Experimental Hybrid Research Articles

Producción y calidad de grano y rastrojo en maíces en el altiplano poblano

La mayoría de las unidades de producción de rumiantes en los valles altos, en diversas regiones de México, integran al maíz como fuente de forraje. Este cultivo debe ser, por tanto, alto productor de grano y rastrojo de calidad. Con base en esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento de 36 genotipos de maíz en el altiplano de Puebla durante el año 2017. Los genotipos fueron siete híbridos comerciales, una variedad sintética, nueve poblaciones de polinización libre y diecinueve híbridos experimentales de cruza simple derivados de variedades locales. La siembra se realizó en tres experimentos con diseño látice 6x6 en unidades experimentales de dos surcos de 80 cm de ancho por cinco metros de largo. Se evaluaron variables relacionadas con características propias de las plantas y químicas del rastrojo producido. La principal variable discriminatoria fue rendimiento útil (RUT) que incluyó el rendimiento de grano (RGR) con la producción y digestibilidad del rastrojo. Los genotipos fueron diferentes (p< 0.001) en todas las variables medidas. En RUT, los genotipos sobresalientes fueron: HS-2®, Águila 215W®, SM-16 60x66, SM-16 5x64, SM-16 64x66, SM-16 53x64, SM-16 13x44, SM-16 23x60, SM-16 58x21, SM-16 44x64, SM-16 136x142, Niebla® y SM-16 21x64. No obstante, esta variable logra enmascarar genotipos que tienen producciones altas de grano y rastrojo, pero que tienen baja digestibilidad. Sólo el SM-16 5x64 tuvo superioridad en digestibilidad, pero rendimiento medio de materia seca de rastrojo, lo cual le da mayor potencial para ser un genotipo de doble propósito

Performances of Popcorn Hybrids in Three Geographical Regions of Turkey Based on Yield and Quality Traits

Popcorn is different from other maize types with especially its popping ability. Popcorn has special place in human nutrition by reason of the fact that nutrient content. Evaluation of popcorn experimental hybrids in different geographical regions gives breeders valuable clues in selection best hybrids for the target environments. In the present study, 44 experimental hybrids plus 5 commercial checks total 49 popcorn crosses were tested in there different geographical regions of Turkey. The research was carried out in Samsun (Northern Turkey), Cankiri (Middle Anatolia) and Antalya (Mediterranean of Turkey) ecological conditions in 2016; Also quality studies of this research was carried out in Karaman in 2017. The field experiments were conducted in a 7×7 lattice design using three replications. Grain yield of the hybrids were determined in field experiments. Furthermore; popping volume, unpopped kernels ratio and kernel size as quality traits were examined. According to the results, almost ten hybrids have performed above standards. On the other hand, overall (field and laboratory) results of the study revealed that TBCM2015-41, 56, 62, 76 and TBCM2015-80 experimental hybrids were promising popcorn hybrids for the tested environments. Prominent variety candidates in the research will be tried to gain future agriculture of the country.

CRECIMIENTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS POSTCOSECHA DE FRUTOS DE GENOTIPOS NATIVOS DE TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una de las hortalizas más importantes en el mundo, con un consumo per capita de 20.2 kg. México es considerado como centro de domesticación de esta especie y cuenta con amplia diversidad morfológica de frutos, como los tipos riñón, cereza, ojo de venado (OV), chino criollo (CC), pera, bola y saladette, además de variabilidad genética en composición química, resistencia a plagas, enfermedades y adaptación a condiciones extremas de cultivo. Los materiales nativos pueden ser usados en programas de mejoramiento genético para el desarrollo de nuevas variedades con características que se han perdido en las variedades comerciales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y variables fisicoquímicas relacionadas con la calidad de fruto de ocho genotipos de tomate nativos de Veracruz y Puebla, México, además de un híbrido experimental (CP-HER) y un híbrido comercial (CID-HC), clasificados en cinco grupos (cereza, OV, CC, riñón y saladette), en los cuales se midió el crecimiento desde el amarre hasta la cosecha. Los frutos se cosecharon en estado rompiente (Estado 1) y rojo (Estado 4) y se evaluaron a los 0, 7 y 14 días de almacenamiento. Las variables evaluadas fueron pérdida de peso, color, firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable y azúcares. Los resultados mostraron que los frutos más precoces en alcanzar su tamaño máximo y madurez de consumo fueron los de tipo cereza LOR88 a los 59 días después de floración. Los frutos del genotipo CC LOR102 presentaron mayor firmeza inicial, pero mostraron un descenso significativo durante el almacenamiento, además de ser susceptibles al ataque de hongos, junto con los frutos tipo riñón. Los genotipos con potencial para ser utilizados como fuente de germoplasma para incrementar el dulzor fueron riñón LOR77 y LOR119; los de mayor vida de almacenamiento fueron los pertenecientes al tipo cereza y la mayor firmeza la presentaron CC LOR102 y riñón LOR82.

Analytical hybrid effect prediction and evolution of the tensile response of unidirectional hybrid fibre-reinforced polymers composites for civil engineering applications

The performance of a progressive damage model in quantitative hybrid effect prediction of a comprehensive set of different 16 unidirectional interlayer (layer-by-layer) hybrid composites was assessed. Composites, produced by the hand lay-up method, made out of four different commercially available dry unidirectional fabric materials, namely high-modulus carbon, standard carbon, E-glass and basalt, were tested. Tensile tests on single fibres were performed in order to determine their Weibull strength distribution parameters, which were used as inputs of the progressive damage model. Reasonably good agreement between analytical and experimental hybrid effect results was obtained, which allowed to estimate satisfactorily the reference strengths of the unidirectional low strain composite materials. Next, an existing analytical model for the simulation of stress–strain curve of hybrid composites was adapted to contemplate the hybrid effect, which allowed to predict the following properties of unidirectional hybrid combinations: ‘yield’ stress (or pseudo-yield stress), pseudo-ductile strain and strength. It was verified as well that predictions of the three properties referred to were in close agreement with the test results. Finally, damage mode maps were used in the analysis of these properties and, furthermore, of the hybrid effect and the elastic modulus of hybrid combinations.

Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Hybrid Catfish Exposed to Heavy Metals in a Municipal Landfill Reservoir.

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb in the water, sediment and experimental hybrid catfish muscles, and to compare the genetic differentiation and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) between the catfish from the contaminated reservoir near a municipal landfill and the reference area after chronic exposure. The concentrations of all metals in the water and the concentration of Cd in the sediment exceeded Thailand’s surface water quality and soil quality standards, respectively, whereas the concentrations of these metals in fish muscles did not exceed Thailand’s food quality standards. Dendrogram results in terms of genetic similarity values of the catfish from the reference and the landfill areas were 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.79 to 0.86, respectively, implying that the genetic differentiation of the fish from the landfill was greater than of those from the reference area. The fish in the landfill reservoir had slightly increased protein carbonyl levels. The results indicate that chronic heavy metal exposure can cause genotoxicity of the hybrid catfish and induce protein carbonyl as an oxidative stress biomarker in the reservoir near a municipal landfill.

Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas

AbstractHybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) offers promises to break the yield stagnation in global wheat productivity as a result of heterosis. But, for this promise to be realized, the level of heterosis must be adequate. To test this, elite winter wheat lines from the breeding programs of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL) and Texas A&M University (TAMU) were crossed in a 25‐by‐25 full‐diallel design using a chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) to produce experimental hybrids. These hybrids were planted in a modified augmented design with commercial checks and parents at McGregor, TX, in 2016 (n = 612) and Greenville and Bushland, TX, in 2017 (n = 470) to evaluate for yield heterosis and combining ability. A subset of hybrids (n = 333) were repeated between years. The effect of field heterogeneity in grain yield was corrected by spatial modelling in ASReml‐R. Commercial heterosis ranged from −78.3 to 20.4% in 2016 and −32.9 to 6.2% in 2017. High‐parent heterosis (HPH) ranged from −70.4 to 54.3% in 2016 and −26.9 to 29.2% in 2017. General combining ability (GCA) variance was significantly higher than zero, whereas specific combining ability (SCA) variance was not. Significant maternal effect was identified in some crosses tested by computing reciprocal effects between crosses and estimating variances. This indicates that most of the heterosis is due to additive rather than dominance effect. These results suggest exploitation of GCA for higher yield while underscoring the need for development of heterotic pools to maximize SCA and dominance effects.

Activity-modulated phase transition in a two-dimensional mixture of active and passive colloids.

We study a two-dimensional binary mixture of active and passive colloids as an idealized model of an hybrid aggregate of living cells and inert particles. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of this system using two different thermostats, and we systematically investigate the effect of varying these two effective temperatures on the system behavior, as characterized by its density, structure and thermoelastic properties. Our results indicate that the presence of active colloids shifts the mixture towards the liquid state and renders it more deformable. Such system softening and melting effects due to the addition of active particles are larger than expected from a linear combination of temperatures of the active and passive components. This heightened effect becomes more pronounced as the effective temperature difference between the two components becomes larger. The binary mixture remains homogeneous for moderate colloidal activity, but segregation arises for large effective temperature difference. Our results provide insights to guide future experimental hybrid aggregate studies with promising biomedical applications.

Determining the technical and economic parameters for designing hybrid power units for the budget segment

The paper addresses the issue of designing environmentally friendly and energy-efficient vehicles in a budget segment based on determining the technical-economic parameters. The fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of cars have been improved and substantiated through devising a hybrid power system based on the chosen rational technical-economic parameters. We have constructed three-dimensional dependences of energy, consumed by the unit of traction rechargeable batteries, and a relative travel range, on the mass and steady speed. Recommendations have been made on selecting the energy intensity of the unit of traction rechargeable batteries for hybrid vehicles of different mass and the desired travel range under an electricity-only mode. We have established the travel range under an electricity-only mode per a single charge of traction rechargeable batteries within 20 km to 50 km. The choice of a hybrid vehicle has been proposed depending on the expected average daily mileage and the energy intensity of traction rechargeable batteries. This would make it possible for a consumer to make a decision about the choice of a hybrid vehicle based on the individual planned average daily mileage.Conceptual solutions have been developed to construct hybrid power units based on the economic principle of their design. The scientific results have been confirmed in practice using an experimental hybrid concept based on the ZAZ Lanos Pickup. Such an approach makes hybrid vehicles more competitive and economically attractive

Experimental Cold-Cured Nanostructured Epoxy-Based Hybrid Formulations: Properties and Durability Performance.

Different hybrid epoxy formulations were produced and cold-cured, monitoring the properties development during low temperature curing and aging. All systems were based on silane functionalized bis-phenol A (DGEBA) resins (Part A), cured at ambient temperature with two amine hardeners (Part B). The different components of the formulations were selected on their potential capability to bring about enhancements in the glass transition temperature. The durability of the produced hybrids was probed in comparison to the corresponding neat epoxies by monitoring changes in glass transition temperature (Tg) and flexural mechanical properties after exposure to different levels of humidity and immersion in water and at temperatures slightly higher than the local ambient temperature, in order to simulate the conditions encountered during summer seasons in very humid environments. The thermal degradation resistance of the hybrid systems was also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.

THE USE OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN METHODS IN RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS) BREEDING AT VNIIMK

Introduction. Rapeseed is a facultative autogamous plant; its percentage of cross-pollination is 10–50%, so rapeseed breeding engages the line and population breeding methods as well as the development of hybrids and all innovative research approaches.Material and methods. Among the main techniques used for the development of parent material and, eventually, cultivars at the Pustovoit Institute (VNIIMK) is the pedigree method (individual selection from intraspecific and interspecific hybrid populations, combined with inbreeding). Physical and chemical mutagenesis is also employed in rapeseed breeding at VNIIMK. The material with yellow-colored seed coat has been obtained by exposing rapeseed seeds to various doses of gamma rays (50, 100 and 150 kR). Seed treatment with chemical mutagens is primarily aimed at changing the fatty acid composition of oil.Results. Breeding achievements for winter and spring rapeseed, registered by VNIIMK in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation over the past 15 years, are highly productive line cultivars with a seed yield of 4–5 t/ha for winter rapeseed, and 2–3 t/ha for spring rapeseed. Promising experimental interline hybrids, significantly exceeding the reference in seed yield (by 1.61–2.26 t/ha), have been developed. Yellowseeded lines, which exceed the black-seeded reference cv. ‘Tavrion’ in seed yield by 0.08–0.15 t/ha, have been selected. We developed the material with an oleic acid level of 78.9– 80.5%.

BREEDING OF WINTER RAPESEED INBRED LINES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARENT FORMS FOR HYBRIDS

Introduction. The V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) performs the breeding of interline rapeseed hybrids using the Ogura CMS. The program of interline winter rapeseed hybrid development was aimed at studying the efficiency of self-pollinated line breeding from population cultivars, assessing the impact of inbreeding depression on economically important traits, analyzing the changes in the lines’ traits after their transition to the sterile basis, and obtaining fertility restorer lines with an acceptable level of glucosinolate content in seeds.Materials and methods. Intraspecific hybrids, cultivars developed at the Pustovoit Institute and those of foreign breeding were employed as parent material for the development of self-pollinated lines. Self-pollination of rapeseed plants was performed using spunbond isolators. Over 1000 plants were self-pollinated every year. Generations of self-pollinated lines S1 –S4 were planted on 2.25 m2 plots, and during the growth season their visual screening was undertaken to assess their morphobiological traits. Starting with S5, the lines were evaluated for their yield on 7.5 m2 plots.Results. The inbreeding depression was found to not exceed 3–15% of the seed yield. The transition of the lines to sterile cytoplasm did not have any negative consequences. A series of experimental hybrids were developed, exceeding the reference cultivar ‘Loris’ in seed yield by 23–48%. New hybrid combinations also exceeded the reference in seed yield by 21–54%.

Coppicing improves the growth response of short-rotation hybrid aspen to elevated atmospheric humidity

Aspens are fast-growing clonal trees with a wide circumboreal distribution range, suitable for the production of pulp and bioenergy. The adaptability of aspen short-rotation coppice systems to climate change has rarely been investigated. For a large part of aspens’ northern range, climate models predict an increase in precipitation and, consequently, in atmospheric humidity. Our aim was to clarify the long-term effect of elevated air humidity on vegetative reproduction capacity and dynamics of above-ground growth and size structure in aspen stands. We analysed tree growth data from two consecutive 6-year rotations (a planted and a coppice generation) in experimental short-rotation hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) stands in the Free Air Humidity Manipulation (FAHM) experiment in Estonia. In three plots, mean relative air humidity was elevated by 7% and three plots were controls. Across two rotation periods, the humidification effect on tree height and/or stem basal area increment was year-dependent (p < 0.001): negative in 4 years, positive also in 4 years and non-significant in 3 years. Mean basal area of humidified (11.6 ± 0.8 cm2) and control trees (15.0 ± 1.0 cm2) differed significantly (p = 0.035) at the end of the first but not the second rotation period (9.3 ± 0.9 cm2 and 9.3 ± 1.2 cm2, respectively). Average growth differences levelled out already in the beginning of the second rotation, suggesting that some root-level acclimation must have taken place. The annual size-growth relationships (SGR) indicated a more size-symmetric growth in humidified (SGR = 1.00 ± 0.05) and a size-asymmetric growth (SGR = 1.12 ± 0.04) in control stands, implying a greater role of root-competition in humidified stands. In humidified stands, the growth of re-sprouting trees was more strongly determined by parent tree size, indicating a stronger carry-over of size hierarchy. The tree height diversity fluctuated more in control stands, where mortality was higher, especially after dry years. To summarise, short- and long-term responses of hybrid aspen to elevated air humidity varied, emphasizing the importance of long-term climate manipulations with trees. Generally, hybrid aspen short-rotation coppice forests showed promising acclimation capacity with future more humid climate predicted for northern latitudes.

Gene action and heterosis for yield and kernel quality traits in experimental hybrids in sweet corn relevant for Indian conditions

Gene action and heterosis for yield and kernel quality traits in experimental hybrids in sweet corn relevant for Indian conditions

Environmental modeling of interaction variance for grain yield of medium early maturity maize hybrids

The phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) represents permanent interest for breeders, geneticists and biometricians with its practical and theoretical aspects. We investigated GEI for grain yield of medium early maturity maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids from the official variety trial network by the Department of Protection and Recognition of Varieties of the Republic of Serbia that includes experimental maize hybrids on eight sites over two years. Environmental variables explained 77.6% and 60.7% of the GEI variation for two consecutive years, respectively. Factorial regression combined with stepwise procedure revealed the model which includes variables precipitation in July (pr7), minimum temperature in May (mnt5), maximum temperature in May (mxt5) and insolation hours in April (sh4), in 2004, and environmental index (EI) and average temperature in September (mt9) in 2005, to be the most explanatory models in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia) in two consecutive years. These results provide a base for further research in GEI and stability analysis, and are a useful tool in characterizing the sub-regions of maize growing area and extending the existing results to new sites.

An Efficient Hybrid Approach of Attribute Based Encryption For Privacy Preserving Through Horizontally Partitioned Data

In the current scenario, the majority of the applications are having the database and it is increasing day by day. The major problem is how to use those databases by sharing it for the societal benefit. So information security is the real concern while sharing the data with the third party. This article aims to implement cryptography on the horizontally partitioned database. There are number of PPDM techniques. Cryptography techniques [9] are one of the solutions for information securities. But each technique is having its own disadvantages. Means if we use individual encryption technique then hackers may misuse the data by decrypting it. So in this research article hybrid approach is used to secure the data. With the help of horizontally partitioned database table. symmetric and asymmetric techniques are used for the partitioned table. In the experimental result symmetric, an asymmetric and hybrid approach of encryption is discussed. This is an approach of implementing encryption on different attribute and different rows in one data set. The tabular and graphical analysis shown that this approach is comparatively good in PPDM.

Experimental investigation on aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated through stir casting technique

In this experimental investigation aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) is fabricated through stir casting process by varying the Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) (2%, 4% and 6%) and keeping the percentage of graphite (C) as constant (3%). In this paper effect of weight percentage of reinforcement were investigated. Microstructure, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength were estimated for the different weight percentage of reinforcements. Microstrucutre reveals that the distribution of the reinforcement and non evident of the clustering of the reinforcements in the aluminium hybrid MMCs was due to the stirring effect. Microhardness records its highest value of 95.4 VHN for 6% of ZrO2 and minimum value of 76.8 VHN for 2% of ZrO2 and 3% of C. Higher tensile strength of 149 MPa is observed for the 6% of ZrO2 and 3% of C and lower tensile strength of 134 MPa for the 2% of ZrO2 and 3% of C.

Wybuchowa Walencja. Futurystyczna wyobraźnia i siła tradycji w kreowaniu obrazu przestrzeni miejskich. Konkurencja i konflikt czy współistnienie i pochwała różnorodności?

This article presents selected districts of Valencia and the gradual transformation of their image. The formulation of an appropriate strategy of action and the effect of an example that were initiated by the construction of the City of Arts and Sciences have broken through the stagnation in thinking about space. Revitalisation efforts have been initiated in many of the city’s districts, as well as in its suburban zone. The great explosion of ideas and emotions also carried over to expanding the historical traditions of the city and the holistic, multi-directional approach to the subject matter of renewal, providing the city with economic stimulation. The author’s own analyses presented in the article pertain to Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias (City of Arts and Sciences), the new development of the Poblats Marítims coastal district, the Ciutat Fallera district and the Orba district of the town of Alfafar, located in Valencia’s metropolitan area. Various proposals for transforming the spatial structure of these districts point to the possibility of conducting an experimental hybrid policy intended to reconcile economic rescaling, entrepreneurship and cultural regionalism in the planned landscape.

Experimental Hybrid Testing of a Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Bridge Pier Subjected to Vertical and Horizontal Ground Motions

Hybrid simulation is a form of advanced testing that combines both numerical and experimental techniques to achieve an economical seismic response assessment of structures. The technique utilises the best feature of computer simulations and combines these with experimental testing. This makes hybrid simulation a powerful platform for experimentally studying the seismic responses of structures to collapse. This paper presents an application of hybrid simulation for tracing the seismic responses of a concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column subjected to combined horizontal and vertical ground accelerations. A state-of-the-art testing facility, known as the multi axis substructure testing (MAST) system, was used to impose complex boundary effects on the physical specimen using mixed load and deformation modes. The column was subjected to five increasing ground motion levels. During the test, the column experienced large axial force variations of up to 2.2 MN and reached a maximum drift of 8.8% without significant damage. The results demonstrate that this CFST column is thus capable of resisting large compression and tension forces, offering high levels of ductility without collapse.

Performance Modeling of Classification Techniques on Movie Sentiments

The sentiment-based social media represents a goldmine approach for analyzing the performance of the products, hotels, movies, politics, etc. Large opinions of the people are found over movie comments that are honest, informative, and casual as compared to the formal type of data-survey modeling using magazines or reports. The work proposed is based on the rating of movies. This paper analyzes the performance of classifiers for the prediction of sentiment class i.e., positive and negative by using artificial neural network, k-nearest neighbor and hybrid approach. The success of these classification techniques depends mainly on the appropriate extraction of the set of characteristics used to detect sentiments. Hybrid of two or more classifiers is mainly used to enhance the results. In the proposed experiment Hybrid of ANN and KNN shows improvement in precision and accuracy than other classifiers.

Evaluación de dos cruzamientos experimentales de tres vías de pollo campero bajo dos manejos de la alimentación

Campero chicken is a type of meat producing bird with a lower body weight gain and a greater rusticity than their industrial broilers counterparts do, intended for semi-intensive production systems that prioritizes aspects related to animal welfare. The traditional feeding scheme includes the use of three types of diets specially formulated for this purpose (Starter, Grower and Finisher). Taking into account the complexity of managing three types of food in small farms, the producers consider the possibility of managing only two: “Starter” and “Finisher”. The aim of this work was to characterize the productive behavior and the physical quality of the meat, of males of two threeway experimental hybrids of free range chickens -Campero Casilda y Campero Pergamino- as alternatives to the twoway cross Campero INTA. Both experimental crosses were evaluated under two feeding regimens (a) traditional, with three diets (Starter, Grower and Finisher) and three rations, and (b) alternative, with only two diets (Starter and Finisher) combined in five rations. The experimental crosses performed in an equivalent manner for almost all traits, being both heavier than Campero INTA, which transforms them into valid options for poultry systems alternative to the industrial one. The lack of meaningful productive differences when Grower feed was replaced by three Starter + Finisher combinations, indicates the feasibility of avoiding its inclusion in the feeding scheme, thus simplifying the production of this type of free-range birds.