Laboratory Experimental Method Research Articles

Diversity of soils, vegetation and biotopes of the regional landscape park “Balka Kobylna”

The article considers the patterns of spatial organization of vegetation and soil cover and the biotopic diversity of the regional landscape park, the territory of which has recently become part of the Emerald Network.The aim of the study is to find out the current state of the diversity of soils, plant communities and biotopes of the territory of the regional landscape park “Balka Kobylna”.Materials and methods. When conducting the geobotanical work, generally accepted methods were used. The soil diagnostics was carried out using soil genetic, morphological and laboratory experimental methods. Biotopes are identified in accordance with the developments, presented in the National Habitat Catalogue of Ukraine; the lower levels of the biotopic hierarchy correspond to the syntaxa of the latest “Prodrome of the vegetation of Ukraine”.Results. The composition of the typological units of the soil cover and the features of their spatial differentiation were ascertained, the diversity of plant communities was evaluated, and the patterns of the mutual arrangement of soil and plant territorial units were revealed. It was shown, that the communities of the true steppes are confined to southern chernozems with different degrees of development; on sod-steppe soils, the vegetation of the true steppes is replaced by petrophytogenic one. A classification scheme of biotopes of the territory of the RLP was compiled, represented by six types of the highest classification units; lower levels of the biotopic hierarchy represent the syntaxonomical division of vegetation.Conclusions. As a result of studying the soil cover of RLP “Balka Kobylna”, 23 soil varieties, included in eight soil types, were identified. 30 formations and 8 cenostructures of communities with the dominance of a certain species that did not receive the status of formations in the dominant classification were identified. In addition to the six natural types, we noted some synanthropic phytocoenoses in RLP. The typological scheme of biotopes of RLP “Balka Kobylna”, compiled on the basis of the “National Habitat Catalogue of Ukraine”, includes 6 types of the highest hierarchical level, 8 units of biotopes of the second level, 11 – of the third one, 6 – of the fourth one (including three more subtypes). The results of the studies indicate the high sozological value of the investigated territory and are the basis for the management activity on the lands of the protected object and the development of measures for the biodiversity restoration

Emulsion Stability Tes and Effect of HNO3 Concentration in the Internal Phase on Cadmium Ion Extraction using Liquid Membrane Emulsion Technique

Study on the emulsion stability and cadmium ion extraction tests was performed using the liquid membrane emulsion technique. This study aimed to determine the emulsion stability between the membrane phase and the internal phase with the variation of the ratio (2:1, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:2), and to determine the maximum conditions of cadmium ion extraction in a solution including the various concentration of HNO3 solution 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M. This study is a laboratory experimental method using benzoyl acetone compound as cation carrier, kerosene as membrane phase, HNO3 solution as the internal phase, span-20 and span-80 as surfactants, and cadmium solution as the sample solution. Cadmium ion concentration in the external phase was determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result showed that the emulsion stability test which produced the most stable emulsion was in the ratio of the membrane phase and the internal phase 1:1. In addition, the concentration of the HN03 solution resulted in a maximum extraction percentage of 1.5 M with an extraction percentage was 95.28%.

The Role of Bonus Allocation in Project Investment: An experimental study using Balanced Scorecard (BSC) Training Treatment

This research aims to determine the role of bonus allocation and balanced scorecard training in the selection of investment projects. This research used a controlled laboratory experiment method with a pretest-posttest control group experimental design which involves two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The experiment was carried out on 46 accounting graduate students as participants. The results of this research indicate that in selecting the investment projects, participants tend to comply with the bonus allocation policies and that balanced scorecard training is capable of predisposing participants to select projects that are oriented to long-term benefits by observed to financial and non-financial aspects. This research is specifically expected to contribute in the form of an illustration to the company about the importance of training related to the concepts and assignment techniques as well as an overview of the importance of providing appropriate bonus allocation bases to improve employee performance and evade opportunistic behavior

Komparativna analiza doprinosa LEM i TM na kvalitet znanja učenika

The aim of the paper is to analyze the contribution of the laboratory-experimental method (LEM) to the quality of students' knowledge of natural and inaccessible research. Papers were also selected to examine the comparative contribution to the quality of students' knowledge: LEM and other learning methods, that is, between student and demonstration experiments. Most of the research so far is focused on subject teaching and they are still rare in integrated science teaching. The research confirms the greater contribution of LEM than the traditional and other methods of learning about quality and durability of students' knowledge. Student experiments in most research contribute to the quality of students' knowledge more than the demonstration experiments. There is insufficient research which examines the impact of LEM on students' quality of knowledge at cognitive levels. In the teaching of most of the contents of natural science, priority should be given to the LEM method or it should be combined with other methods of learning.

Utilization of Leaves in Mine Reclamation Land as Organic Fertilizer with Effective Bioactivatory of Microorganism 4 (em4) and Molasses

Organic fertilizer as an alternative to reduce the scarcity of chemical fertilizers, otherwise it can improve soil fertility. PT. Semen Gresik - Semen Indonesia Persero (Tbk.) Has a lot of plants in the treatment period in ex-mining land that needs fertilizer to help plant growth. In addition, in post-mining land, there is a lot of organic waste in the form of dry leaves under the stands of reclamation trees. The organic waste has the potential to be processed and used as organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine the utilize leaf litter in the reclaimed mine land as organic fertilizer with EM 4 and Molasses bioactivators. This study used is a laboratory experimental method. The results showed the composition of solid material in the form of leaf litter, bran, cow dung and husk charcoal in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1 as well as looking material in the form of molasses and EM4 with a dose of 100ml per 100kg of solid material dissolved in enough water (fertilizer can be clenched and expanded slowly and not broken). Conclusion leaf litter in the former reclaimed land can be processed and used as organic fertilizer.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Avocado Seed Starch (KIT-PBA) Edible Film

<pre>Chitosan is a biopolymer that has the advantage of being able to form films that are non-toxic which has great potential to form edible films. To improve the properties of edible films in the form of antioxidants, it is necessary to add other materials such as avocado seed starch. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of avocado seed starch on mechanical properties, degree of <em>swelling</em> and solubility of edible film chitosan-Avocado Seed Starch (Kit-PBA). This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Steps in this study are (1) extraction of avocado seed starch; (2) Making edible film Kit-PBA (mixing chitosan and avocado seed starch), heating and neutralizing) with a ratio between chitosan: avocado seed starch are at 50:50; 60:40; 70:30; 80:20; 90:10; 100: 0; (3) Characterization of Kit-PBA are (tensile strength and elongation) edible film mechanical properties, <em>swelling</em> test and solubility test. The results showed that the higher the concentration of chitosan in the Kit-PBA edible film, the tensile and elongation strength values would increase while the degree of <em>swelling</em> and solubility would decrease.</pre>

The effect of degradation time in the simulated gastric fluid for bioactive compounds from bekasam

Bekasam contains bioactive compounds (lovastatin and peptide) that has function as anticholesterol. This research was aimed to determine the effect of pH and degradation time to lovastatin, peptides, and dissolved protein in bekasam seluang extract (Rasbora sp.). This study used a laboratory experimental method with 4 levels of treatment (degradation in simulation gastric fluid pH 2, pH 3 pH 4 and control without simulated gastric fluid). The degradation results were observed every the 2nd hours, the 4th hours, and the 6th hours. Each treatment level repeated 3 times. The stages of the study consisted of making bekasam, extracting of bekasam, calculating the yield of bekasam extract and testing pure bekasam extract in simulated gastric fluid. The analysis was carried out using a descriptive method, which is to describe each parameter obtained. The parameters observed are analysis of lovastatin level, dissolved protein levels, and peptide levels. The results showed that the levels of lovastatin, dissolved proteins and peptides were still detectable after have degraded in simulation gastric fluid an acidity level of pH 2, pH 3 and pH 4 for 2nd to 6th hours.

A novel pore-fracture dual network modeling method considering dynamic cracking and its applications

Unconventional reservoirs are normally characterized by dual porous media, which has both multi-scale pore and fracture structures, such as low permeability or tight oil reservoirs. The seepage characteristics of such reservoirs is mainly determined by micro-fractures, but conventional laboratory experimental methods are difficult to measure it, which is attribute to the dynamic cracking of these micro-fractures. The emerging digital core technology in recent years can solve this problem by developing an accurate pore network model and a rational simulation approach. In this study, a novel pore-fracture dual network model was established based on percolation theory. Fluid flow in the pore of two scales, micro-fracture and matrix pore, were considered, also with the impact of micro-fracture opening and closing during flow. Some seepage characteristic parameters, such as fluid saturations, capillary pressure, relative permeabilities, displacement efficiency in different flow stage, can be predicted by proposed calculating method. Through these work, seepage characteristics of dual porous media can be achieved.

PRODUKSI DAN FRAKSINASI ASAP CAIR DARI LIMBAH TONGKOL JAGUNG UNTUK PENGHAMBATAN PEROKSIDASI LIPIDA IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus russelli)

ABSTRACT Mongan et al., 2011. Production and fractionation of liquid smoke from corn cob to inhibit lipid peroxidation of laying fish (Decapterus russelli). Corncob is a cellulose material and can be made to liquid smoke by pyrolysis. Liquid smoke from pyrolysis can be purified using adsorbent. Chitin is an adsorbent produced by crustacea shell. Liquid smoke purified by chitin can act as antimicroba and antioxidant. Layang fish is very abundantly in Gorontalo Province, so preservative techniques were needed to prevent lipids peroxidation in fish. The aims of this research was to determine antioxidative activity of liquid smoke from corncop to prevent lipids peroxidation on layang fish. This research using laboratory experiment methods to analyze total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant and lipids peroxidation on layang fish by spectrophotometer UV-vis. This research using complete random design (rancangan acak lengkap, RAL), thus obtained data were analyzed using statistic. Significant difference between groups were analyzed using ANOVA with p<0,05. If there is significant difference between groups, data were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that liquid smoke can be produced using corncop by pyrolysis is 31,7 %. Fractioned liquid smoke using chitin obtained 4 fractions were fraction I, II, III and IV. Liquid smoke and fractioned liquid smoke contain total phenolic content are 280, 273, 280, 286 and 301 mg/kg gallic acid, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity from liquid smoke and fractioned liquid smoke are 87,39, 86,08, 89,29, 89,90 and 93,73%, respectively. Although, total antioxidant from liquid smoke and fractioned liquid smoke are 59, 35, 51,32, 51,57, 52,74 and 53,58 ppm, respectively. Fraction IV of liquid smoke fractioned with chitin was used in antioxidative activity of laying fish test. Fraction IV with concentration 25% can inhibit lipid peroxidation on fresh layang fish by 19 mikromolar for two days. Although layang fish without liquid smoke shows high lipid peroxidation by 24,96 mikromolar. Fraction IV with concentration 25% can inhibit lipid peroxidation on layang fish by 18,28 mikromolar for two days. Antioxidative activity from liquid smoke caused by it phenolics compound that act as antioxidant. As conclusions of this research, liquid smoke can be produced from corncob and fractioned with chitin. Liquid smoke contain phenolics and act as antioxidant. Liquid smoke can inhibit lipids peroxidation in layang fish. This research suggested that liquid smoke can be used to inhibit lipid peroxidation on layang fish. . Keywords : liquid smoke, corn cob, peroxidation, layang fish

EFEK LAMA PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK KALAMANSI (Citrus microcarpa) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TEPUNG PISANG GOROHO (Musa spp.)

ABSTRACT Kiay et al., 2011. The effect calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) extract on antioxidant activity of goroho banana fluor (Musa spp.). Banana is local food commodity that used as sources of carbohydrate beside paddy. Fresh mature banana can be produced as banana flour to prolong its lifetime and minimalize its nutrition degradation. Callamansi (Citrus microcarpa) contained antioxidant compound. Does callamansi extract improve antioxidant activity of goroho banana flour. The aim of this research was to determine antioxidant activity of goroho banana flour which immersed with calamansi extract. This research using laboratory experiment methods to analyze total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant and vitamins C of calamansi and goroho banana flour using spectrophotometer UV-vis. This research using complete random design (rancangan acak lengkap, RAL), thus obtained data were analyzed using statistic. Significant difference between groups were analyzed using ANOVA with p 0,05) compared with vitamin C, citric acid and blank. Its caused by callamansi antioxidant diffuse into banana flour. Banana flour immersed with vitamins C possess to total phenolic content 1,66 mg/kg gallic acid, free radical scavenging activity 41,98%, total antioxidant 22,8 ppm and vitamins C 0,09 mg/100 g sample, Banana flour immersed with citric acid possess to total phenolic content 1,42 mg/kg gallic acid, free radical scavenging activity 36,66%, total antioxidant 15,15 ppm and vitamins C 0,09 mg/100 g sample and blank possess to total phenolic content 1,49 mg/kg gallic acid, free radical scavenging activity 39,94%, total antioxidant 16,63 ppm and vitamins C 0,09 mg/100 g sample. Antioxidant activity from calamansi extract and goroho banana flour caused by it phenolics compound that act as antioxidant. As conclusions of this research, calamansi possess an antioxidant activity. Then goroho banana flour immersed with calamansi extract possess high antioxidant activity. This research suggested that calamansi extract can be used to produce banana flour with antioxidant activity.. Keywords : callamansi, goroho banana, flour, antioxidant

EFEKTIVITAS PATCH SEDERHANA DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KAYU JAWA (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus)

Kayu jawa plants are one type of traditional plant that is often used to treat wounds, both internal and external wounds. This plant has been shown to have anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid compounds have anti-inflammatory activity by protecting erythrocyte membranes against membrane damage causing hemolysis because flavonoids can inhibit inflammatory mediators and free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of simple patch from Kayu Jawa leaves extract ( Lannea coromandelica Houtt. (Merr.)) On wound healing in white rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) by looking at the extent of the wound closure and changes in wound morphology compared to controls. This study used a laboratory experimental method with 25 rats as test animals divided into 5 treatment groups, namely 3 treatment groups ( simple patch from 2.5% kayu jawa leaves extract, simple patch from 5% kayu jawa leaves extract, and simple patch from 10% kayu jawa leaves extract), 1 positive control group ( simple patch from povidone iodine) and 1 negative control group ( simple patch without kayu jawa leaves extract). The conclusions of the study was the administration of 5% Kayu Jawa leaves extract gave the best effect in accelerating wound healing.

The Effect Of Heating Temperature On The Hardness, Microstructure And V-Bending Spring Back Results On Commercial Steel Plate

The need for low carbon steel plate sheets with relatively thin thickness measurements in Indonesia is currently quite high, especially in supporting the automotive industry, the electronics industry, the food industry, beverages, and household appliances. To fulfill this, raw materials for low carbon steel plate sheets that have high formability and are not easily cracked in critical areas of the desired model are required. For this reason, research on the effect of temperature variations in heat treatment on hardness, microstructure and spring back of V-bending results on steel plates with a plate thickness of 0.8 mm. The research method used was a laboratory experimental method. The heat treatment is carried out with temperature variations of 710, 820 and 9300C with a holding time of 60 minutes. Tests carried out on specimens are hardness testing, microstructure testing, and spring back V-bending results on steel plates. The results of this study indicate a decrease in the spring back angle where the smallest spring back angle in the bending process is on the 9300C plate which is 1,040. The value of the hardness results from V-bending has increased significantly. The increase in the value of hardness because the plate has an atom shift or dislocation by shear stress (slip) due to plastic deformation on the plate. The highest hardness value is on the 7100C plate which is 154.67 HV or has an increase of 14,291% of the pre-bending plate. The lowest hardness value is on the 9300C plate which is 125.33 HV, its hardness increases 4.4% against the pre-bending plate. Heat treatment also causes changes in the microstructure of the plates from the process of regulation and reshaping of crystals to the growth of new grains which have implications for changes in mechanical properties and formability of the workpiece.

Spora Growth Gracillaria sp in Different Salinities

The demand for Gracillaria commodities continues to increase for food, medicines, and beauty ingredients. These conditions encourage the cultivation of this commodity continues to proliferate. Because of that, availability of Gracillaria sp seeds is available both in quantity and quality. One effort that can be done in handling the Gracillaria sp spores through environmental engineering. One such factor is fisheries salinity. The difference in salinity supports the increase in Gracillaria spores so that it affects spore growth. The aim of the study was to study the growth of Gracillaria spores cultured on different salinity media. The method used is a laboratory experiment method with a completely randomized trial design (CRD) with forty salinity preparations (23 ppt, 26 ppt, 29 ppt, and 32 ppt) and is repeated three times. The resulting data were then analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed the highest spore growth at 23 ppt salinity with the number of spores (560.9 Ind / cm2), then 26 ppt salinity (438.8 Ind / cm2), then 32 ppt salinity (429.9 Ind / cm2) and low in salinity 29 with the number of spores (277.8 Ind / cm2). Fingerprint analysis showed that each evaluation results were not significantly different.

ROLE OF LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS IN FERMENTED FEED TO FEED TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT (PROTEIN, CHOLESTEROL)

The study aimed to evaluate the administration of L acidophilus in fermented feed to improve the quality of broiler chicken meat (Protein, Cholesterol) which was maintained for 35 days. The material used is 100 chickens that are 1 day old (DOC). The experiment used a laboratory experimental method with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with a treatment level consisting of feed type Ro = standard feed, R1 = R0 + Fermented corn husk 10%, R2 = R0 + Fermentation of 20% corn husk, R3 = R1 + L acidophilus 2% and R4 = R2 + L acidophilus 2%. Each treatment was repeated 4 times and each replication contained 5 chickens. The results of analysis of variance showed that administration of L acidophilus in fermented feed significantly affected the increase in protein (R1) and decreased cholesterol (R3) with an alpha level of 5%. The average protein content R1 = 21.8000 was not significantly different from R4 = 21.5500, while R2 = 21.0500 was significantly different from R3 = 20.6500 and R0 = 20.2000. The lowest average cholesterol level is found in R3 = 64,000 and the highest at R0 = 96,500. While the cholesterol levels R1, R2, R3 and R4 were not significantly different, but were significantly different from R0.

Gerbang Tertutup dan Terbuka pada Handphone Android Menggunakan Bluetooth

The problem with opening the gate opening now is to work manually, which is opening and closing as well secure with a key, then pull or push the gate. This is certainly less efficient and less effective because it requires time and energy to do it. One solution is to make a control device it works automatically ie using a microcontroller, Bluetooth, and servo motor, with communication devices Android-based handphone. Laboratory experimental methods have been carried out to make 'open and close tools the gate with a cellphone'. Based on the results of the trial using Bluetooth and mobile phones, this tool can work up to a distance of 11.5 meters with a response time of 1 second. This prototype tool is very cheap, practical, efficient and effective in opening and closing gates. Not all Bluetooth can open and close gates because the password is required for the accent. This prototype is a simulation tool that works well.&#x0D;

RESISTIVITY OF PROTEIN KINASE-B (AKT), NF-κB TRANSDUCTION OBSTACLES, AND APOPTOSIS INDUCTION (CASPACE -3, -9) AS ANTI-PROLIFERATION AND ANTI-CANCER OF BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA USING FLAVONOID FRACTION OF ETHYL ACETATE FROM ANT NEST (MYRMECODIA PENDANS)

Introduction: Burkitt’s lymphoma (LB) is a tumor with high malignancy and rapid cell growth and originates from B-cell lymphoma. LB is usually found in children in endemic areas with dengue fever and HIV-AIDS with low socioeconomic levels. Objective: This research aims to analyze resistivity of protein kinase-B (Akt), NF-κB transduction obstacles, and apoptosis induction (Caspace -3, -9) as anti-proliferation and anti-cancer of burkiit’s lymphoma using flavonoid fraction of ethyl acetate from ant nest (Myrmecodia pendans). Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a pure laboratory experimental method using burkitt’s lymphoma cancer cell culture. Gradual research begins with the determination, extraction and fractionation of ant nest plants, to test for proliferation barriers. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD test with a significance level of 95%. Pearson correlation test was conducted. Results: Resistivity of protein expression of protein kinase-B (Akt), transcription factor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and apoptosis induction (Caspace -3,-9) showed increased protein expression was significantly obstacles and prove that the ethyl acetate fraction flavonoid inhibits translocation and activation of transcription pathway NF-κB and growth factors that induces the phosphorylation of Akt signal transduction pathway, and apoptosis induction (Caspace -3,-9). Conclusion: Flavonoid fraction of ethyl acetate from ant nest (Myrmecodia pendans) resistivity of protein kinase-B (Akt), NF-κB transduction obstacles, and apoptosis induction (Caspace -3, -9) as anti-proliferation and anti-cancer of burkitt’s lymphoma.

The assessment of spontaneous ignition potential of coals using TGA–DTG technique

During the utilization of coal in large power plants, one of the major logistical issues is related to spontaneous ignition of the coal. This characteristic of coal depends on the rank and type of the coal, the content of the moisture and volatile matter as well as particle size distribution. This paper presents the novel approach for determination of spontaneous ignition potential of the coal developed as the internal laboratory experimental method. The experimental tests were performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of tested samples at five different heating rates: 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 K min−1 under an air atmosphere. The TGA results were used for determination of tangent slope of the mass loss rate curves in the zone of the release of volatiles at considered heating rates for all coal samples. The linear interpolation of the data obtained by performed tangent slope analysis and heating rates provides the straight line unique for each tested sample. According to the standard method, the slope of the obtained straight line is defined as thermogravimetric index of spontaneous ignition (TGspi). In addition, a new formula for determination of TGspi index was provided. Three different coal samples were analyzed and classified according to the spontaneous ignition potential, based on the obtained values for TGspi by standard procedure and also using a newly proposed method. By varying the gradient of linear dependence of self-heating coefficient against reference temperatures (Tref,i), the mass and heat transfer limitations for different coals were discussed.

THE INFLUENCE OF REDUCING RATES AND METHODS OF TAX CALCULATION ON TAXPAYERS COMPLIANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM MICRO BUSINESS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN YOGYAKARTA

This study investigates whether the issuance of Government Regulation No. 23/2018 regarding the reduction of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) tax rates and changes in reporting methods will affect the preferences of MSME taxpayer compliance. Study were carried out on MSME actors in Yogyakarta using laboratory experimental methods. The test results show that the reduction in tax rates increases the preference for MSME taxpayer compliance. When given the choice to determine the method to be used in calculating taxes, 50% of participants choose to use the final tax rate and the remainder use the normal tax rate method. The option chosen is not based on the complexity of the method but because of the sense of fairer they feel. The last, participants does not refuse when required to use tax calculation using the normal tax rate method after seven years. The test results indicate that the issuance of Government Regulation No. 23/2018 will be able to increase MSME taxpayer compliance in the future. This study investigates whether the issuance of Government Regulation No. 23/2018 regarding the reduction of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) tax rates and changes in reporting methods will affect the preferences of MSME taxpayer compliance. Study were carried out on MSME actors in Yogyakarta using laboratory experimental methods. The test results show that the reduction in tax rates increases the preference for MSME taxpayer compliance. When given the choice to determine the method to be used in calculating taxes, 50% of participants choose to use the final tax rate and the remainder use the normal tax rate method. The option chosen is not based on the complexity of the method but because of the sense of fairer they feel. The last, participants does not refuse when required to use tax calculation using the normal tax rate method after seven years. The test results indicate that the issuance of Government Regulation No. 23/2018 will be able to increase MSME taxpayer compliance in the future.

SURFACE HARDNESS EVALUATION OF BULK-FILL COMPOSITE RESIN AFTER IMMERSION IN PROBIOTIC DRINKS AND CARBONATED DRINKS

Background: Probiotic drinks and carbonated drinks can affect the surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin due to its acidic property. The acid may interfere with matrix and filler bonding in composite resin and will result in the dissolution of resin matrix and the decrease in hardness value of bulk-fill composite resin surface. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in bulk-fill composite resin surface hardness after the submergence in probiotic drinks and carbonated drinks. Methods: This study used pure laboratory experimental method (true experimental) with a post-test only and control group design. One Way ANOVA test followed by the Bonferroni Post Hoc test was performed to analyze the significance from each treatment. A total of 27 samples was divided into 3 groups, namely group 1 of bulk-fill composite resin soaked in probiotic drinks, group 2 soaked in carbonated drinks and group 3 soaked in sterile distilled water. The measurement of sample surface hardness was using Vickers Microhardness Tester. Results: The average value of surface hardness in group 1 was 61.41 Kg / mm 2 , group 2 was 57.62 Kg / mm 2 and group 3 was 65.85 Kg / mm 2 . The results of One Way ANOVA parametric test obtained p = 0,000 (p <0.05) and continued with Bonferroni Post Hoc test which showed significant differences between each group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a lower effect of bulk-fill composite resin submergence in probiotic drinks on surface hardness than those immersed in carbonated drinks.

Antioxidant, Nutrition, and Crystallinity Properties From Three Kind of Glutinous Rice of Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia

This research was carried out using a laboratory experiment method, which analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin, vitamins and the degree of crystallinity with XRD (X-ray Diffractometer), as additional data, analyzed all the elements contained in rice using the X-ray Fluorescence method. The research results showed that the total of Mandoti Kendenan glutinous rice phenol is higher than the other two glutinous rice, respectively 6.88 mg / g (MKR) and 6.74 mg / g (MSR) and 6.24 mg / g (BGR). Glutinous rice from Mandoti Salunkanan and Kendenan has an anthocyanin total of 5.03 mg / g sample and 3.96 mg / g sample is lower than black glutinous rice ie (119.42 mg / g sample). Evaluation of physicochemical properties obtained 11.6-15.01% moisture content, average protein content of 7.98-8.36%, fat content of 1.74-2.25%, total carbohydrates of 88.07-88.49%, and ash content of 0.86-1.15%. Vitamins obtained in all three types of rice showed vitamin B1 in black glutinous rice, namely (0.22) and Mandoti Salunkananglutinous rice of 0.45 but were not detected in the type of Mandoti Kendenan glutinous rice, vitamin B3 was found in all three types of black glutinous rice with values (2.15, 1.63, and 2.76) average total minerals of Cu (0.11), Fe (0.26) and Zn (0.86) (P ≤ 0.05). The conclusion of this research is that the three types of glutinous rice has antioxidant activity and important components of vitamins and minerals.