publication forecasts the future status of the relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The focus is on the new aspects in the politics of Baku and Yerevan after the last big escalation of April 2016. The current policy of the major countries involved in the conflict are clarified. Opportunities for sustainable conflict resolution are presented .

Need Assessment of the General Practitioner's Curriculum Based on Clinical Activities, Advocacy, Research, and Education (CARE) Model

Background: Social responsiveness of the curriculum is aimed at directing all medical education activities to the training of physicians able to meet the health needs of the target community. Since medical education has moved towards a community-centered and community-based approach, significant attention has been paid to the concept of social responsiveness of medical education. Therefore, the biggest challenge of the future medical faculties is their need to show more impact on health through a relationship with the community, which is the same objective of social responsiveness. The purpose of this study is to assess the educational needs of general practitioners for social responsiveness from the viewpoint of medical graduates and educational experts. Methods: In terms of applied purpose and data gathering method, this is a descriptive study of correlation type with emphasis on structural equation model. The assessment tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population were 140 people, including all medical graduates who had at least one year of their graduation passed, as well as educational experts (educational expert of the department, vice chancellors of education of the departments, and EDC Experts) of Education Development Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated as 103 people by Cochran formula. Results: Findings showed that there is a significant relationship among all areas (clinical, educational, and research) with social responsiveness except advocacy area. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of addressing social responsiveness in general practitioners' curriculum as a guide for implementation of the responsiveness plan.

Fabry disease in cardiology practice: Literature review and expert point of view

Fabry disease is an X-linked progressive multisystemic genetic sphingolipidosis caused by deficient activity of lysosomal α-galactosidase A. Men aged>30 years and women aged>40 years most often present with unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, usually concentric and non-obstructive, but sometimes mimicking sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly when isolated, as in the cardiac or late-onset variant of the disease. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cohorts, up to 1% of patients have been diagnosed with Fabry disease. Frequent cardiac symptoms include chronotropic incompetence, severe conduction disturbances and arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death, and cardiovascular complications are currently the leading cause of death at a mean age of 55 years in men and 66 years in women. Complementary to screening for extracardiac manifestations, the initial cardiac evaluation should include long-duration electrocardiogram recordings, echocardiography and late gadolinium and T1 mapping magnetic resonance imaging. Abnormalities of a non-hypertrophied inferolateral wall at the base of the left ventricle (thinning, decreased strain, midwall fibrosis) and low native T1 signal on magnetic resonance imaging are evocative. Aggressive cardiac management may include the control of cardiovascular risk factors, anticoagulation, permanent cardiac pacing and/or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator device, while antiarrhythmics and beta-blockers should be used with caution. Specific therapy should be initiated at the earliest stage, when the first structural or functional cardiac abnormalities are detected, and should include enzyme replacement therapy (available since 2001) or chaperone therapy (available since 2016) (the use of which is limited to patients with Fabry disease and an amenable α-galactosidase A [GLA] gene mutation).

An evaluation into the limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma: an empirical study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma through an empirical study. Six Sigma is one of the most powerful business process improvement strategies used by numerous World Class corporations for over three decades. A handful of existing publications address some limitations and potential trends of Six Sigma, yet there are no empirical studies investigating the fundamental limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed an online survey instrument based on the existing literature addressing the above. In this study, 61 Six Sigma Master Black Belts and Black Belts from large manufacturing companies and 25 academics who are familiar with the Six Sigma topic participated and contributed to the research. Findings The study reports the top 5 limitations and emerging trends of Six Sigma from the viewpoints of both academics and experts from large manufacturing companies. These are: integration of Six Sigma with Big Data, use of Six Sigma in small medium and micro enterprises, over emphasis of Six Sigma on variability reduction, poor implementation of Six Sigma and its negative impact on employee satisfaction and non-exploitation of integration of Six Sigma with Industry 4.0. Practical implications In order to sustain Six Sigma initiatives, it is imperative that limitations and fundamental gaps are understood, and strategies developed to address them. The authors argue that leading academic scholars have a vital role to play in working with industry practitioners to overcome the limitations and emerging trends addressed above. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study looking into the limitations, research gaps and emerging trends of Six Sigma.

Development of a novel tool to assess skills in laparoscopic gastrectomy using the Delphi method: the Japanese operative rating scale for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (JORS-LDG).

Assessment of the performance of laparoscopic gastrectomy is yet unreported, likely because of the complexity of the procedure. We aimed to develop a tool to assess the skills required for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) through cognitive task analysis (CTA) and expert consensus using the Delphi method. CTA involved the listing of the knowledge and criteria required for completing each step of LDG as subtasks based on interviews by experts and novices and text book, instructional video, and procedural review. The Delphi evaluation method involved anonymous online surveys, conducted to merge the opinions of experts in laparoscopic gastrectomy. The experts were asked to rate (from 1 to 5) the importance of subtasks for skill evaluation and training for LDG using a Likert scale. Consensus among expert viewpoints was determined by the internal consistency of each item using Cronbach's approach. Essential subtasks drafted for the assessment of LDG performance were determined based on the CTA. Thirty-one LDG experts participated in the online-survey with a response rate over 90%. A consensus was achieved after 2 rounds of surveys with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86, and 34 subtasks of LDG were selected. We finally created the Japanese Operative Rating Scale for Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy (JORS-LDG) based on the 34 subtasks. We developed the JORS-LDG using CTA and the Delphi method.

A Short Review on Fracture Mechanisms of Mechanical Components Operated under Industrial Process Conditions: Fractographic Analysis and Selected Prevention Strategies

An insight of the dominant fracture mechanisms occurring in mechanical metallic components during industrial service conditions is offered through this short overview. Emphasis is given on the phenomenological aspects of fracture and their relationships with the emergent fracture mode(s) with respect to the prevailed operating parameters and loading conditions. This presentation is basically fulfilled by embracing and reviewing industrial case histories addressed from a technical expert viewpoint. The referenced case histories reflected mainly the author’s team expertise in failure analysis investigation. As a secondary perspective of the current study, selected failure investigation and prevention methodological approaches are briefly summarized and discussed, aiming to provide a holistic overview of the specific frameworks and systems in place, which could assist the organization of risk minimization and quality enhancement.

English Teaching Efficacy Enhancement Module (MPEBI) For Early Childhood Education Teachers: Measuring Its Validity Through Experts Viewpoints

English Teaching Efficacy Enhancement Module (MPEBI) For Early Childhood Education Teachers: Measuring Its Validity Through Experts Viewpoints

Нормативно-правовые и этические основания первичной профилактики наркомании в системе образования

Drug addiction is a mental illness and is included in the list of socially significant diseases that cause significant damage to society. From the expert point of view, adolescence is one of the sensitive periods for the contraction of the disease development. Prevention of drug addiction in the student community is one of the activities of the university, ensuring the preservation and strengthening of the health of students. The main concern of primary prevention of drug addiction in the university is the construction and development of students' values of their own health and motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The article provides an analysis of the regulatory legal documents of the Russian Federation governing the organization of primary prevention of drug addiction in the educational institution of higher education. The necessity of an integrated approach to the organization of preventive activities at the university is emphasized, based on the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of drug prevention in the youth environment and taking into account the ethical principles of the organization of psychological and pedagogical support in an educational organization.

Best Practices Recommendations for Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Lung Cancer

Since the 2015 WHO classification was introduced into clinical practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has figured prominently in lung cancer diagnosis. In addition to distinction of small cell versus non–small cell carcinoma, patients’ treatment of choice is directly linked to histologic subtypes of non–small cell carcinoma, which pertains to IHC results, particularly for poorly differentiated tumors. The use of IHC has improved diagnostic accuracy in the classification of lung carcinoma, but the interpretation of IHC results remains challenging in some instances. Also, pathologists must be aware of many interpretation pitfalls, and the use of IHC should be efficient to spare the tissue for molecular testing. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee received questions on practical application and interpretation of IHC in lung cancer diagnosis. After discussions in several International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee meetings, the issues and caveats were summarized in terms of 11 key questions covering common and important diagnostic situations in a daily clinical practice with some relevant challenging queries. The questions cover topics such as the best IHC markers for distinguishing NSCLC subtypes, differences in thyroid transcription factor 1 clones, and the utility of IHC in diagnosing uncommon subtypes of lung cancer and distinguishing primary from metastatic tumors. This article provides answers and explanations for the key questions about the use of IHC in diagnosis of lung carcinoma, representing viewpoints of experts in thoracic pathology that should assist the community in the appropriate use of IHC in diagnostic pathology.

Stewardship as a Fundamental Challenge in Strategic Purchasing of Health Services: A Case Study of Iran

To understand the stewardship challenges in strategic purchasing of health care in Iran's health system from the viewpoints of experts, policy makers, and decision makers. This was a qualitative study. Researchers used interviews and FGDs for collecting and framework analysis for analyzing data. Stewardship challenges were classified into three themes and nine subthemes. A lack of management information systems, a lack of enforcement for rules and laws, a lack of stewardship units, and the conflict of interest between the Ministry of Health and insurers as care purchasers in the health system are among the main challenges identified in the implementation of the strategic purchasing of health care in Iran. A strong stewardship is needed for implementing strategic purchasing of health care, which requires participation of all stakeholders.