Expert Community Research Articles

Analisis Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

This researcher aims to explain the management of BUMDES in Rantau Badak Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency and the management of BUMDES from an Islamic economic perspective. This researcher uses a qualitative method, data collection techniques are obtained from observation, interviews and documentation related to this research. In this study, the researcher conducted interviews with the village head, the head of BUMDES and one of the people in Rantau Badak Village. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that the types of businesses studied are two types of businesses, namely drinking water depots and tent rentals. Both types of businesses are managed by BUMDES Rantau Badak Village. In the management of BUMDES, it has been able to improve the community's economy, for example by opening up employment opportunities, training community skills and expertise, but the error lies in the lack of public awareness because they do not utilize the facilities available at BUMDES. Then the management of BUMDES from an Islamic economic perspective in Rantau Badak Village has moved towards sharia, namely in the tent rental business and drinking water depot business because it is ta'awun which means helping each other and which is not sharia, namely in Brilink because it contains usury, and BUMDES has moved towards sharia

Using Quality Improvement to Expand and Align State Public Health Long-Term Follow-up Data Collection Across Newborn Screening Conditions

Context: Despite the undeniable success of newborn screening (NBS), numerous barriers exist regarding long-term follow-up (LTFU) of children with conditions included in NBS. Furthermore, there is a focus on condition-specific follow-up with no national guidelines for standard quality measures collected by state public health LTFU programs. Program: Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) Longitudinal Follow-up for NBS. Implementation: A state public health LTFU for NBS quality improvement (QI) project was carried out with collaboration between MDH project team members and a QI Steering Team who provided clinical, public health, education, caregiver, and community perspectives and expertise to MDH. Relevant measures were selected from existing data elements, and additional measures were developed based on exchange between MDH project team and the QI Steering Team. Potential data sources were explored and prioritized. Processes for querying existing data sources such as death records were refined, new sources such as electronic health records and paper/PDF health records were established, and data collection was piloted. The Minnesota Electronic Disease Surveillance System was modified, and an electronic data form was created to promote consistent data abstraction from sources. Throughout the project, progress was evaluated and shared. At project conclusion, MDH project team and the QI Steering Team reviewed project outcomes and approaches to evolve the project into ongoing surveillance. Evaluation: Five common public health LTFU measures were determined. Overall, 77% of attempted measures were successfully collected. Primary and secondary data sources were adopted. In addition, collected data resulted in 7% of cases that were closed to further public health LTFU, often related to a move out of state. Discussion: This project established the feasibility of state public health LTFU surveillance of outcomes and health care use by collecting a common data set applicable across NBS conditions.

СУБЪЕКТИВНОЕ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕ НА РАБОЧЕМ МЕСТЕ: ПОДХОДЫ К МОНИТОРИНГУ САМОЧУВСТВИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА

A direct correlation between the level of staff well-being and the company’s profitability has been proven by both foreign and Russian studies. However, one of the unresolved problems today remains the fact that well-being at work is still not considered as a factor and resource for the productivity and efficiency of employees. The reality of modern life highlights the need for a rapid rethinking of the nature and patterns of connections between well-being at work and the state of labour productivity, socio-economic assessments of this relationship, and the development of management and digital solutions for monitoring and maintaining an adequate level of staff well-being. The article presents the results of a survey of representatives of the expert community conducted by the authors to identify the current aspects of well-being at work, as well as a brief description of the concept of a digital service developed by the authors for monitoring the well-being of employees through self-assessment.

Lessons from the implementation of Threat and Error Management: A case study of the Australian general aviation

Threat and Error Management (TEM) is one of recent safety initiatives to further improve the overall aviation safety level. In response to the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for TEM to be introduced to all pilot training syllabi, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) in Australia mandated TEM as an additional assessment item for various levels of flight tests and ground examinations in 2009. The current study adopted a two-pronged approach: A case study to highlight the importance of TEM training, followed by gaining an in-depth appreciation as to how TEM was implemented and its effects of the use of TEM training. A semi-structured interview of five highly experienced general aviation Flight Examiners (FE) was conducted, and thematic analysis was performed for the interview data from which four main themes emerged: 1) Impracticality; 2) Lack of guidance and support; 3) TEM implementation; and 4) TEM in practice. All participants shared the same view that TEM was not implemented well. It is expected that the findings from this study add to the body of knowledge to better inform and provide guidance and reference for National Aviation Authorities (NAA) to develop an implementation plan when considering the implementation of TEM training in their regulatory framework. Our study highlights a notable disconnect in CASA’s operational workforce’s grasp of TEM, impacting trust in the general aviation sector in its significance and application. It should be also noted that since our study, to address this and foster innovation in safety projects, CASA has initiated comprehensive strategies such as workforce planning and actively engaging in Technical Working Groups (TWGs) to harness community expertise for safety improvements. Nevertheless, the findings have the potential to provide information regarding pilot attitudes to future safety initiatives in other rapidly growing sectors such as Recreational Aviation (RA) and Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS).

GERMANY: STRATEGIES FOR LABOUR FORCE REPLACEMENT AMID DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES

The article examines the current situation in the German labour market and measures aimed at overcoming the existing challenges. It explains the reasons for the emerging crisis in the labour market related to the demographic situation in the country. The shortage of qualified labour force is shown as the main challenge, with regional disproportions in the shortage of personnel being highlighted. It is noted that the main way to ease the labour shortage is to attract foreign specialists due to the low costs of such a strategy. The main mechanisms aimed at both integrating foreigners into the labour market and attracting them to the country are described. The prospects for integrating foreigners already living in the country are assessed and the problems complicating this process are analysed. The difficulties in implementing social policy in the area of pensions and the current government's approaches to addressing the relevant demographic challenges are highlighted. The assessment of the German expert community as well as other economic actors with regard to the government's pension reforms is presented. Special attention is paid to the issue of retaining pensioners in the labour market in order to solve the shortage of personnel in the country.

Opportunities and challenges for implementing drug checking services in British Columbia, Canada: A qualitative study

BackgroundAmidst the ongoing drug poisoning crisis across North America, drug checking services (DCS) are increasingly being implemented as an intervention intended to reduce drug-related harms. This study sought to identify key opportunities and challenges influencing the implementation of DCS in British Columbia (BC), Canada. MethodsBetween January 2020 and July 2021, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals involved in the implementation of DCS across BC (i.e., policymakers, health authority personnel, community organization representatives and service providers). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide coding and analysis of the interviews. ResultsBy bringing in a wealth of knowledge about community needs and concerns, in addition to a passion and energy for social justice and health equity, community members and organizations with a dedication for harm reduction played a critical role in the successful implementation of DCS in BC. Other significant facilitators to implementation included the preventive benefits of DCS that made the intervention compelling to policy influencers and decision makers, the provincial public health emergency regarding overdose that shifted the regulatory environment of DCS, the adaptability of DCS to meet concerns and needs in various contexts, including via ongoing processes of reflection and evaluation. Barriers to implementation included criminalization and stigmatization of drug use and people who use drugs and lack of funding for community-led implementation actions. ConclusionsAlongside structural reforms that address the underlying contextual factors that influence implementation (e.g., decriminalization of drugs, increased funding for DCS), centering community expertise throughout implementation is critical to the success of DCS. Our findings provide important insights into how BC can successfully implement systems-level harm reduction interventions and offer insights for other jurisdictions in their implementation of DCS.

The influence of medical-demographic and socio-economic factors on the detection of occupational morbidity in agricultural workers

According to the expert community, the level of occupational morbidity (OM) registered in Russia in a number of sectors of the economy is underestimated, and is determined not only by working conditions, but also by the medical, demographic and socio-economic living factors of the working population. Aim of the study was to identify priority medical, demographic and socio-economic factors affecting the detection of OM in agricultural workers (AW). Material and methods. The information base of the study was the competent materials of Saratovstat and the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Saratov region. The dynamics of the factorial indicators of the life activity of the AW was evaluated by the time series method, their relationship with the level of OM – using multiple correlation and regression analysis. Results and discussions. From 2009 to 2019 levels detected in the region of OM agricultural workers decreased in 3.2 times with 5.0 to 1.56 per 10,000 employees in the agricultural sector. According to the results of the analysis of 4 multiple regression models describing the influence of medical-demographic and socio-economic factors on the detection of OM AW, three priority indicators were identified among 12 regressors – the number of people employed in the “Agriculture, hunting, forestry” industry (r1 = 0.854), the number of advisory and expert visits of specialists of the center of occupational pathology to the districts of the region (r10 = 0.884) and mortality in working age (r12 = 0.742). Formed on the basis of these independent variables, the generalized model “OM (Y) – factorial signs of the medical and demographic situation” showed statistical reliability and determined 86.4 % of the variability of the OM detected in AW with a high closeness of the relationship (R = 0. 9296) between the level of OM and the set of regressors. Conclusions. The established medical and demographic factors that statistically significantly affect the detection of occupational morbidity of agricultural workers must be taken into account in the sanitary and hygienic monitoring of occupational pathology of the working rural population.

Projective Psychological Tests from the Point of View of Neural Network Theory of Society

It is shown that the issues raised by the international expert community in the discussion regarding the legality of using projective techniques (in particular, tests such as the Luscher test, the Szondi test and the Dellinger test) can be resolved on the basis of an adequate interpretation of the concept of “archetype” and an analogy with neural networks. At the same time, the interpretation of the concept “archetype” is based on the neural network theory of society, which allows us to remove the difficulties that arise with the traditional interpretation of this concept. It is shown that there is an equivalent scheme for the testing procedure, in which the testing itself can be reduced to the functioning of the external (output) layer of the general neural network, which also includes a neural network formed by the human brain. This approach makes it possible to remove many of the criticisms put forward against the use of projective techniques (even declaring them pseudoscientific), but it implies a significant change in existing approaches to the interpretation of results obtained when using tests of the type in question. Namely, within the framework of the proposed approach, not every possible combination of images on which the test is built makes sense. Such a meaning can be given only to some of them, specifically to those that are most often encountered in experiments. Such combinations, which can be interpreted as basic, are interpreted on the basis of an analogy with images recognized by a neural network. The remaining combinations are treated as images containing errors; they are reduced to the basic ones based on an analogy with the methods used in constructing error-resistant codes.

Кадровый резерв муниципальной службы: актуальные проблемы формирования и возможные пути их разрешения

The formation of a personnel reserve is an important guarantee of staffing local government bodies with qualified personnel. However, at present there are a number of specific problems in this direction, noted by representatives of the scientific and expert communities. The article is devoted to identifying and analyzing current problems in the formation of a personnel reserve for municipal services, and searching for possible ways to resolve them. Particular emphasis is placed on such an area as attracting young specialists.

Конфликт интересов. Рецензия на практическое пособие для муниципального управления. М., 2023. 377 с.

The development and improvement of the institution of conflict of interest prevention necessitates a collaborative effort between government agencies, public organizations, and the expert community. This is the only way to create an effective anti-corruption system and safeguard the interests of citizens and society at large. Municipal governance represents a pivotal domain of state activity, exerting a profound impact on the quality of life of citizens. However, instances of conflict of interest, corruption, and abuse are pervasive, eroding trust in the authorities. The book, entitled Conflict of Interest. A Practical Guide for Municipal Administration, is of great relevance, both in theoretical and practical terms. In the modern world, the issue of conflict of interest is becoming increasingly significant and requires a comprehensive approach to resolution. The authors of the book effectively integrate theoretical aspects of conflict of interest analysis with practical guidance for specialists in municipal administration. In their handbook, the authors address the issue of combating corruption at the municipal level, emphasizing the necessity for effective action by authorities and public organizations in this domain. It is essential that the legislation be transparent and effective in order to prevent and punish abuses.

Characteristics Of Two Original Facades (Gable and Gunungan) Of Malabero Chinese Shop House In Bengkulu City

Building facades convey a period of culture at the time the building was built, as well as providing the identity of a cultural group or community. Building facades and anthropology became the impetus to find out the original characteristics of the two main facades in the row of Malabero Chinese shophouses on Jalan D. I. Panjaitan Bengkulu City. This research uses the field observation method to obtain data through photographs as well as information from the surrounding community, historians, and cultural experts in Bengkulu and Malabero Chinese Village, to get a link to the facade pattern with an emphasis on building facade elements (roof, walls and building openings) through variables of Chinese shophouse facade characteristics and shop house facade indicators. Malabero Bengkulu's Chinese shophouses are grouped within the Chinese settlement (Chinese Kamp) in front of Fort Marlborough, initially having two characteristics of Chinese shophouse building styles based on their facades. The alteration of the south side of the Malabero Chinese shophouses eliminated many of the original characteristics of the original facade of the Malabero Bengkulu Chinese shophouses (gable roof). As a result, many new characteristics of the shophouse facade elements have been replaced. The shape of the roof (gunungan), the removal of the balcony, and the shape of the building openings became the characteristics of the facade face of the south side Malabero Chinese shop house (gunungan roof). This change in the facade is in anticipation of the load being responsive to earthquakes.

QUALITY OF LIFE: ESSENCE AND MEASUREMENTS

Quality of life remains an important measure of socio-­economic development and the effectiveness of public policy in this area. At the same time, there is still no clear answer to the question of measuring quality of life. Both academic science and the professional expert community that develop various quality of life ratings offer significantly different interpretations. And this, of course, harms the effective use of quality of life as a goal and result of state activities. The purpose of the article is to propose and test for systematization of existing approaches in assessing the quality of life the matrix of “four qualities of life” by R. Veenhoven, which has not previously been considered in Russian economic science. The article analyzes approaches to defining and measuring the quality of life, considers and analyzes R. Veenhoven’s approach itself, and also demonstrates the possibilities of its application to the systematization of quality of life measures proposed by Russian researchers. The results presented in the article will be useful for bringing together existing approaches to assessing quality of life and developing a consensus understanding of the essence and measures of quality of life, for subsequent application in public administration practice.

Promotion of Physical Activity by Health Professionals (PROMOTE-PA): protocol for effectiveness outcomes in a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised controlled trial

Promotion of physical activity by health professionals can increase physical activity participation among patients, however, implementing physical activity promotion within hospital systems is lacking. The Promotion of Physical Activity by...

Affective, meta and collaborative STEAM learning

The purpose of this research was to identify synergies in affective, meta and collaborative STEAM learning, and the level of professional development structure and collaborative support needed for teachers to achieve these. Three project case studies (KIKS, STEAMTEACH and STEAMCONNECT) are examined to do this. In the KIKS (Kids Inspiring Kids in STEAM) project, student groups were issued a very open-ended challenge: “How would you get your fellow students to love STEAM?” They undertook a series of student-led intensive workshops to deliver prototypes and other teaching materials. The intensive, collaborative problem-solving Hothousing workshops focusing on Expectation shock perception enhancement, were inspired by industry practice. The successful outcomes evidenced affective, meta and collaborative learning and suggested the need for further research to develop an associated teacher professional development framework (STEAMTEACH) and also to develop further the collaborative aspect beyond the students (STEAMCONNECT). The projects together delivered over forty project outcomes judged high quality by teachers, students and researchers alike benefitted from affective, meta and collaborative, inclusive learning on many levels from students to teachers to parents to wider community collaboration including local community, business and academic experts. It was thus found that STEAM education can synergically enhance affective, meta and collaborative learning, and for this to happen, should be supported by a STEAM professional development framework and extended networking between teachers, schools, parents, education and industry experts, and community from all abilities and backgrounds.

The contribution of stakeholder engagement to cultural significance assessment: the case of values-based conservation management planning for the Ocean Swimming Pool, Portugal

IntroductionValues-based approaches are among the best practices for management and conservation planning. However, cultural significance assessments (of the attributes and values of cultural heritage) have generally been performed by experts (top-down) instead of including expert and nonexpert communities (top-down and bottom-up).ObjectivesThis paper presents a multitechnique approach in which different strategies are applied to assess the perceptions of cultural significance held by several actors (users, managers, staff, experts, children, students, virtual community) within the framework of the Keeping It Modern Grant awarded by the Getty Foundation (2020–2023) for the Ocean Swimming Pool (1960–1966) designed by Álvaro Siza in Matosinhos, Portugal.MethodInterviews, surveys, social media analysis, and workshops with children, students, and experts were adopted for the method, and, whenever possible, the ‘Imagine Ballarat’ Love, Change and Imagine questions were utilised as a resourceful instrument for assessing the significance attributed by multiple stakeholders.ResultsBased on the results, stakeholders’ opinions and values regarding the heritage site could be compared, which revealed the relationship between the values and the groups of actors, thereby deepening the complexity of heritage sites as National Monuments.ConclusionBy using this integrated perspective, we could define the cultural significance of a modern heritage site through an inclusive methodology while also establishing the grounds for conservation policies within a more broadly participative management of change.

Listening to Rural Community Experts: Making a Comprehensive Local Needs Assessment Transformative for Inclusive Postsecondary CTE

This Delphi study identified postsecondary career and technical education (CTE) needs and differences by race in rural areas. Seventeen rural community experts in education, business, and community leadership participated across three rounds. Round 1 involved interviews to compile perspectives about future careers and training. Round 2 used Likert-scale surveys to rate the perceived likelihood of careers and the value of training; consensus was evaluated. Round 3 conducted member checking. Results showed alignment between community-identified labor needs and workforce data. However, Native American members faced distinct qualifying barriers for training programs. Recommendations are that Comprehensive Local Needs Assessments (CLNAs) intentionally include marginalized groups and consider historical and present-day inequities certain students face to better meet the workforce training needs of the entire community. The Delphi method revealed nuanced perspectives and the need for more culturally responsive practice in rural areas.

A multicriteria vulnerability index for equitable resource allocation in public health funding.

This paper describes an action research project with the Centre universitaire intégré de santé et de services sociaux - Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN) who identified a need to assess vulnerability in their territories in order toensure equitable distribution of the Integrated Perinatal and Early Childhood Services (SIPPE) program funds. The objective was to design and validate a multicriteria model to provide a more accurate portrait of vulnerability based on recent social realities. Our multidisciplinary research team of 7 members included experts in analytics, decision aiding, and community and public health. In collaboration with 6 CIUSSS-CN professionals, we co-constructed, during 9 workshops, a multicriteria model to aggregate the multiple dimensions of vulnerability. We used a value-focused thinking approach and applied the method MACBETH assisted by a geographic information system. Criteria, scales, and weights were validated and led to a vulnerability score for each CIUSSS-CN territory. This score provides a more accurate portrait of territorial disparities based on data and the participants' experience. The model was implemented in a dynamic user-friendly tool and serves to support decision-makers in the resource allocation process. Knowledge transfer was conducted during and after the process. This multidisciplinary research has served to anchor public health funding in local realities, with an emphasis on equity and stakeholder engagement. Our mixed-method approach integrating qualitative and quantitative data is adaptable to other contexts. Our results can enhance intervention effectiveness and allow for a better response to the needs of the population targeted by the SIPPE program.

Responding to the West’s environmental security paradox: organic national security and the contemporary state embrace of severe anthropogenic environmental degradation, contamination, and vanishing (SEDCOV)

ABSTRACT Western nations ultimately rely for all aspects of their security and survival upon the natural, non-human world, yet they are currently degrading and depleting it to an extreme and potentially terminal extent. Recognizing this security paradox, scholars and policymakers have, in recent years, begun to renew and expand upon the West’s decades-old uneasy acknowledgement of the national security relevance of global anthropogenic environmental decline. However, important gaps in this renewed discourse remain. Approaches rooted in environmental science and environmental studies tend to frame the problem in simple biophysical terms instead of using the political and power frames of reference of actual states. On the other main side of the renewed discourse, Western national security apparatuses themselves (and their adjacent expert communities) have adopted a problematic neo-traditional approach, focusing on predicting which new strategic conditions and threats global environmental decline will generate, and how a largely status quo, intact state should prepare to respond to these conditions. This side of the renewed discourse arguably grossly underestimates environmental decline’s truly radical potential to destabilise the domestic state as well as external powers, and also avoids the central problem that a key origin of this decline is mundane Western state behaviour. This paper aims to introduce two new elements into Western national security community approaches to global environmental decline. First, I introduce a new way of defining organic national security and suggest why this may be a useful concept in evaluating and pursuing national security in the 21st century. Second, I lay out how re-attaining a modicum of organic national security will require that the West first reappraise its own contemporary embrace and normalisation of severe anthropogenic environmental degradation, contamination, and vanishing (SEDCOV) across nearly every policy domain.

Analysis Of Local Msme Development Strategy "Vis A Vis" The Development Of National Chain Minimarket Retail In Palembang City

The phenomenon of the proliferation of National Chain Minimarket Retail Groups has become a scourge for local MSMEs in Indonesia. Although the government continues to provide space for local MSMEs through Permendagri No. 53/M-DAG/PER/12/2008 which requires the establishment of minimarkets to pay attention to the existence of traditional markets and smaller neighborhood stalls/shops. However, some regions are actually utilizing the momentum of the existence of modern minimarkets, one of which is Yogyakarta through the Mayor's Regulation which issued a policy so that the national chain minimarket retail group empowers local MSMEs and is given a special place to market local products. Palembang, which is known for its pempek as a culinary specialty, has enormous potential for the development of local MSMEs, but MSME players who become industry players are still not ideal. This study aims to analyze how the development strategy of Local MSMEs "vis a vis" the massive development of national chain minimarket retail in Palembang City. This research uses a mixed method approach, which consists of two approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative. Mixed methods used are descriptive qualitative using SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) to analyze the development strategy of local MSMEs in Palembang City. As well as quantitative descriptive using the IFAS and EFAS matrix to calculate the weighting, rating, and formulation of the development strategy position of Local MSMEs in Palembang City. The results of this study indicate that based on the results of the SWOT diagram analysis, the X and Y axes are obtained. The straight line in the diagram above shows the coordinates in quadrant 1 position. Quadrant 1 is a very favorable situation, where local wisdom MSME players can have strengths and opportunities that can be utilized so that it is suitable to use the SO (strength-opportunity) strategy to develop local wisdom MSME businesses supported by aggressive growth strategies, namely 1) Maintaining Public Interest by Optimizing Support Programs from the Government; 2) Optimizing Sales Without Limiting Target Markets both domestically and abroad; 3) Utilizing Community Expertise to Intervene Local Products to National Chain Minimarkets; and Creating Training Programs from the Association of Local Culinary Business Groups to Maintain the Authentic Taste of Products.

Community notes increase trust in fact-checking on social media.

Community-based fact-checking is a promising approach to fact-check social media content at scale. However, an understanding of whether users trust community fact-checks is missing. Here, we presented Americans with 36 misleading and nonmisleading social media posts and assessed their trust in different types of fact-checking interventions. Participants were randomly assigned to treatments where misleading content was either accompanied by simple (i.e. context-free) misinformation flags in different formats (expert flags or community flags), or by textual "community notes" explaining why the fact-checked post was misleading. Across both sides of the political spectrum, community notes were perceived as significantly more trustworthy than simple misinformation flags. Our results further suggest that the higher trustworthiness primarily stemmed from the context provided in community notes (i.e. fact-checking explanations) rather than generally higher trust towards community fact-checkers. Community notes also improved the identification of misleading posts. In sum, our work implies that context matters in fact-checking and that community notes might be an effective approach to mitigate trust issues with simple misinformation flags.