Expert Interviews Research Articles

Developing a local behaviour change intervention for increased biowaste sorting: a social marketing formative study

Purpose This paper aims to describe a case study of a formative study for the development of a social marketing campaign for increased biowaste sorting. In following the social marketing principles, it provides insights for practitioners willing to implement behaviour change interventions. Design/methodology/approach The case study describes the scoping review, expert interviews, online survey and focus groups, which were integrated to comprehend the specificities of biowaste sorting in the South Suburbs of Athens. This mixed-method research design enabled a comprehensive understanding of biowaste sorting practices that would not have been attainable through a single method. Findings This study found that the “descriptive norm” and “perceived controllability” significantly influenced biowaste sorting. Differential challenges of at-home and out-of-home sorting were also identified. The demand for more information was also highlighted. The tailored intervention comprises of a mix of behavioural modelling, persuasive communication, education and enablement. Originality/value By concretely showcasing how the integration of multiple research methods through the application of social marketing principles can guide the design of a tailored behaviour change intervention, this paper offers an outline for informed decision-making and strategic planning in the realm of (environmental) behaviour change.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Participation Questionnaire: A Methodological and Cross-Sectional Study.

Social participation is vital for the health maintenance of general populations as well as the functional recovery and social ties of clinical patients. To develop a Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ) to evaluate participation in social activities in an individual's life and to test the reliability and validity of the SPQ. Cross-sectional study. Community and clinic in China. A total of 1419 healthy adults and 486 breast cancer patients. The initial items were developed from a theoretical framework, a literature review, and Delphi expert consultation. Item analysis, exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity, construct reliability, and internal consistency reliability were performed to examine the psychometric properties of the SPQ. The final SPQ was comprised of 11 different types of social activities, falling under the 3 dimensions of activities of daily life, sports and entertainment activities, and social service activities. EFA explained 50.674% of the total item variance contributing to the tool. CFA showed that the SPQ fit well. The total SPQ score was significantly associated with social network, quality of life, and cognitive function (r = |.180∼.466|, P < .001). The internal consistency coefficient was acceptable (range of Cronbach's alpha, .695 to .720). The SPQ has robust properties, wide application, and provides a culturally relevant tool to evaluate the social participation of individuals, thus facilitating rigorous clinical and population-based research.

Industrial Sustainable Development: The Development Trend of Programmable Logic Controller Technology

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are indispensable for current and future industrial development, especially in smart factories, smart home technology, automated production lines, and machinery manufacturing. This study presents the trends in PLC software and hardware development through a technology roadmap and offers relevant suggestions to help industries achieve sustainable development, enhance market competitiveness, and provide references for research. Through expert interviews and fuzzy Delphi analysis, this study points out that future PLC development needs to focus on editing interfaces, syntax, Central Processing Units, Memory Units, and Communication Modules. Specific recommendations include visualizing regional/global label settings and connection settings, adding Python, JAVA, LabVIEW, and Scratch syntax, improving instruction execution speed, expanding program and expansion capacities, and adopting dual-channel Ethernet and connections to external networks and wireless networks. Fuzzy hierarchical analysis shows that Communication Modules are the most important component, followed by Central Processing Units and syntax expansion, and, finally, program and expansion capacity enhancements. These suggestions aim to promote product innovation and social environment demand evaluation, enhance product competitiveness, and achieve sustainable development goals.

Personalised learning and artificial intelligence in science education: current state and future perspectives

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education and its impact on personalised learning. The research explores current applications, challenges, and future perspectives of AI technologies in educational settings. Through a systematic literature review, we identify the advantages of AI, such as enhanced individualised instruction, data-informed insights, and increased student engagement. The study combines quantitative and qualitative analyses, case studies, expert interviews, and technology assessments to offer a multidimensional understanding of AI's role in personalising science education. Despite the potential benefits, the research highlights barriers, including financial costs, infrastructure requirements, data privacy, and the need for teacher training. The future of AI in education suggests a trajectory towards advanced personalisation capabilities through adaptable learning systems, virtual tutors, and immersive learning environments. We underscore the importance of addressing the identified challenges to fully realise the transformative power of AI in science education. The findings illustrate that, with thoughtful implementation, AI holds promise for tailoring science learning experiences, making them more effective, inclusive, and engaging for students of varied needs and abilities.

Development of a Screening Tool for Oral Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectivesTo develop a Screening for Oral Frailty Tool (SOFT) and evaluate its reliability and validity among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. DesignCross-sectional analysis. Setting and ParticipantsThe study was conducted as part of an ongoing community-based prospective study in Shanghai. A total of 307 older adults, aged between 60 and 96 years, participated in the study. MethodsThis study was conducted in 3 stages: item development, scale development, and scale evaluation. This study was based on a visual model depicting the deterioration of oral function, and a draft scale was generated based on a literature review, existing scales, expert consultations, and cognitive interviews. Between December 2023 and February 2024, the validity and reliability of the SOFT were evaluated using a questionnaire administered to 307 community-dwelling older adults. Data including demographics, frailty, and sarcopenia were collected. ResultsThe oral frailty scale comprises 6 items, including number of teeth, difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in chewing, difficulty in articulatory oral motor, dry mouth, and oral pain, and is assessed using a yes or no question. The correlations ranged from 0.40 to 0.66 when correlating each item with the total score of the scale. Using frailty and sarcopenia as criteria, the area under the curve for the SOFT was 0.71. The optimal cutoff for the SOFT was 2, using frailty as a criterion, with a higher Youden index and a high negative predictive value (94.9%), but a low positive predictive value (19.3%). The SOFT showed low internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson formula 20 coefficients 0.50) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.86). Conclusions and ImplicationsThe SOFT does not require specialized equipment and is not affected by cultural differences. It can be used for oral frailty screening in Chinese community-dwelling older adults and is simple and rapid.

Unveiling the NIMBY effect in construction and demolition waste landfilling: Factors, paths, and solutions

The construction and operation of the construction and demolition waste (C&DW) landfills often encounter significant opposition from nearby residents, which is called the “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) effect. However, little is known about the formation mechanism of the NIMBY effect in C&DW landfilling, so this research was conducted for this purpose. First, the influencing factors leading to the NIMBY effect were determined based on a literature review and questionnaire survey. Then, the interrelationship and influencing path of critical factors were revealed using expert interviews and Interpretative Structural Modelling. The results shown that 12 factors from four levels (including residents, society, government, and enterprises) caused the NIMBY effect in C&DW landfilling. These factors formed a complex network comprising 18 influencing paths. Notably, policy and responding measures as pivotal bottom-level factors that trigger the NIMBY effect by indirectly impacting residents' rights awareness and shaping public perception towards C&DW landfill operation enterprises through directly affecting personal interest, cognitive bias, distrust, disposal technology, management level, opinion leader, and other intermediate factors, ultimately triggering the NIMBY effect. Moreover, strategies for mitigating or resolving the NIMBY effect were proposed, such as protecting personal reasonable interests, understanding the potential risks of C&DW landfills rationally, reporting the C&DW landfills from an objective perspective, improving policies and promoting public participation, and enhancing supervision of the C&DW landfills. The study added new knowledge to the current public's NIMBY effect in C&DW landfilling. Meanwhile, it also provided a reference for formulating C&DW landfilling policies and selecting landfill sites.

Identifying the obstacles facing emergency nurses regarding treating CTAS1 and CTAS2 in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundEmergency nurses play a pivotal role in delivering efficient emergency healthcare, yet they often encounter numerous challenges, especially while managing life-threatening cases, impacting both their well-being and patient satisfaction. This study seeks to identify the prevalent challenges faced by these nurses in Saudi hospitals when handling Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS1 and CTAS2) cases, with the aim of mitigating or managing these issues in the future.MethodsThis study incorporated a mixed-method approach to identify obstacles in Emergency Department (ED) nursing treatment of CTAS1 and CTAS2 cases in two major Saudi Arabian hospitals. The research began with qualitative focus group interviews with expert ED nurses, followed by a quantitative survey to measure and explore relationships among the qualitative findings. Data analysis leveraged qualitative thematic analysis and principal component analysis, ensuring rigorous examination and validation of data to drive meaningful conclusions.FindingsFrom expert interviews, key challenges for emergency nurses were identified, including resource management, communication, training compliance, and psychological factors. A survey of 172 nurses further distilled these into five major issues: patient care management, handling critical cases, administration support, patient care delay, and stress from patients’ families.ConclusionThrough a mixed-method approach, this study pinpoints five pivotal challenges confronting emergency nurses in Saudi hospitals. These encompass difficulties in patient care management, the psychological toll of handling critical cases, inadequate administrative support, delays due to extended patient stays, and the stress induced by the presence of patients’ families, all of which significantly impede emergency department efficiency and compromise nurse well-being.

Mitigating the levee effect – Spatial planning approaches to address residual risk

The levee effect poses a challenge for flood risk management. While there is research on the consequences of the levee effect in general, a detailed understanding of policies addressing residual risk is lacking. The aim of this research is to understand how coercive and cooperative policy designs are applied in spatial planning provisions dealing with residual flood risk and which context conditions influence planning authorities when deciding on a certain policy design. We applied a qualitative research approach, including expert interviews and examining relevant documents. The results show that coercive planning policies can regulate the use of areas with residual risk either by limiting the extension of building land or by prescribing flood adaptation of buildings. However, the formulation of such regulations is connected to the spatial context, the actors involved, past flood events and risk awareness. Cooperative planning policies address residual risk either as recommendations or by providing local authorities scope for decision-making when it comes to land use planning in residual risk areas. The interview partners also discussed possibilities that go beyond spatial planning, such as emergency management. The research shows the variety of policies that can offer ways of dealing with flooding beyond the expected level.

Promoting the participation of women: agenda setting in Swiss sports federations

ABSTRACT Following observations that efforts to promote female participation vary across sports federations, this study employs the multiple stream model to analyse agenda setting towards promotion programmes in Swiss sports federations. Through qualitative expert interviews in three case studies (football, ice hockey, and badminton), the study analyses why and when gender policies encouraging female participation at the grassroots level appear on a sports federation agenda. The findings show that the availability of external funding and the adaptation of external projects are essential opportunities for promotion activities. Engaged actors institutionalised within federations or emerging from personal commitment play a crucial role in seizing and exploiting opportunities. The study provides a conceptual contribution to the analysis of agenda setting of policies outside federations’ daily business and offers empirical insights to assist stakeholders in promoting women’s participation. Recommendations include involving committed individuals, especially in male-dominated sports, and securing (external) support to facilitate structural changes at the grassroots level.

Exploring Impediments to Human Flourishing Across the Lifespan in Six African Countries

AbstractHuman flourishing (HF) is fundamental in fostering development in every sector of human communities throughout the world. Understanding the concept of human flourishing is essential in identifying and limiting practices that may impede human’s tendency to flourish. Most research on HF have been focused on the minority world and devoted to factors that foster it with minimal regard for the impediments and perspectives from the majority world. Based on this, the study aims to explore the impediments to human flourishing across the lifespan in Africa. Specifically, it examines factors that impede human flourishing in three age groups (children, adolescents, and adults). Empirical data were collected qualitatively through focus group discussion sessions and expert interviews with children, adolescents, and adults from communities in 6 African countries (Marachi, Eteso and Turkana of Kenya, the Sukuma of Tanzania, the Bantu and Nilo Hamites of Uganda, the Amhara of Ethopia, the Nso and Nweh of Cameroon and the Akan of Ghana). After the thematic analysis, the findings revealed that; inevitable factors like death and other issues that can be improved on like poverty, conflict, selfishness, immoral behavior and ill health impede human flourishing across the life span. However, other impediments identified were age specific. Marriage challenges impeded flourishing among adult folks while lack of sufficient play time impeded children’s flourishing. An intervention on coping strategies to deal with inevitable impeding factors to human flourishing like death and strategies to improve on all the other manageable impediments is vital for the enhancement of flourishing in Africa.

Schutz- und Sorgepraktiken: Wie LSBT-Organisationen in Deutschland Safer Spaces für ihre Arbeit mit queeren Asylbewerber:innen und Geflüchteten adaptieren

Abstract. Since the “summer of migration” in 2015, LGBT organizations have been actively involved in migration work, particularly in creating safer spaces for queer asylum seekers and refugees. This involvement marks a shift as these organizations previously had limited engagement with queer people of color. German LGBT organizations focus on providing support, security, and community for queer asylum seekers and refugees, drawing upon the concept of safer spaces. While existing literature addresses LGBT organizations in development and the challenges faced by queer asylum seekers, there is limited research on the creation of safer spaces. Research suggests a predominant focus on spatial separation as a means of ensuring safety. This article aims to fill this research gap by exploring how German LGBT organizations are adapting and institutionalizing the concept of safer spaces. It investigates the role of spatial separation, control mechanisms, and potential essentialist and cultural biases in shaping safer spaces. The study contextualizes this within the framework of homonationalism in Germany, followed by a theoretical exploration of safer spaces and an empirical analysis of how LGBT organizations conceptualize them. Drawing on expert interviews with spokespersons of German LGBT organizations and an extensive analysis of their websites, my study shows the ways in which the LGBT organizations construct themselves as saviors of vulnerable queer asylum seekers and migrants, while constructing the non-queer asylum seekers and migrants as a threat through othering. Following the logics of these safer space concepts, spatial separation appears as the ultimate solution to offer safety to queer migrants and refugees. In contrast, I also observe alternative safer spaces offered by LGBT organizations, which, in addition to their purely protective function, also create spaces for caring practices and peer-to-peer empowerment through storytelling.

Dreaming of AI: environmental sustainability and the promise of participation

AbstractThere is widespread consensus among policymakers that climate change and digitalisation constitute the most pressing global transformations shaping human life in the 21st century. Seeking to address the challenges arising at this juncture, governments, technologists and scientists alike increasingly herald artificial intelligence (AI) as a vehicle to propel climate change mitigation and adaptation. In this paper, we explore the intersection of digitalisation and climate change by examining the deployment of AI in government-led climate action. Building on participant observations conducted in the context of the “Civic Tech Lab for Green”—a government-funded public interest AI initiative—and eight expert interviews, we investigate how AI shapes the negotiation of environmental sustainability as an issue of public interest. Challenging the prescribed means–end relationship between AI and environmental protection, we argue that the unquestioned investment in AI curtails political imagination and displaces discussion of climate “problems” and possible “solutions” with “technology education”. This line of argumentation is rooted in empirical findings that illuminate three key tensions in current coproduction efforts: “AI talk vs. AI walk”, “civics washing vs. civics involvement” and “public invitation vs. public participation”. Emphasising the importance of re-exploring the innovative state in climate governance, this paper extends academic literature in science and technology studies that examines public participation in climate change adaptation by shedding light on the emergent phenomenon of public interest AI.

Justification of the Entrepreneurial Ability of Individuals with Special Needs on the MSME Scale Based on the CDIO Framework

This study aims to explore the CDIO educational framework within the context of vocational education to prepare graduates with special needs for the workforce. The background underscores the significance of the disability issue in contemporary discourse, emphasizing the need for improved awareness and application of existing regulations. The research methodology employed a descriptive approach with data collected through literature review and expert interviews. Preliminary findings indicate that graduates engaged in the CDIO framework are expected to achieve proficiency levels ranging from 3 to 4, demonstrating potential in adequately preparing them to meet workforce standards. In conclusion, the CDIO framework shows promise as an effective approach to enhancing vocational education preparedness for individuals with special needs, highlighting the importance of inclusive and relevant education in addressing current job market challenges.

Transforming provisioning systems to enable 1.5° lifestyles in Europe? Expert and stakeholder views on overcoming structural barriers

This article explores the urgent need for transformative change toward provisioning systems that align with staying as close as possible to the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C limit for climate change. Despite historical awareness of the need for change, current unsustainable patterns of production and consumption persist, prompting an examination of the role of societal structures in hindering transformative change. Using the framework of provisioning systems, this study analyses expert and stakeholder views on structural barriers and steps to overcome them. Based on 36 expert interviews and Stakeholder Thinking Labs with 113 participants in five European Union case countries, the study identifies and discusses seven key structural barriers that affect the sustainability of provisioning systems for food, mobility, housing, and leisure. These barriers include the economic growth paradigm, policy incoherence, vested interests, the externalization of environmental costs, dominant narratives of the good life, inequality, and an insufficient integration of environmental concerns in educational systems. When considering the actualization of these structures in concrete provisioning systems, stakeholders emphasize the need for welfare provision with improved resource efficiency; argue for radical measures such as bans, limits, and taxes to address these challenges; and highlight governance challenges related to participation and power. The analysis underlines the complexity of promoting transformative structural change and the interplay of structures in different provisioning systems, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to achieve sustainable provisioning systems and 1.5° lifestyles.

Caregivers' Perspective on Successful Health Care Transition Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults With Special Health Care Needs

PurposeThere is limited caregiver-reported evidence determining health care transition (HCT) outcomes for their adolescents/young adults with special health care needs (AYA-SHCN). A subcommittee of the International and Interdisciplinary Healthcare Transition Research Consortium aimed to identify multidimensional outcomes of a successful HCT among AYA-SHCN based on parents/caregivers' perspectives. MethodsAfter literature review and expert interviews, a three-stage Delphi process identified HCT outcomes based on parents/caregivers' perspectives. Participants were parents/caregivers of patients attending the Victory Junction Therapeutic Camp and a nationally representative sample from Cint Healthcare Digital Solutions Platform. The cumulative 272 responses collected on a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant web-based engine (Qualtrics) rated potential HCT outcomes by level of importance on a Likert scale from 1 (not important) to 9 (very important) and narrowed in subsequent iterations. ResultsThe Delphi process included 127 (Stage 1), 82 (Stage 2), and 63 (Stage 3) parents/caregivers. The initial 25 HCT outcomes were narrowed to 13, across four major domains: coping/satisfaction, behavioral, structural, and HCT/healthcare-focused outcomes. The top outcome was “My child takes their medications as prescribed.” Several traditionally considered important outcomes for HCT were eliminated. DiscussionThirteen HCT outcomes for AYA-SHCN were identified in four major domains: coping/satisfaction, behavioral, structural, and HCT/healthcare focused. Future research in larger samples would allow stratification to represent diverse patients and caregiver populations. Identifying international consensus-derived outcomes among parents/caregivers is imperative for the evaluation of HCT preparation strategies that ensure appropriate support for diverse AYA-SHCN and their families during this process and enable implementation of the most effective interventions.

Assessing ChatGPT's theoretical knowledge and prescriptive accuracy in bacterial infections: a comparative study with infectious diseases residents and specialists.

Advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI) have made platforms like ChatGPT increasingly relevant in medicine. This study assesses ChatGPT's utility in addressing bacterial infection-related questions and antibiogram-based clinical cases. This study involved a collaborative effort involving infectious disease (ID) specialists and residents. A group of experts formulated six true/false, six open-ended questions, and six clinical cases with antibiograms for four types of infections (endocarditis, pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and bloodstream infection) for a total of 96 questions. The questions were submitted to four senior residents and four specialists in ID and inputted into ChatGPT-4 and a trained version of ChatGPT-4. A total of 720 responses were obtained and reviewed by a blinded panel of experts in antibiotic treatments. They evaluated the responses for accuracy and completeness, the ability to identify correct resistance mechanisms from antibiograms, and the appropriateness of antibiotics prescriptions. No significant difference was noted among the four groups for true/false questions, with approximately 70% correct answers. The trained ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4 offered more accurate and complete answers to the open-ended questions than both the residents and specialists. Regarding the clinical case, we observed a lower accuracy from ChatGPT-4 to recognize the correct resistance mechanism. ChatGPT-4 tended not to prescribe newer antibiotics like cefiderocol or imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, favoring less recommended options like colistin. Both trained- ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4 recommended longer than necessary treatment periods (p-value = 0.022). This study highlights ChatGPT's capabilities and limitations in medical decision-making, specifically regarding bacterial infections and antibiogram analysis. While ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency in answering theoretical questions, it did not consistently align with expert decisions in clinical case management. Despite these limitations, the potential of ChatGPT as a supportive tool in ID education and preliminary analysis is evident. However, it should not replace expert consultation, especially in complex clinical decision-making.

Assessment of women’s needs and wishes regarding interprofessional guidance on oral health in pregnancy – a qualitative study

BackgroundPoor oral and dental health due to oral dysbiosis during pregnancy increases the risk for negative pregnancy outcomes. Communicating the importance of oral health is therefore essential in reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Professional guidance could substantially support women’s positive perception of their own competence. Information on oral health should be provided by healthcare professionals such as midwives, obstetricians and dentists. The aim of this study was to assess the needs, wishes and preferences of pregnant women in Germany, regarding interprofessional collaboration and guidance on oral health during pregnancy.MethodsSources of information, preferences regarding information supply as well as the need for interprofessional collaboration of involved healthcare professions were investigated in six online focus groups with pregnant women. In addition, three expert interviews with a midwife, an obstetrician and a dentist were conducted. The focus groups and interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz.Results25 pregnant women participated in focus groups. Pregnant women in all trimesters, aged 23 to 38 years, were included. Many women did not receive any or received insufficient information on oral health during pregnancy and wished for more consistent and written information from all involved healthcare providers. The extent of oral health counselling women received, heavily relied on their personal initiative and many would have appreciated learning about the scientific connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. An overall uncertainty about the timing and safety of a dental visit during pregnancy was identified. Interviews with experts provided additional insights into the working conditions of the involved healthcare professionals in counselling and emphasised the need for improved training on oral health during pregnancy in their respective professional education as well as thematic billing options in relation to this topic.ConclusionGuidance of women on oral health during pregnancy appears to be insufficient. Providing information adapted to the needs, wishes and preferences of women during pregnancy as well as the implementation of this topic in the education of involved healthcare professionals could contribute to an improved prenatal care for pregnant women and subsequently a reduced risk of negative pregnancy outcomes.

The Chair of the Supervisory Board as a New Corporate Communicator: Conceptual and Empirical Insights into Objectives and Responsibility for the Chair’s Communication

ABSTRACT This study extends the existing research on C-suite communication and corporate communicators by adding the perspective of the supervisory board. Building on principal-agent theory and the public arena model the supervisory board chair’s communicator role is conceptualized, and established and stakeholders are identified. Based on 28 qualitative expert interviews with supervisory board chairs, public relations, and investor relations managers from 10 DAX and MDAX companies, the study highlights the objectives for the chair’s communication as well as responsibilities within the public relations and investor relations departments. The findings show that transparency and the establishment and maintenance of relationships are the main objectives of the chair’s communication. Furthermore, the findings show that there is rarely a clear responsibility within the public relations or investor relations functions for the chair’s communication. Closer cooperation leads to more professionalized chair communication – but not necessarily more active external communication. The article contributes to communication management and strategic communication research by highlighting the conceptual-theoretical challenge of the communication of the supervisory board because its actions set the framework for the corporate strategy.

The Chair of the Supervisory Board as a New Corporate Communicator: Conceptual and Empirical Insights into Objectives and Responsibility for the Chair’s Communication

ABSTRACT This study extends the existing research on C-suite communication and corporate communicators by adding the perspective of the supervisory board. Building on principal-agent theory and the public arena model the supervisory board chair’s communicator role is conceptualized, and established and stakeholders are identified. Based on 28 qualitative expert interviews with supervisory board chairs, public relations, and investor relations managers from 10 DAX and MDAX companies, the study highlights the objectives for the chair’s communication as well as responsibilities within the public relations and investor relations departments. The findings show that transparency and the establishment and maintenance of relationships are the main objectives of the chair’s communication. Furthermore, the findings show that there is rarely a clear responsibility within the public relations or investor relations functions for the chair’s communication. Closer cooperation leads to more professionalized chair communication – but not necessarily more active external communication. The article contributes to communication management and strategic communication research by highlighting the conceptual-theoretical challenge of the communication of the supervisory board because its actions set the framework for the corporate strategy.

Accelerating decarbonization digitally: Status quo and potentials of greenhouse gas emission tracking and trading

To effectively mitigate climate change, policymakers worldwide established various GHG tracking and trading systems. In the light of ambitious climate goals, stricter regulations, and increasing demand for climate action, various groups such as researchers and governmental institutions suggested additional approaches. This paper addresses the complexity that arises from the breadth of suggested approaches and implemented systems for GHG tracking and trading. By doing so, it synthesizes relevant dimensions in a way that is understandable to enterprises and policymakers, enabling them to design meaningful systems incorporating the reduction of GHG emissions and advance cleaner production. Therefore, this paper presents a first-of-its-kind taxonomy of GHG tracking and trading approaches through a systematic literature review. It illustrates ten main design and implementation dimensions with 30 corresponding characteristics. To accelerate decarbonization, this paper sets impulses for future GHG tracking in the electricity sector based on semi-structured expert interviews. Consecutively, it provides policy directions for CO2-adaptive decision-making for enterprises, formulated as a Call for Action with seven prospective questions. These include, for example, questions concerning technical aspects like data management, legal issues like the sufficiency of existing data security and privacy regulations, as well as economic topics like the calculation of an appropriate local and temporal granularity.