Experimental Post-test Research Articles

Effectiveness of selected Nursing Intervention on Maternal and Newborn Outcome among Primigravida mothers at selected Hospitals, Tamilnadu

Pregnancy and childbirth are universally celebrated events, Yet childbirth is one of the most common stressed and painful situation which adversely affect the maternal health. The present study was to assess the effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on maternal and newborn outcome among primigravida mothers at selected hospitals, Tamil Nadu. The objective of the study was 1. To assess the maternal and newborn outcome in experimental and control group among primigravida mothers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on maternal and newborn outcome among experimental and control group. 3. To find out the association between post test scores on maternal and newborn outcome among experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables. Design: A one group true experimental post-test only design was adopted for the study. Setting: Annai Theresa hospital and Narayanaa hospital, Chennai. By using simple random sampling 230 primigravida mothers completed 36 weeks of gestation were selected. Methods: Nursing interventions like breathing exercise, massage, position changes implemented during intrapartum period and level of pain perception assessed with universal pain assessment tool during uterine contractions of first stage of labour. Followed by the delivery, early initiation of breast feeding done through breast crawl technique. Effectiveness of selected nursing intervention on Maternal and Newborn outcome among primigravida mothers were measured by Visual Analogue Scale, observational check list and Apgar score chart. Results: The selected nursing interventions are effective in experimental group, the maternal outcome t test value was 10.69(p<0.005) significant, Apgar score t test value was 3.14(p<0.005) significant, newborn outcome t test value was 8.95(p<0.005) significant than control group. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that selected nursing interventions was effective in reducing the level of pain and promote maternal and newborn outcome.

Effect Of Application Of Mineral Trioide Aggregate (Mta) And Nanohydroxyapatite In Duck Egg Shell On Macrophages In Reversible Pulpitis

Pulp disease is caused by bacteria that cause tooth decay in the form of caries. These bacteria can penetrate the pulp through the gaps in the dentine, and develop in the dentinal tubules so that the permeability of the dentinal tubules decreases. Reversible pulpitis is a type of pulp disease, which if left untreated will develop into irreversible pulpitis. Pulp capping treatment as a treatment for non medicament aims to maintain the pulp to remain vital by reducing the inflammatory process. Macrophages as a marker that can be used as a sign when inflammation occurs. Pulp capping treatment usually use calcium hydroxide and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as material agent. Duck egg shells contain calcium carbonate and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate has an effectiveness over calcium hydroxide. the purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the number of macrophages in reversible pulpitis using duck egg nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) and MTA. this research is an in vivo laboratory experimental post test only control design with 27 research samples which one control group and two experiment group. The independent variables are duck egg nanohydroxyapatite and MTA, and the dependent variable is differences in the number of macrophages. there were significant differences in the three groups, where the average value of macrophage formation was lowest in the group of rats that were applied to MTA and followed by the NHA group. Meanwhile, the control group, the reversible pulpitis rat group without medicament application, had the highest average score. The application of MTA as a pulp capping medicament can reduce macrophages in reversible pulpitis using rats Sprague Dawley.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Word Square Terhadap Kemampuan Peserta Didik Dalam Menghafal Kosakata Bahasa Arab Kelas IX MTsN 2 Palu

The learning process using the word square learning model aims to encourage students' understanding of the subject matter, create a pleasant atmosphere because learning is in the form of games, train disciplined students, stimulate students to think effectively because this learning model can be a driver and reinforcement in the material so that it can improve student learning outcomes. In this regard, this study aims to prove the influence of the Word Square learning model on the ability of students to memorize Arabic vocabulary in class IX MtsN 2 Palu. This type of research is tentative. The focus of this research is teachers in the field of Arabic studies of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTSN) with a sample of 62 people. The research approach used by researchers is a quantitative approach with experimental methods. And for this research design use Pre-Test and Post-Test Control Group Design. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 Program with a different test, namely the t-test or the U test (Mann-Whitney). The results show a significant influence of this learning model on students by showing the results obtained with a probability value of < α at a significant level of 95%. And some differences show the average ability to memorize Arabic vocabulary using the model. This explains that these results obtained the mean value in the experimental post-test > than the control class post-test.

EXPLORING CONFIDENCE ACCURACY AND ITEM DIFFICULTY IN CHANGING MULTIPLE-CHOICE ANSWERS OF SCIENTIFIC REASONING TEST

Purpose – Researchers discovered that when students were given the opportunity to change their answers, a majority changed theirresponses from incorrect to correct, and this change often increased the overall test results. What prompts students to modify theiranswers? This study aims to examine the modification of scientific reasoning test, with additional exploration on confidence accuracyand its relation to item difficulty. Methodology –A set of pre-test and post-test experiments which included 20 items of scientific reasoning test with confidencejudgement on each item were used. The items of the instruments were assessed for their validity by analysing their psychometric properties using the three-parameter (3PL) Item Response Theory, which was carried out in R studio. The set of items were randomly administered to 205 Indonesian undergraduate students with a background in science education related major. The accuracy of confidence was determined by categorising correct or incorrect answers to scientific reasoning questions based on their level of confidence. Findings –The results revealed that responses were modified more frequently from incorrect to correct than from correct to incorrect,resulting in a significant gain in overall scientific reasoning score although these modifications were not shown to be connected to theitem’s difficulty level. Even though confidence level also increased significantly, it was observed that Indonesian students repeatedlyresponded with overconfidence even after sitting for the same test after three weeks, which could indicate a lack of metacognitive ability. The findings of this study serve to spur educators to begin actively engaging in metacognitive training in their teaching and learning activities as a result of overconfidence that frequently occurs among Indonesian students in examinations. Significance –This study provides further substantiation in the field of scientific reasoning and cognitive science; that a trend of confidence accuracy change in scientific reasoning test has been observed. It also contributes to uncovering the true ability of Indonesian students when performing such reasoning tests through their repeated attempts.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL ) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas III pada Materi Butir – butir Pancasila SDN Petemon Surabaya

This research is motivated by the lack of students in applying Pancasila practice in everyday life. One way that can be used in this case is the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the CTL learning model on the learning outcomes of class III students on Pancasila items at SDN Petemon Surabaya. The type of research used is quantitative using the experimental method, with the type of Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. This study uses a population of class 3 SDN Petemon Surabaya. Class 3A has 28 students as the control class and class 3B has 28 students as the experimental class. The research instrument used pretest and posttest questions which contained 10 multiple choice questions. The data collection technique used the pretest and posttest standard values, the tests used were: normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the data analysis produced by the experimental posttest were higher than the control. This proves that there is an influence of the CTL learning model on the learning outcomes of class III students on Pancasila items at SDN Petemon Surabaya.

PENGARUH LATIHAN PUSH-UP DAN LATIHAN WHOLE PART WHOLE TERHADAP KETEPATAN PUKULAN OI ZUKI CHUDAN PADA SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER KARATE SMPN 1 RANTAU PANJANG


 Test and post-test experiments with 16 meetings. The research instrument was in the form of the oi zuki chudan punch test for 2 trials and the highest results would be used as pre-test and post-test scores. The object in this study was taken by total sampling, namely karate extracurricular students at SMPN 1 Rantau Panjang. The research location was determined based on sample data collection, namely at SMPN 1 Rantau Panjang with a total of 20 students. The data analysis technique used is hypothesis testing with t-test analysis. The results of the study obtained a tcount of 15.47 > ttable of 5.131 indicating that "there is an effect of push-up exercises and whole-part exercises on the accuracy of the oi zuki chudan stroke in karate extracurricular students at SMPN 1Rantau Panjang" the mean of the pre-test is 13.3 and the post-test is 24. .5 then a difference of 11.2 is obtained.

Situational Foreign Language Instruction in Competency-Based Learning Framework: Ukrainian Experience

Competency-based learning and developing communicative competency is the main strategy guided by the state policy in the education of Ukraine. It has led to a need for reforms in the curriculum and requires rethinking the foreign language teaching approaches in modern educational institutions. The authors claim that situational foreign language instruction has the didactic potential to achieve the learning goals of the competency-based framework. Situational instruction functions as the key component of the updated model of learning. Using a quasi-experimental design, 137 students and 91 foreign language teachers were purposely selected from institutions of secondary education to be the study participants. Validated pre- and post-experimental tests, questionnaires, didactic materials, and a scoring rubric were used to collect the necessary data on students’ performance. The data showed that the proposed situational instruction was effective and received positive responses from the participants of the learning process. The use of communicative situations in the competency-based learning framework makes it possible to approximate the students’ learning to the real-world situations of interaction with people of different cultures who speak foreign languages, and enhances the development of communicative competency.

Research on patient-centered design for post-stroke depression patients based on SEM and comprehensive evaluation.

Since COVID-19, medical resources have been tight, making it inconvenient to go offline for the sequelae of diseases such as post-stroke depression (PSD) that require long-term follow-up. As a new digital therapy, VRTL began to gain popularity. The research is divided into two parts: pre-test and post-test. In the pre-test, an evaluation method integrating reality-based interaction (RBI), structural equation model (SEM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy weight method is proposed. In the post-test the patients' physiological indicators (Diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate) are measured to verify the effectiveness of RBI-SEM model using T-test method. In the pre-test, using SEM, it was confirmed that Pi physical awareness, Bi body awareness, Ei environmental awareness, and Si social awareness were significantly correlated and positively affected VRTL satisfaction (p >> F 0.217; B >> F 0.130; E >> F 0.243; S >> F 0.122). The comprehensive weight ranking based on RBI-SEM considered light environment (0.665), vegetation diversity (0.667), accessible roaming space (0.550) et al. relatively of importance. And T-tset in the post-test experiment considered that the data of the two measurements before and after the VRTL experience, systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), and blood pressure (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased; one-way ANOVA concluded that there was no significant difference in the changes of blood pressure and heart rate among participants of different ages and genders (p > 0.01). This research validated the effectiveness of RBI theory for VRTL design guidelines, established an RBI-SEM based VRTL evaluation model, and the output VRTL for PSD in the older adults was confirmed to have significant therapeutic benefits. This lays the foundation for designers to decompose design tasks and integrate VRTL into traditional clinical treatment systems. Four public health department employees helped to improve the research's content.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Intervention on Good Touch and Bad Touch among School Going Children in Selected School of Sasaram

INTRODUCTION: Touch is a basic human need for existence. From the minute we are born to our last breath, touch nurtures us.1 The purpose of research was to provide education for every school child about good touch and bad touch so that the child can protect himself in this threatening condition. School age is one of the prime time in human development. Early childhood experience ultimately affect the personality of child in later period. Touch is a way of expression, communicating affection, reassurance, comfort, care concern. Which are vary essential in the life of an individual. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of video assisted intervention on good touch and bad touch among school going children in selected school of Sasaram METHODOLOGY: A quantitative approach, true experimental post-test design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programs on good touch and bad touch among 60 school children, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at selected government schools of Sasaram. Simple random technique was employed to select the samples. Good touch bad touch knowledge was assessed using a self structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and Chi square as well as independent t-test. RESULT: The two tailed P value is less than 0.0001, by the conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study it is concluded that a video assisted teaching program pertaining to good touch and bad touch is an effective program in improving the knowledge and awareness amongst the children, which has been depicted in the result, that there was a marked increase in post-test level of knowledge.

THE EFFECT OF OXYTOCINES MASSAGE ON BREAST MILK PRODUCTION IN POSTPARTUM MOTHERS

Introduction: Inadequate expenditure of breast milk on the first day after birth is an obstacle in early breastfeeding in infants. The mother's difficulty in breastfeeding because the milk does not come out causes the milk to dam up and the baby often cries. One of the efforts made to stimulate breast milk production is to massage the spine, which is called oxytocin massage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on postpartum mothers by identifying milk production before, after, and the effect of oxytocin massage. Methods: The literature review design is a traditional review, the literature search method uses the PEOS framework which consists of P (Population): postpartum mothers, E (Exposure): oxytocin massage, O (Outcome): increase milk production in postpartum mothers, S (Study Design): Pre-experimental one group pretest posttest, Quasi experimental the static group comparison, Experimental posttest with control group, Quasi experiment posttest only design with control group. Study selection used the keywords “milk production, postpartum mothers, oxytocin massage” on the Google Scholar database as a whole found 2,780 articles then were selected based on the year of publication of the articles (2015-2021) to 2,500 articles, topic suitability and title to 71 articles, full text downloadable into 23 articles and finally based on the study design, 7 articles were obtained which carried out a literature review. Results: Based on the 7 articles that have been analyzed, it shows that there is a significant effect of oxytocin massage on milk production with a p-value &lt;0.05 because oxytocin massage can increase feelings of comfort and relaxation so that the body can easily release the hormone oxytocin which has an impact on expenditure and increased production of ASI. Conclusion: For this reason, it is necessary to have the role of health workers as educators to provide health education about the importance of doing oxytocin massage in postpartum mothers.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TREFFINGER LEARNING MODEL AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ MATHEMATIC CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

The study investigated the influence of the Treffinger learning model and self-directed learning on the critical thinking skills of junior high school students. The Treffinger learning model is one of the few models addressing the problem of creativity and providing practical suggestions on how to achieve cohesion. On the other hand, self-directed learning is a mental process to increase the knowledge, skills, and self-achievement of individuals with self-planned and self-conducted activities. The research employed a post-test experiment and control group design with two groups. The study employed two groups; one group was treated using the Treffinger learning model, while the other group was treated using a conventional model. Both groups were analyzed using a self-directed learning questionnaire and a critical mathematical thinking skills test. The sample of this research comprised 88 Grade 8 students purposefully selected in relation to the research objectives. The results of the study showed that the Treffinger learning model was statistically significant in enhancing critical mathematical thinking skills compared to the conventional learning models. Additionally, the study found that students who exhibited high levels of self-directed learning were more likely to benefit from the Treffinger learning model than the conventional model, with a statistically significant mean difference of 3.05 points.

Fostering pre-service EFL teachers’ communicative competence through role-playing games

The quality of foreign language teaching (FLT) is inextricably linked with developing students’ communicative competence (CC), a complex formation that is being comprehended by methodologists. The term “communicative competence” (CC) implies the speaker's production of grammatically correct language appropriate to various social settings while observing the linguistic and social rules of native speakers. Despite the complex structure of developing English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' CC, one of the conditions for its successful course is a systemic and technological approach to role-playing games (RPG) in teaching dialogue speech. The study aims to examine the development of EFL students' CC and the effects of RPG in teaching dialogue speech. To test the hypothesis that a systemic and technological approach to using RPG in teaching dialogue speech fosters the pre-service EFL teachers’ CC, the research methodology employed a semi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with pre-service EFL teachers. Participants (n=36) were divided into experimental (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The results of the posttest experiment confirmed the effectiveness of systemic and technological approaches to the use of RPG in significantly increasing the pre-service EFL teachers’ CC.

Counter-stereotype intervention for construction and demolition waste recycling products: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study

The generation and stock of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is increasing, which makes the environmental and economic problems serious. In recent years, China has also launched many policies to encourage and guide C&D waste recycling. However, most of these policies are aimed at contractors and recycling utilization parties, while the lack of publicity and promotion has led to the acceptance in the market is generally low. People may have a negative stereotype of this recycled material recycled from C&D waste.In order to explore a measure that can alleviate this problem, this study used experimental research methods from psychology and neuroscience to investigate the mechanisms of different presentation forms of counter-stereotype intervention materials. This study included two experiments: the pretest experiment verified the implicit-explicit stereotype and neuronal image representation of C&D recycling products through single category implicit association test (SC-IAT), semantic difference scale and functional near-infrared (fNIRS). The posttest experiment was based on the counter-stereotype intervention method and intergroup contact theory. A within-participants design was used to investigate the effectiveness of counter-stereotype intervention and the differences in two intervene presentation forms based on the pretest experiment.The results showed that the counter-stereotype intervention was effective in suppressing the activation of stereotypes. The effects of the intervention were similar for both the video and graphic formats. In the neuron imaging representation of the posttest experiment, the significantly activated brain region shifted from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-dlPFC) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-dlPFC). L-dlPFC is highly associated with the modulation of cognition, indicating that after the counter-stereotype intervention, the necessity of C&D waste recycling and the credibility of the recycling product influenced the participants. So when the stereotype was reactivated, the signal in the L-dlPFC was suppressed, weakening the expression of the stereotype. This also suggests that the mechanism of counter-stereotype intervention is to strengthen the brain regulatory system rather than to inhibit the activation of stereotypes at the source.

The Effect Of Kersen (&lt;i&gt;Muntingia calabura&lt;/i&gt;) Extract On The Number Of Pancreatic Beta Cells: Experiment Study In Rat

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common type of diabetes which can be caused by an increase in blood sugar levels resulting in a decrease in the number of pancreatic beta cells, dysfunction or apoptosis. To increase the number of pancreatic beta cells, antioxidants are needed. The antioxidant content of kersen leaves can improve pancreatic beta cell disorders due to high blood sugar levels by reducing ROS and RNF so that oxidative stress decreases and the number of pancreatic beta cells increases. Aim of this research, to determine the effect and the most effective dose of kersen leaves ethanol extract on the number of pancreatic beta cells of white rats wistar strain induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). This study used a true experiment post-test only with control group design with STZ-NA-induced KI-KV group and normal control KVI group. KI-KIII was given kersen leaves extract at a dose of 0.3; 0.5 ;0.7 mg/gBW. KIV positive control. KV negative control. At the end of the study, the pancreas of rats was made preparations with immunohistochemical staining and the average pancreatic beta cells from the 5 islets of Langerhans were calculated. The average number of pancreatic beta cells that were most effective from the kersen leaves treatment group was KI (dose of 0.3 mg/gBW) with an average of 39.9. There is an effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves on increasing the number of pancreatic beta cells in white rats of wistar strain induced by STZ-NA with an effective dose of 0.3 mg/gBW.

HYPOGLYCEMIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF PORANG (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCHOPYLLUS) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Introduction: Iles-iles / Porang is a tuber-producing plant that is commonly found in Indonesia. One of the most sought after content from Porang is Glucomannan. One of Porang’s health benefit is related to the effect of lowering blood glucose levels because it can prevent glucose absorption. These benefit is interesting to study because there has been no research linking the use of Porang to reduce inflammatory process in hyperglycmic conditions. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and hypoglycemis effects of Glucomannan from Porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) extract in experimental animals. Method: The research design was a true experimental post-test only control group with random sampling to determine 5 white rats into the normal group, positive control group, negative control group and treatment 1, 2 and 3. The positive control group received Acarbose therapy thile the negative control group received carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) therapy. This study used Porang extract (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) with concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg in hyperglycemic white rats that had been induced by Aloxan. The study was conducte for 50 days and then blood and serum samples were taken to assess the effect of hypoglycemia, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant using blood glucose, Malondialdehyde and C-reactiveprotein (CRP) measurement. Result and Discussion: The results showed no significant difference between the groups of rats receiving Porang extract and the positive and negative control groups. However, the MDA levels after 50 days of intervention between the negative control group and the therapy with doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg showed significant differences. Similarly found for blood glucose levels after intervention between negative control group and the 200 and 400 mg/Kg therapy group. This results may be caused by the type of Porang used, the form of the Porang and the concentration level of the Porang extract. Conclusion: Porang with the type of Amorphophallus onchophyllus can’t be used directly, but requires further processing to obtain the active substance Glucomannan.

Pengaruh Myofascial Release Dan Ultrasound Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Myofascial Syndrome Upper Trapezius Pada Pasien Rumah Sakit Semen Gresik

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze whether myofascial release therapy and ultrasound intervention had an effect on reducing the intensity of upper trapezius pain with upper trapezius myofascial syndrome in patients at Semen Gresik Hospital. Methods: This article uses pre and post test experiments conducted on 20 patients with myofascial syndrome upper trapezius pain at Semen Gresik Hospital. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with the sampling technique according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Myofascial release exercise therapy and ultrasound intervention had a significant effect on reducing myofascial pain syndrome upper trapezius in 20 patients at Rs. Semen Gresik as the respondent. Significant results between myofascial release exercise therapy and ultrasound intervention on myofascial pain syndrome upper trapezius were shown from asymp. sig. 2-tailed in the Wilxocon signed rank test is 0.000 &lt;0.05. Conclusion: Myofascial release therapy and ultrasound given to patients had a significant effect on reducing myofascial pain syndrome upper trapezius in 20 patients at Rs. Semen Gresik with significant results asymp. sig. 2-tailed in the Wilxocon signed rank test is 0.000 &lt;0.05.

Pengaruh Core Strengthening Exercise Terhadap Keseimbangan Statis Pada Anak Adhd Di Praktik Fisioterapi Wates Kediri

Objective: To determine whether core strengthening exercise has an effect on static balance in children with ADHD at Wates Physiotherapy, Kediri.Methods: This article used pre and post test experiments conducted on 15 pediatric patients with ADHD. The core strengthening exercise was carried out for 4 weeks with a meeting intensity of 12 times (3 times a week).Results: Core strengthening exercise in the first week had no significant effect on static balance with a significant value of 0.055&gt;0.05. Meanwhile, at weeks 2 to 4, it showed a significant effect with a significant result of 0.001 at week 2 and 0.000 &lt;0.05 at weeks 3 and 4.Conclusion: Core strengthening exercise has a significant effect on improving static balance in children with ADHD in a training period of more than 1 week (minimum 2 weeks to 4 weeks / 1 month). The average of static balance increase on 15 child with ADHD after 1 month of exercise seen from the stork test is 1,54.

The effect of Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) and Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) learning methods on physical fitness satisfaction levels

This experimental research was implemented in two elementary schools, namely SDN Kaduronyo 1 as the experimental class and SDN Palembang 2 as the control class. Before carrying out the research, the conditions must be met: the population and sample must be homogeneous or the same. When the two groups are homogeneous or the same, then normality can be measured by carrying out the normality test. The normality test results showed that the initial questionnaire data for experimental learning outcomes was 0.094&gt; 0.05, the final questionnaire for experimental learning outcomes was 0.088&gt; 5, the significance of the experimental group pretest was 0.034&gt; 0.05, and the post-test experiment was 0.19. Meanwhile, from the results of the normality test for the control class, it was found that the initial questionnaire data for control learning outcomes was 0.200&gt; 0.05, the initial questionnaire for control learning outcomes was 0.200&gt; 0.05, the post-test for the control group 0.200&gt; 0.05 and post-test 0.200&gt; 0.05. So the data from the experimental group are normally distributed. So, the data from the control group are normally distributed. The results of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) learning methods on high Physical Fitness can be seen from the calculation of increased student learning outcomes, from 13.3% to 17.8%. There is a significant influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) learning methods on Physical Fitness; this can be seen from the results of the independent sample t-test calculation on learning outcomes it can be seen that the price is sig = 0.001 with a significance level of 0.05. Thus the probability is smaller than 0.05. This fact shows that the variance of learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes has a significant effect.

Web-based music learning environment

ABSTRACT The paper compares the effectiveness of the online and blended learning of music during COVID-19. The study involved 140 students from Nanjing Xiaozhuang University in China. The research design: a pre-test and post-test experiment with a control group. The following research findings were obtained: the combination of face-to-face and online learning resulted in significant increases in PK (from 205.72 to 303.40), TPK (from 258.75 to 271.50), PCK (from 271.00 to 295.00) and TPCK (from 261.00 to 293.00) among students in TPACK test, which was significant (p < 0.05). The experimental group's scores on the Piano Lesson Achievement Test were higher (293.00) than those of the control group (174.00), which was considered statistically significant (z = 2.67). The research suggests that personalized blended learning to play the piano is more effective than conventional online learning. The results can provide fundamental insights when designing and implementing online or blended piano courses. For example, a piano video tutorial can be created and applied in terms of personalized online instruction. Further on, it is important to explore alternative methods in online music learning (learning through apps, videos, etc.), to study their effectiveness in music education, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Gambar Berseri Berbasis Digital Bertema Sosial Terhadap Keterampilan Menceritakan Kembali Teks Fabel Siswa Kelas VII MTS Al-Hikmah Purwoasri Kabupaten Kediri

This research is motivated by the tendency of teachers to use the old approach or simply convey theory which results in students being less actively involved in the teaching process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using social-themed digital serial media images on the skills of retelling fable texts for class VII students of MTs Al-Hikmah Purwoasri, Kediri Regency. This type of research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent group design. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. The sample in this study is the control class and the experimental class. The variables in this study are independent variables, dependent variables, and control variables. The data of this study is the skill test scores of retelling fable texts without and by using social-themed digital serial media images. The results of this study were the mean scores for the control and experimental pretest classes, namely 61.25 and 68.5, the control and experimental posttest classes, namely 73.25 and 81.5. Processing the t-test with the condition that the two samples must be normally distributed and the variance is homogeneous. The posttest t-test results obtained from the control and experimental classes were tcount 3.535 and ttable 2.024. The condition for the t-test is that if tcount ttable then Ho is rejected. So, there is a significant influence on social-themed digital-based serial image media on the skills of retelling fable texts for class VII MTs Al-Hikmah Purwoasri, Kediri Regency.