Experimental Poultry Research Articles

Meat productivity of broiler chickens depending on the conditions of keeping and feeding when using microbial additives in the diet

The publication presents the results of the study of the influence of conditions of keeping and feeding with the use of a microbial feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens of the Ross 308 cross. The birds were kept both in the outdoor way and in cages. The additive is a lyophilized mass of beneficial microorganisms (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and vegetable fillers (edible citrus fiber and maltodextrin). The conducted scientific, production and laboratory studies have demonstrated that the conditions of broiler chickens did not have a significant impact on the studied parameters, however, the use of probiotics in the poultry diet contributed to the improvement of the safety, live weight and meat productivity of the cross. It was found that the safety of the experimental poultry contained by outdoor and cage methods, which additionally received the studied microbial additive in the diet, increased compared to similar groups, but without additives by 4.0 and 6.0 %, the live weight of broiler chickens on the last day of the experiment was 5.5 and 5.6 % more, there was also a decrease in feed costs by 1.0 kg of poultry growth by 3.9 and 4.4 %. The use of microbial additive contributed to an increase in the slaughter yield of the gutted carcass of experimental groups of broiler chickens by 3.2-4.0 % with statistically significant differences in the mass of the body parts of experimental birds compared with control groups.

ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF USING THE "ULTRA-SORB" SANITIZER WHEN GROWING TURKEYS

The article presents data on the effect of the "ULTRA-SORB", a sanitizer used for sanitation of premises for housing turkeys, on the organism of poultry. It has been established that the use of the “ULTRA-SORB” a floor surface sanitation agent for treating the litter, in the studied doses of 100–150 g / m2 improves the morphological composition of the blood in turkey poults kept on the treated litter. The study of the biochemical composition of blood in experimental turkey young stock shows that the treatment of the litter with the "ULTRA-SORB" sanitizer does not cause negative effects in the body of the experimental poultry. Their cellular immunity also improved.

Changes in the biochemical composition of broiler body tissues when feeding with Bacillus cereus probiotic and coumarin

The article presents the study results on the effect of probiotic (Bacillus cereus IP 5832) and coumarin on the chemical and amino acid composition of body tissues when fed to broiler chickens together with the main diet. According to the experimental results, an increase in the concentration of dry matter by 0.27% and crude fat by 0.75% was found in the liver of young animals from the I experimental group compared to the control. At the end of the experiment, the broilers from the control group were inferior in the protein amount in the liver of the experimental poultry by 0.46%, 2.69 (P ≤0.05) and 1.16%. A similar pattern was observed when studying pectoral muscles' chemical composition on the 16 and 29 day study period; the accumulation of dry matter and protein in the poultry's pectoral muscles from the III experimental group by 0.7 and 0.71%; 0.89 and 1.21% relative to the control was revealed. Feeding broilers with a basic diet plus coumarin contributed to the accumulation of essential amino acids in their liver: lysine – by 1.05%, phenylalanine – by 0.41% and leucine-isoleucine by 0.63% relative to the control.

Effect of Storage Time On the Hatchability of Eggs of Two-Line Dual-Purpose Combination for Production of Male Chickens for Meat

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the storage time on the hatching traits of eggs obtained from a two-line dual-purpose combination for production of male chickens that will be utilized for meat. The trial was carried out in the experimental poultry farm of the Institute of Animal Science-Kostinbrod, with a total of 150 Lohmann Brown Classic layers, at the age of 54 weeks. Hatching eggs were gathered for three weeks and were stored for 5, 10 and 15 days at 15-18°C ambient temperature prior incubation. The storage time had no effect on the fertility of the set eggs, however, it adversely affected the hatchability. Prolonged storage led to significant decline in the total hatchability (P=0.0027) and the hatchability of the fertile eggs (P<0.0001) which was lowest after 15 days of storage prior incubation. The viability of the chickens was influenced by the storage of the eggs prior incubation (P<0.0001), and decreased considerably when the chicks were hatched from eggs stored for 15 days.

МОРФО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ УТЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ПРОБИОТИКА «ЛАКТОБИФАДОЛ»

The reaction of the organism of broiler ducklings to the introduction of the probiotic additive "Lactobifadol" into the organism when reared up to 7 weeks of age was investigated. A positive effect was achieved to increase the live weight of the experimental poultry by 5.0 % (p <0.5), the average feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in the group of broiler ducklings fed with Lactobifadol feed was 4.7 % less when compared to intact poultry. The dynamics of feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in the first three weeks of rearing was descending, and from 4 weeks of age until the end of rearing, fodder consumption increased significantly. For 6 weeks of growing, the average consumption of compound feed per head per day in the control group of broiler ducklings was 157.5 g, in the experimental group – 158.5 g per 1 bird/day. The inclusion of "Lactobifadol" in the diet to a certain extent stimulates the processes of erythrocytopoiesis, providing, within the physiological norm, an increase in the level of hemoglobin and the number of leukocytes.

Productivity of laying hens when fed probiotic feed additive Amilocin

The possibilities of increasing the productivity of different poultry species by increasing the absorption of feed nutrients can be realized through the use of new biologically active components that are usually added to traditional feed based on live cultures of microorganisms of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. The effectiveness of different probiotic drugs varies depending on the types and strains of microorganisms that are included in their composition, the dose of the drug, the scheme of its use, age, type, physiological state and productivity of animals. The research has been carried out to study the influence of the use of the probiotic feed additive Amilocin in the diets of laying hens of the cross Hisex Brown on their productivity. The positive influence of the studied feed additive on the live weight and livability of laying hens, egg productivity, quality and quantity of eggs obtained, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental poultry, slaughter parameters and chemical composition of the meat of experimental laying hens has been established. The optimal rate of introduction of probiotic feed additive Amilocin into the diet of laying hens has been determined (0,5 g/head/day at the beginning of egg laying during 10 days, 1,0 g/head/day at the peak of egg laying during 10 days, followed by 1 g/head/day monthly for 10 days until the end of egg laying). The economics effectiveness of using the probiotic feed additive Amilocin per 1,0 ruble of costs was 1,24– 1,35 ruble. According to the research data recommendations for the use of the probiotic feed additive Amilocin have been proposed.

Influence of the biologically active substances on the preservation, growth and cultivation of the ducklings at using the probiotic “Subtilis”

The authors proposed the use of the probiotic "Subtilis" to the ducklings of the experimental group, which allowed them to have a greater increase in body weight throughout the experiment compared to the analogues of the control group. The greatest increase in body weight was observed when weighing a poultry at the age of 36,44,50 days and during these periods it was on average higher by 106.5 g in the experimental groupcompared to the control group. Over the entire period of growing, the dynamics of the body weight of the experimental group of ducklings was higher by 3.7 % from the analogues of the control group. The average daily body weight gain of ducks was 6.1 g (9.2%) more in the period from 16 to 22 days of growing in the experimental group than in the control group. The preservation of the experimental poultry population in the period from 1 to 50 days of life increased by 7%, the growing time was reduced by 4 days.

ЛЕЧЕБНО-ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПРИ КОЛИБАКТЕРИОЗЕ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПТИЦЕВОДСТВЕ

The aim of the research is improving measures for the prevention of periodic colisepticaemia infection of hens in industrial poultry farming. To ensure reliable protection of the poultry flock and break the epizootological chain, an optimal scheme of therapeutic measures was developed for chickens of the Rhodonit 3, Hajseks Braun, Braun Nik crosses. Therapeutic measures were carried out in private farms as of causative agent of infection for industrial poultry farming. In the course of conducting an administrative control of private farms of entrepreneurs engaged in incubation, breeding and keeping in exercise pens chickens, guinea fowls, pheasants and turkeys in exercise pens, it was found that periodic mortality of birds from colisepticaemia was the result of violations or non-implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Past-mortem examination of non-incubated chickens, tur-keys, guinea fowls and pheasants revealed pathanatomical changes in liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. In the ex-periment with colistin antibiotic use, of the polypeptide group, which is active in regard to colibacillosis, the flock of 126990 heads participated. With oral use, colistin is practically not absorbed, it is not exposed to digestive en-zymes, thus creating a high colistin antibacterial concentration in the intestine. In an experimental poultry farm, 30- and 60-days-old chickens were treated with the colistin AVZ antibiotic. The drug was prescribed at the rate of 1 liter of the antibiotic colistin AVZ per 4000 liters of drinking water. The colistin AVZ solution was prepared just before drinking and chickens had it during 2 hours after morning feeding for 7 days (the same procedure was repeated until the flock reached 60 days of age). Chickens were not given antibiotics of the controlled farm. After the antibiotic treatment, the safety of the flock was controlled on the daily basis. A Past-mortem examination was performed with a pathoanatomical diagnosis determination and subsequent laboratory test of the pathological material. The bird mortality in the experimental poultry farm was significantly less (949 heads for the entire period of the experiment) than that in the control group (6931 heads).

The use of organic sources of chromium in the feeding of laying hens

The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of the mineral complex “Availa Chrome 1000”, which used in the feeding of laying hens of the highly productive cross Highsex Brown under the conditions of the Research Center for the Safety and Eff ectiveness of Feed and Additives of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. For the experiment two groups of laying hens (control and experimental) have been formed with 70 heads in each. The diff erence between the groups was that the laying hens of the control group received a complete farm diet, and into the diet of the laying hens of the experimental group the feed additive “Availa Chrome 100” in the amount of 300 g/t of compound feed was introduced. It has been found during the study of the coeffi cients of digestibility of nutrients of the diet in the experimental poultry that the best digestibility diff ered laying hens of the experimental group where the additive “Avila Chrome 1000” in the amount of 300 g/t of compound feed has been put into the basic diet. It has been found as a result that the tested mineral additive increases the digestibility of dry matter by 3,09 %, organic matter by 2,59 %, crude protein by 1,35 %, crude fat by 2,16 %, crude fi ber by 0,63 %. The studied feed additive had a stimulating eff ect on the formation of red blood cells the level of which increased in the blood of poultry of the experimental group by 2,87 %. It has been found that in laying hens of the experimental group the level of hemoglobin was higher by 6,25 %. The use of the mineral complex allowed to improve the egg productivity of poultry by 3,3 % and increase the egg mass by 2,66 %. The inter-group economic eff ect for the period of experiment reached 573,43 rubles, so we believe that the use of organic chromium additives is economically feasible.

The influence of poultry rations on its productivity and resulting products quality

The purpose of the study is related to the Food Security Doctrine priorities and is aimed at finding ways to implement import substitution with obtaining competitive poultry products–meat and eggs. Feed ration of the experimental poultry was as follows. The control group received basic diet (BD), 1st experimental group received BD with probiotic additive «Bacell-M» (Bacell-M). The 2nd experimental group received BD with vitamin-mineral feed concentrate «Tetra +» (VMFC), while 3rd experimental group received BD with feed concentrate complex (FCC). It was found that feed consumption of experimental groups broiler chickens is lower than in the control group (140.1 kg / 42 days) and is in the range 132.6–134.9 kg / 42 days, while the average broiler chicken live weight 2.32-2.35 kg/unit, and in the control group–2.05 kg/unit. The maximum effect of live weight increase advancing when taking into account the reduction in feed consumption is achieved in broiler chickens of the 3rd experimental group. It is established that the feed additives use in the ration contributes to earlier output of replace herd laying-hens to the egg production. The increase in egg production in relation to the control group amounted to: 147 eggs for the 1st experimental group, 189 eggs for the 2nd experimental and 217 eggs for the 3rd experimental group. The nutritional valueand biological active substances (BAS) concentration of broiler chicken meat and eggs from experimental group hens exceeds the nutritional value of control groups meat and eggs.

Application of near infrared hyperspectral imaging for identifying and quantifying red clover contained in experimental poultry refusals

For laying hens, free-range systems are promoted to improve both animal behavior and egg quality. In this context, estimation of feed intake, and particularly the proportion of herbage in the diet, has become a hot topic in poultry feeding management. During experiments, animals are housed in individual cages to measure daily ingestion, calculated by the difference between offered feed and refusals (non-ingested feed). Due to their natural behavior, laying hens tend to put offered feed on the ground, mixing grains and herbage with impurities (wood-chip litter and droppings) which leads to actual ingestion being underestimated. Manual sorting of mixed refusals is tedious. The aim of this study was thus to propose a procedure to identify herbage, red clover in this case, among impurities and to estimate the weight of red clover in entire mixed refusals by combining near infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging systems. A discriminant analysis (based on 8074 spectra) allowed each pixel corresponding to red clover to be identified. The results showed that more than 90 % of pixels were correctly classified. On the basis of the number of pixels predicted as red clover, a linear regression was built to convert pixels into red clover weight in order to recalculate the actual feed intake. A determination coefficient (R²) of 0.95 was achieved. Model validation was based on 12 composite refusals, and resulted in a determination coefficient of validation (R²v) equal to 0.83 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equivalent to 3.4 g of dry matter (DM). The equation was considered satisfactory considering the possible bias in the manual sorting method. The main advantage of this procedure is the reduction in the time taken by the procedure by a factor of 4, while maintaining a high level of accuracy.

The effect of silicon-containing substances on the digestibility of feed and energy exchange in the body of poultry

The article discusses results of studying effects of various doses of ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide (SiO2) on the body of broiler chickens, the dynamics of their live weight, digestibility of nutrients in their diet and the transformation of energy and protein of the feed into the body of an experimental bird. It is established that the use of ultrafine silicon in feeding broilers will increase live weight of the experimental poultry by 3.3–3.5 %, reduce feed intake by 0.7–2.1 %, increase the digestibility of dry matter of growth compound feed by 0.8–1.2 %, raw fat – by 0.2–1.0 %, crude protein – by 0.2–0.5 %, and also increase the net growth energy in MJ per head by 3.5–3.9 %, as a percentage of gross energy – by 8.7–14.3 %, while reducing feed energy loss by 4.0 % and 2.4 %. Therefore, our data reflect the productive effect of highly dispersed silicon oxide on poultry.

Exercise profile and effect on growth traits, carcass yield, meat quality, and tibial strength in Chinese Wannan chickens

The aim of the study was to understand the dynamic changes in daily step counts (DSC) during the development of chickens and to further explore the effects of exercise on the growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and tibial strength of cocks. A total of 600 (half male and half female) 1-day-old Wannan chickens with similar hatching weights were raised under the same rearing conditions. All birds were wing banded and housed in identical cages for from 1 to 8 wk in the experimental poultry house. The dimensions of the cages were 70 × 70 × 40 cm (length × width × height). At the age of 9 to 16 wk, these birds were reared in indoor pens (2 m × 2 m, 1,000 cm2 per bird). In addition, they also had a free-range grass paddock (20 m × 30 m, 1 m2 per bird). The DSC of male and female Wannan chicks were recorded from 70 to 112 d by using a pedometer. At 112 d of age, based on the average DSC, birds were divided into groups representing the highest (HS), medium, and lowest (LS) number of step groups. Fifteen cocks from each group were selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the LS group, the HS group displayed higher tibial strength (P = 0.025) and lower BW, cooking loss (P = 0.014), shear force (P = 0.023), and drip loss (P = 0.008). The DSC had no effects on the female BW or male carcass parameters. There was no significant change in the DSC of all birds from 70 to 112 d. However, male chickens took more steps than females at 15 (P = 0.025) and 16 (P = 0.012) week of age. In conclusion, the effects of the DSC on the BW of Wannan chickens depend on sex, and enhanced exercise could improve the meat quality and tibial strength of cocks.

Quality of muscle tissue and biochemical composition of blood serum of young geese, depending on lipid nutrition level

Use of detailed norms for feeding geese with the introduction of fats into the feeding diet is necessary to increase feed conversion and to obtain better products. The presented article shows the results of studying of the effect of complete compound feed with different levels of crude fat on the chemical and fatty acid composition, organoleptic properties of the muscle tissue of young geese, as well as the biochemical composition of their blood serum depending on the level of crude fat and linoleic acid in complete compound feed. It was determined that the introduction of 2% of sunflower oil into the diets of geese in the starting and finishing complete compound feed did not reveal statistically significant differences in the concentration of protein and fat in the muscle tissue of young geese with an increase in the level of crude fat by 1.9-2.0% and linoleic acid by 43-47%, compared with the control (4.9-5.5% of crude fat). However, a tendency of an increase in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in the muscle tissue, primarily palmitic acid, as well as an improvement in the organoleptic properties of meat was revealed in the experimental poultry. The developed complete compound feed did not adversely affect homeostasis in the body of young geese up to 60 days of age.

EFFICIENCY OF INDEZ DISINFECTANT APPLICATION IN PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

The article presents the results of a study to research the effectiveness and safety of disinfectant "Indez" as a sanitizing substance for the prevention of bacterial infections of poultry, as well as its effect on the respiratory system. In the course of the experiment, broiler chickens from 2 poultry houses were used, where each of them had 10,000 heads of Cobb crosses, which were kept by the floor method. Before and after the use of disinfectant "Indez" measurements of total bacterial contamination were carried out, including sanitary-indicative (coliform bacteria) microflora of poultry, and also studied the effect of disinfectant on the morphological and biochemical parameters of poultry blood. Blood for morphological and biochemical studies was taken in the morning before feeding, by puncture of the axillary vein on the 5th, 10th and 20th day of the experiment. Morphological parameters were determined in the blood of broiler chickens, and in the serum were determined: total protein content, protein fractions, bilirubin level, alkaline phosphatase (LF) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The investigated means "Indez" was used to rehabilitate the poultry house by uniformly sprinkling the surface where the chickens were kept at the rate of: the first sprinkling 80 g / m2, and the following - once a week 50 g / m2. In the poultry house, where the chickens of the control group were, the premises were not disinfected. Analysis of the obtained data on bacterial air pollution in both experimental poultry houses shows that after the use of the drug "Indez" the level of total bacterial contamination decreased in the poultry house № 1 in 3.35 times, including sanitary-indicative microflora in 2.83 times . In the poultry house № 2 after treatment with the test agent, the level of total bacterial contamination was - 573.3 thousand microns. cells / m3 of air, which is 1.5 times less than before treatment. At the same time, the level of coliform bacteria decreased by 1.68 times. The influence of disinfectant on the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens is analyzed. In the study of morphological parameters of the blood of broiler chickens under the conditions of application of disinfectant "Indez" on the 20th day of the experiment in both groups of birds their hematological parameters did not differ statistically and fluctuated within the parameters of physiological norm:
 hemoglobin concentration (95.6 ± 0.6 and 95.4 ± 2.04 g / l, respectively), the number of erythrocytes (3.6 ± 0.24 and 3.5 ± 0.16 T / l), leukocytes (23.8 ± 0.37 and 24.2 ± 0.58 G/l). When studying the biochemical parameters of the serum of broiler chickens, it was found that the activity of the enzymes AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase in the experimental and control groups of chickens during the experiment remained at the same level - from 233.75 ± 3.36 to 238.67 ± 1.28 U/cm3, from 17.4 ± 1.21 to 20.28 ± 1.11 U/l and from 64.2 ± 1.88 to 65.20 ± 2.18 U/l, respectively. It should be noted that the serum of control and experimental birds after remediation "Indez" during the experiment, the content of total protein and albumin, as well as the level of α-, β- and γ-globulins were at the same level with slight fluctuations within the physiological norm: 58.02±1.07– 60.74±1.17 g/l and 33.2 ± 0.65–34.38 ± 1.1%, as well as 16.44 ± 0.68–17.39 ± 0.87%, 13.3 ± 0.91–14.92 ± 0.77% and 33.7 ± 1.03–36.9 ± 0.98%, respectively. The index of total bilirubin in the serum of the control and experimental groups of chickens was also within the parameters of the physiological norm both before and after disinfection of the poultry house in the presence of poultry: from 1.87 ± 0.28 to 2.13 ± 0.22 μmol / l . The displayed results indicate that the use of disinfectant "Indez" for disinfection in the presence of birds did not cause visible clinical changes in the body. The safety of the use of the drug "Indez" in poultry houses in the presence of poultry is proved by the results of hematological and biochemical studies, as well as confirmed by the results of pathological autopsy.

A Data-Driven Prediction Method for an Early Warning of Coccidiosis in Intensive Livestock Systems: A Preliminary Study.

Simple SummaryThe development of new methods, able to promptly detect the onset of the infection, is highly important to control parasitic infections of the intestinal tract (coccidiosis) in poultry. The early detection of this disease would reduce the use of anticoccidial and antimicrobials drugs, thus lowering the risk of antibiotic resistance. A data-driven machine learning algorithm was built to relate air quality data to the time of enteric disorders. The results show that this procedure has great potential to be used as a rapid technique to detect coccidiosis.Coccidiosis is still one of the major parasitic infections in poultry. It is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which cause concrete economic losses due to malabsorption, bad feed conversion rate, reduced weight gain, and increased mortality. The greatest damage is registered in commercial poultry farms because birds are reared together in large numbers and high densities. Unfortunately, these enteric pathologies are not preventable, and their diagnosis is only available when the disease is full-blown. For these reasons, the preventive use of anticoccidials—some of these with antimicrobial action—is a common practice in intensive farming, and this type of management leads to the release of drugs in the environment which contributes to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Due to the high relevance of this issue, the early detection of any health problem is of great importance to improve animal welfare in intensive farming. Three prototypes, previously calibrated and adjusted, were developed and tested in three different experimental poultry farms in order to evaluate whether the system was able to identify the coccidia infection in intensive poultry farms early. For this purpose, a data-driven machine learning algorithm was built, and specific critical values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found to be associated with abnormal levels of oocystis count at an early stage of the disease. This result supports the feasibility of building an automatic data-driven machine learning algorithm for an early warning of coccidiosis.

Premixes based on mustard protein-containing feed concentrate “Gorlinka” and their use in feeding of laying hens of the parent herd

Complex researches on studying of efficiency of use of a premix in which the filler was mustard protein-containing feed concentrate “Gorlinka” as a part of compound feeds for replacement pullets and laying hens have been carried out. Its influence on digestibility and digestibility of nutrients of diets, hatchable qualities of eggs, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of experimental poultry, economic efficiency of production have been studied. It has been found that the input of the feed to young poultry of the experimental group of the studied premix contributed to a more complete digestion and use of nutrients. According to the results of weighing experimental pullets to 150-day age in the control group the live weight was 1719,23 g, and the average daily gain was 7,83 g, in the experimental group the live weight of the pullets was 1775,25 g, and the average daily gain was 8,74 g, which exceeded the indicator of the control group, respectively, by 3,26 % (P > 0,99) and 11,62 % (P > 0,95). Feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry in the experimental group were lower than in the control group by 3,73 %, this allowed to obtain additional net income by saving the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry 1,86 rubles. The economic effect in the experimental group of replacement pullets during the experiment reached 627,75 rubles. When calculating feed expenditures per 1 kg of egg mass, the following results have been obtained: in the control group this figure was 2,18 kg, which was higher than in the experimental group by 0,12 kg. Thus, the input of the experimental premix into feed for laying hens of the parent herd contributed to the increase in egg production and egg weight, as well as a reduction in feed expenditures by 10 eggs. It has been established that the experimental group was superior in all indicators of quality assessment of daily chicks of the control group, which received the premix based on sunflower oil cake as part of the feed. It has been received the chicks in the experimental group 257 heads, and that 14 heads more than in the control group. The chicks of the experimental group surpassed the chicks of the control group in the live weight of one chicken by 0,52 g, and substandard chickens in this group were less by 0,67 %. At an average realizable value of 1000 eggs was 9000 Rub, gross income in experimental group was higher than in control by 0,81 %, which resulted in additional net income from sale of eggs 2916 Rub. Economic eff ect through the use of the premix made up 3782,2 Rub.

The dynamic of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli throughout the growing period in broiler chickens: fast-growing vs. slow-growing breeds

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important threat to public health worldwide. Furthermore, different studies have demonstrated a close association between antibiotic use in animal production and AMR in humans. It is well known that it is necessary to reduce antibiotic administration in farms by finding effective alternative treatments, using more resistant breeds and improving animal welfare. However, to be able to assess the alternatives proposed, it is essential to study the epidemiology of AMR under production conditions. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the AMR dynamic in 2 genetic poultry breeds during the growing period. The study was performed in 2 experimental poultry houses to simulate real production conditions, and no antibiotics were administered during the growing period. In addition, 2 poultry breeds were used, fast-growing and slow-growing. To evaluate AMR evolution, Escherichia coli was selected as indicator bacterium. To this end, animals from each experimental group were sampled at different times: on day of arrival, at mid-period, and at slaughter day. In the laboratory, cecal content was removed and inoculated in selective media. Then, biochemical tests were performed to confirm E. coli. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility was assessed according to Decision 2013/653. At the onset of the cycle, significant differences were observed between breeds, as the E. coli strains isolated from fast-growing 1-day-old-chicks showed higher AMR rates. However, at the end of the period, no significant differences were found between breeds and their presence of resistant bacteria (above 95%). Therefore, although no antibiotics were administered during the growing period, a high level of AMR at slaughter day was demonstrated. Further studies are necessary to determine the main risk factors that increase the level of AMR throughout the productive cycle in broiler chickens. In conclusion, it is important to highlight that although it is crucial to control both antibiotic use and animal welfare during the growing period, measures should be taken at all levels of the production chain.

Use of new feed additive TTK(G) in the feeding of chickens-broilers

At this time are underway the search and study of new feed additives with the properties of growth regulators. One of these is the feed additive TTK(G), made from greens wood of Fir siberian (Abies sibirica), soda ash and clay subjected to joint mechanochemical processing. It contains 4-5% triterpene acids and a large number of other biologically active substances, which have a positive effect on the body of animals and birds. The experience of feeding a new additive was carried out in an experimental poultry house by LLC "Kuzbass broiler» in 2018 on broiler chickens of cross ISA Hubbard F-15. Studies have found that the inclusion in the feed of chickens feed additives TTK(G) in the doses 1.0 kg/t and 1.5 kg/t had contributed to the increase in live weight on 6.8-6.3% (p<0.001), the average daily growth of 6.8-5.6% and a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of growth by 6.0-5.2%. At the same time, hematological parameters (hemoglobin content, the number of red blood cells and leukocytes in the blood) were normal, which suggests that the feed additive from the needles of fir does not have a harmful effect on the body of broiler chickens.

Influence of cadmium sulfate at different doses on the functional state of the liver of laying chicken

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of cadmium sulfate in different doses on the organism of poultry. Absorbed cadmium accumulates in the liver as a complex with metallothionein. The purpose of the work was to find out the effect of cadmium sulfate in doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg of body weight on the functional state of the liver of chicken. For research, three groups of birds were formed: control and two experimental. The control group of chickens were in the usual diet, they were fed with forage and were given water without introducing cadmium sulfate. To the drinking water of chickens of experimental groups for 30 days, added cadmium sulfate in doses: the first group – 2 mg/kg, the second group – 4 mg/kg body weight. The conditions for keeping chickens and the microclimate parameters in the room for all bird groups were similar. Blood from the chickens was taken from the subclavian vein in periods: before the dasg was given and on the first, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first and thirtieth day of the experiment. It was determined that the presentation of cadmium sulfate in doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight of cows, which contributed to a violation of the functional state of the liver, as evidenced by the increased activity of aminotransferases in their blood serum. The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase was higher in serum of blood of chickens in the second experimental group at 21st and 30th days of the experiment. The high activity of aminotransferases in the blood serum of chickens for cadmium loading indicates destructive processes in the liver that cause an increase in the release of aminotransaminases from cellular organelles in the blood of experimental poultry. Thus, the obtained results indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of chickens for cadmium loading.