Experience Of Metaphor Research Articles

국어의 조사를 대체하는 다단어 표현 연구: 체계기능언어학의 경험적 은유의 관점

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between experiential metaphors and multiword expressions that substitute for postpositional markers in Korean from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. Methods grammatical metaphor, a concept introduced in Halliday (1985), operates in the opposite direction of metaphor to lexical metaphor. Whereas lexical metaphor starts at the lexical-grammatical level and realizes ‘alternative meanings’ at the discourse-semantic level, grammatical metaphor starts at the discourse-semantic level and realizes ‘alternative forms’ at the lexical-grammatical level. More specifically, circumstantial(or postpositional) metaphor is a phenomenon in which a multiword expression, such as phrase or clause, metaphorizes the meaning of a particular adverbial postposition, and has various lexicogrammatical alternative realizations. Here, the former circumstantial metaphoric expressions are called incongruent, and the latter adverbial postpositions are called congruent. Results The results of this study show that multiword expressions in Korean three different kinds: verbatim type, experiential metaphor type (Type I), experiential idiomatic type (Type II). Among these, the verbatim is only recognized as an entry stage for multiword expressions. After reviewing in detail the lists of previous studies (postpostion equivalents, postpostional collocation, periphrastic construction, grammaticalization, etc.), this paper applies the criteria of non-congruent, congruent, and postpositional meanings to them, and finally selects 34 experiential metaphors that substitute for postpositional markers and 13 idiomatic forms that replace postpositional markers. Conclusions Although we have limited our discussion to grammatical metaphors as substitution for postpositional markers, the scope of application of grammatical metaphors is very broad, and future research efforts need to continue to expand the scope.

A Foam of Blocks: Lawrence Halprin’s Architectural Language:A Crossing through the Venetian Wilderness: Architectures 1979-1999

This paper is part of a bigger study on Lawrence Halprin, conducted through the analysis of his personal archives present at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Seattle’s City archives, together with trips and dedicated surveys for some of his projects. Many of Halprin’s urban projects are culturally linked to the 60s and 70s: the assassination of Martin Luther king Jr in Memphis and of Robert Kennedy in Los Angeles, the student protests against the Vietnam War, and the subsequent occupying of university campuses, and the violent clashes between protesters and the police. Yet as public space became the stage for confrontation in many American cities, Halprin’s open space projects seemed to encourage a different type of use: joyful playfulness, performance, dace. Many of his designs in fact, were developed with the idea of performance in mind, not surprising, as Halprin’s wife, Anna Halprin, was an important contemporary dancer and choreographer with whom he collaborated often, as well as one of his collaborators, Angela Danadjieva, a former designer of constructivist-inspired sets for Bulgarian state films. Larger urban renewal interventions were also fueled by the Federal Housing Act of 1949 that encouraged “slum removal”, inner cities-neighborhoods deemed beyond repair, and the “Federal-Aid Highway Act” of 1968, that encouraged the construction of superhighways to increase connectivity between cities and states. What appeared simply radical, is the fundamentally traditional idea of designing public spaces within the city with the deliberate intention for them to be beautiful and pleasurably utilized by the surrounding communities. These ideas had simply been replaced by design principles developed for the car, like multi lane roads, parking lots, shopping centers, drive thrus, etc.... The significance of these spaces can be seen for example in the Portland sequence – “Lovejoy Fountain, Pettygrove Park, and Forecourt (later renamed Ira Keller) Fountain, along with the lesser-known Source Fountain – represented a new kind of urban plaza, a grandly sculptural, metaphorical experience of nature that welcomed an activity largely absent from the midcentury American downtown: play”. Skyline park in Denver, project that linked together three downtown blocks also encouraged play though the creation of metaphorical high-mountain cascades, canyons and open fields, designed through a series of fractured geometries of blocks and water basins for fountains. The presence of water features is a constant in Halprin’s designs, inspired by the wet and dry environments of the High Sierra. In fact, Halprin believed that only with flowing water can true beauty be achieved. This is very visible in all of his fountains but perhaps particularly in Seattle’s Freeway Park, where the water cascades, with their loud roaring manage to drown out the sounds of the adjacent freeway. His fountains are actual pieces of wilderness, geometrically mutated and transplanted into the city that with their glittering and static effects, without any type of barrier, effectively invite active participation, and encourage human activities like splashing, climbing, crawling, bathing, contemplating... In a cultural context that seemed to promote separation and isolation between different parts of established cities, Lawrence Halprin, with small or large commissions in Portland, San Francisco, Minneapolis, Denver, Seattle attempted (and in many ways succeeded) to create connections on the small, urban, human scale. By the 1990s, Halprin’s blend of nature, theater and urbanism would be established in a growing collection of plazas, and parks that, in each case, set the stage for major new public spaces.

Taking the plunge, juggling acts, and friendly fire

Students embarking on higher education confront many challenges. Particularly since the Covid-19 pandemic, universities have become increasingly concerned to address these challenges and to develop comprehensive strategies to nurture student wellbeing. Distance learning courses create additional pressures, however, and not only because online students tend to be older than typical undergraduate student cohorts and therefore present with an array of social and caring responsibilities at the point of enrolment. The present study’s objectives were to explore how distance learning students describe their experiences of online learning, with a particular focus on their engagement with their course, their lifestyle and wellbeing challenges, and their interactions with staff and fellow students. Developing Shinebourne and Smith’s (2010) innovative phenomenology coupled with experiential metaphor methodology, we employed a two-stage data collection methodology based on participant diaries and follow-up interviews. In Stage 1, diaries captured student experiences in real time. Diary entry data subsequently informed the schedules of the semi-structured interviews that followed in Stage 2. Metaphorical analysis provided insight into online students’ lifeworlds, in terms of the practical challenges of balancing roles with time pressures, the existential struggle of forging a new identity, and the search for meaningful interpersonal connections. Six inter-related metaphors were unearthed: ‘Plunging into the Deep’; ‘Impostor Syndrome’; ‘A Precariously Balanced Juggling Act’; ‘The Gift of Time’; ‘Hostile Territories and Friendly Fire’; and ‘House of Cards’. Confirming and extending previous work, our findings demonstrate that online distance learning is a journey of self-doubt and discovery interrupted by both traumatic and transformative moments as students strive to succeed against multiple existential threats. We recommend that universities devote resources to facilitating an understanding of online students’ unique circumstances to provide them with informed and effective wellbeing support at the start of and throughout their journeys.

Conceptual meanings of permanency: Photovoice with care-experienced youth

ABSTRACT Children in out-of-home care have a developmental need for safe and secure relationships to meet their long-term social, emotional and physical needs. Permanency has been a guiding principle in child protection since the mid-1970s, with the focus on creating legal and residential certainty. Permanency is a complex felt and lived experience for children and young people that cannot be reduced to a single dimension, such as legal permanency. A critical gap exists in understanding the perspective of young people and using research methods such as Photovoice that facilitate expression of intangible concepts. Eleven care-experienced young people aged 16 to 25 years took part in participatory research in New South Wales. Participants used photography to explore literal and metaphorical experiences of permanency and thematic analysis was used to interpret visual and textual data. The results present a more nuanced picture of permanency as an internal state and reveal that young people actively cultivate the felt sense of security and belonging in their lives through connection with nature, people and culture. Photovoice empowers participants as co-creators of knowledge and presents new insights to inform public discourse and policy and practice developments.

Living on the Edge: Paradoxical Experiences With Ethics.

Paradox is living phenomenon that provides insights into straight thinking and diverse human experiences important to the discipline of nursing from a nursing philosophical theory-based approach. Here, the author delves into the metaphorical experience of living on the edge and the paradoxical concepts that assist the discipline in its thinking about artificial intelligence. Possible ethical implications of utilizing artificial intelligence from a humanbecoming ethos of understanding are discussed. The metaphorical implications for future disciplinary priorities are presented.

사진을 활용한 시 쓰기 교육 연구

Objectives This study searched for a method to enhance both writing poetry and quality of media language education, using photographic images in a poetry writing class. Focusing on the similarity of the meaning structure of photography and poetry, confirmed that self constructed idea and embodying the nature of the metaphoric experience of poetry writing education was possible. Teaching writing a poetry shall start from teaching and learning that can profoundly use poetry in the daily lives and express stories that can be empathized. Writing photographic poetry class where a student can implement a special meaning in their daily lives, is composed of student activity oriented class. Likewise, photographic poetry is a result of emotional relationship creation, embodying the value and ideology they want to reveal into a poetry, using the photographic images they have chosen.
 Methods The objects of this study were 278 male students in Y highschool of Seoul, second grade, 11 classes. In this study, chose second grade students of Y highschool, got permissions beforehand and set the research period from the 19th of September to 24th of October in 2022, and proceeded research class. Collected activity report and survey as soon as the class ended and analyzed the results.
 Results Learning the expression of ‘self-compositional ideas’ and ‘the substance of metaphorical experiences’ expressed in the process of poetry classes using photography was able to solve the problems of learners who avoid poetry writing classes and burden from vague poetry writing tasks. In addition, through a series of processes from photo planning and photography, learners' participation and satisfaction in class were greatly improved, and the effectiveness of classes and the quality of lectures were improved. The results of the poem writing class using the photos of this study are summarized as follows. First, students became interested in poetry class. Second, through photographic poetry writing class conducted in a free atmosphere, it was confirmed through survey results that they had no difficulty in expressing their emotions in poetry language. Third, by sharing their photographies and poetries with their friends, they grew in confidence in writing a poetry.
 Conclusions In the future, research on incorporated literature teaching research shall be activated, for each level poetry writing of students who live in the era of social network. Hoping this tendency of change in literature education for the new era after the pandemic to prolong, there should be various poetry writing class method beyond single poetry writing class.

Clinician experience of metaphor in chronic pain communication.

This study investigated clinician experience of patient use of metaphors in chronic pain communication. Interviews were conducted with eighteen Australian clinicians working with chronic pain patients, age range 26-64years (M=46.6), 50% female, experience working in chronic pain ranging from 2 to 27years (M=11.16). Thematic Analysis yielded four key themes: Metaphor as communicative tool, Metaphor as clue, Metaphor as obstacle, and Metaphor use in treatment. Clinicians identified metaphor as an important tool for patients to communicate their pain experience, whilst acknowledging that it could at times be unhelpful to patients. Metaphor was seen to contain useful information for clinicians and possess utility in assessment and treatment. Metaphors play a significant role in chronic pain consultations, enabling clinician insight into pain type, psychopathology, and patient pain understanding. Metaphor in treatment phases may be underutilised. Clinicians should encourage patient metaphor use in chronic pain communication.

Metaphorical experience

AbstractThis article examines whether metaphorical experiences are better characterized in terms of contiguity or cross-domain mappings. My claim is that many facets of concrete experience are infused with metaphoricity as part of our ordinary understanding of these events. Many source domains in conceptual metaphors may also be interpreted via different metaphorical ideas. If both source and target domains in metaphorical concepts may be characterized in metaphorical terms, then the relationship between them may be related via contiguity or metonymy rather than cross-domain mappings. For this reason, metaphorical concepts and language may originate in the contiguous, and at times almost isomorphic, relationships between concrete actions and larger metaphorical ideas.

Chinese Nominal Groups: The Metaphorical Realization of Figures

In this paper, we examine how nominal groups in Mandarin Chinese are involved in the realization of experiential grammatical metaphors, drawing on data from a history textbook chapter that recounts historical activities in the Opium War. We approach nominal group realizations of historical activities from a ‘top-down’ perspective along the hierarchy of stratification. While the discourse semantic figures construing activities can be realized congruently through a clause, the academic discourse of history favors nominal realizations. Previous descriptions of nominal groups in Mandarin Chinese have focused predominantly on the realization of entities. The nominal realizations of figures, however, have yet to be given sufficient consideration. We will show that some elements involved in such nominal groups do not share the functional characteristics of congruent ones. In addition to recognizable functions including Thing, Epithet, Measurer, Deictic and Qualifier, two distinctive functions, named here as Target and Orientation, are also identified. Our study aims to illustrate a descriptive method that considers multiple strata and provide a description of nominal groups involved in metaphorical realizations. The study suggests that grammatical descriptions need to reason from above, as well as round about and below – taking into account both discourse semantics and register variation.

I. A. KRYLOV — THE FABULIST IN THE ASPECT OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS

The article deliberately addresses the issue of self-consciousness of I. A. Krylov the fabulist. It identifies the factors that contributed to the concentration of an already mature poet, playwright and prose writer on work in a particular genre, as well as the impulses of his entry into the specifics of the fable and the world genre tradition in the conditions of the formation of an internal request for the status of a national poet and the authority of expressing folk wisdom. The crystallization of the macro-intention of Krylov’s nine books of fables, the identification of the strategy of his book-making is understood as the explication of the dynamics and structuring of the author’s self-awareness, his aesthetic and poetological purposefulness and value success in Russian culture on the transition from the traditionalist to the individual creative paradigm of the development of artistic literature. The meaningful component of the fable is seen as a system of requirements for the arrangement of the peacekeeping apparatus of the master of the word and the possibilities of the national speech tradition to respond organically to the common challenge. Krylov’s subjectivity is seen as a purposeful process of building oneself as a national and competitive global figure into a number of the highest representatives and exponents of the wisdom of mankind. The authors of the article proceed from the fact that the type of self-consciousness of the fabulist pre-establishes the synthesis of nature, society and the individual, striving for a reasonable, orderly and optimistic coexistence, taking into account the genetic experience of universal metaphor and aphorism, genre inclusions of sentimentalism and romanticism. The links in the promotion of Krylov’s individual artistic system are also fixed, in particular his comedic practice, as a prerequisite for the transition to the decisive choice of the form of aesthetic expression. The research methodology is focused on combining elements of cultural, historical-genetic, semiotic, typological approaches to the analysis of literary phenomena with a common frame of achievements of Russian historical poetics.

ArtClimateRoad and Revelations: Wood textures and experiential metaphors

This Multimodal Sensations article explores embodied experiential metaphors. It focuses on the salient modalities of interaction with wood texture. As both an artist and researcher, I have been particularly concerned with how social semiotic theory can be applied to my work, and specifically, how concepts from multimodal analysis can be transformed into the process of multimodal artistic creation. This article reflects on an example linking a historic anniversary, the texture of ancient wood and interaction of a local participant audience. The analysis applies a combination of concepts gleaned from the theories of Theo van Leeuwen (2016), Juhani Pallasma (2012) and Kjetil Røed (2019) to participant reflections from an art project called ArtClimateRoad.

Empirical Investigation of the Verbal Cues Involved in Delivering Experiential Metaphors.

Delivering metaphors experientially has been emphasized in several psychotherapies, such as acceptance and commitment therapy. However, few research has analyzed the variables involved in the efficacy of metaphors. This experimental analog study aims to advance in this topic by analyzing the effect of two components involved in the experiential delivery of metaphors in psychotherapy. The first component is presenting the metaphor by asking the individual to imagine herself as the protagonist of the story versus presenting the metaphor in the third person (Self vs. Other). The second component is the inclusion of verbal cues prompting the relational elaboration of the rules derived from the metaphor content versus not including these prompts (Elaboration vs. No Elaboration). The effect of these components was tested in a double-blind, randomized, 2 × 2 factorial experiment that used the cold pressor task (CPT). Eighty-four participants were exposed to the CPT at the pretest. Afterward, participants were randomly assigned to four experimental protocols. The protocols were audiotaped and consisted of the same metaphor presented in four slightly different ways. Specifically, the protocol of Condition A involved a metaphor with Self and Elaboration, Condition B involved Self and No Elaboration, Condition C involved Other and Elaboration, and Condition D involved Other and No Elaboration. Then, participants were re-exposed to the CPT in the posttest. We hypothesized that Condition A (Self and Elaboration) would show a higher mean increase in pain tolerance than the remaining conditions, which would show similar results. The results were consistent with this hypothesis because Condition A showed a higher percentual increase in pain tolerance (Condition A: M = 268.21, SD = 167.47; Condition B: M = 180.86, SD = 73.01; Condition C: M = 204.81, SD = 100.19; Condition D: M = 175.41, SD = 76.00). A Bayesian informative hypothesis evaluation showed that this hypothesis obtained the highest posterior model probability. Thus, the results indicate that introducing metaphors by asking the individual to imagine herself as the protagonist of the story and providing prompts for relational elaboration might increase the therapeutic effect of the metaphor.

What does it mean to feel small? Three dimensions of the small self

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in the “small self”, there is little clarity about what it means and how it should be measured. Three studies (N=922) identified three constructs: (1) self-size (metaphorical experiences of smallness), (2) vastness relative to the self (feeling the presence of something bigger than the self) and (3) self-perspective (feeling as though one’s day-to-day concerns are trivial in the big picture). Each dimension had a distinct psychological signature: self-perspective was associated with less ethical decision-making, perceived self-size shared negative correlations with self-esteem and collective identification, and vastness relative to the self was associated with high levels of self-esteem and collective identification. The data suggest that awareness of vaster forces represents psychological expansion (rather than shrinking) of the self.

Blanchot and Lautréamont

Abstract Blanchot’s readings of Lautréamont are among the most important writings on this challenging author, and they are also crucial for the development of his own thinking, but they have never been discussed in depth. This essay surveys the whole range of Blanchot’s writings on Lautréamont and shows how they constitute the first considered attempt within his thinking to examine the notions of the fantastic and the image in relation to the experience of metaphor. This survey not only enables a renewed understanding of the significance of Lautréamont’s writings but also reveals how Blanchot transforms the Hegelian thinking of experience by way of its passage through literature.

Communicating cosmology with multisensory metaphorical experiences

We present a novel approach to communicating abstract concepts in cosmology and astrophysics in a more accessible and inclusive manner. We describe an exhibit aiming at creating an immersive, multisensory metaphorical experience of an otherwise imperceptible physical phenomenon — dark matter. Human-Computer Interaction experts and physicists co-created a multisensory journey through dark matter by exploiting the latest advances in haptic and olfactory technology. We present the concept design of a pilot and a second, improved event, both held at the London Science Museum, including the practical setup of the multisensory dark matter experience, the delivery of sensory stimulation and preliminary insights from users' feedback.

Ideational semiosis: a tri-stratal perspective on grammatical metaphor

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the challenge of analysing texts for ideational grammatical metaphor. It undertakes this task from the perspective of recent work on field (Doran & Martin in press) and discourse semantics (Hao 2020a). In doing so it highlights the benefits of adopting a tri-stratal perspective on experiential and logical grammatical metaphor (Hao 2020b) - bringing all three of the most relevant strata (i.e. field, discourse semantics and lexicogrammar) into the picture.

The Body as Metaphor

AbstractThis essay considers Philo of Alexandria’s metaphor in which he used the dual nature of embodied existence (body and soul) to argue that both literal and allegorical readings are legitimate. It examines the metaphor in the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CTM) developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson that argues that experience is the key to meaning. A metaphor occurs when we apply a pattern that we have observed in one setting (gestalt) to another. In this case, Philo has drawn on a Platonic/Stoic understanding of being human and applied it to contested hermeneutics within the Alexandrian Jewish community in an effort to maintain a sense of unity among two groups. The metaphorical experience is the recognition that Scripture is polyvalent in the same way that being human is.

Metaphors for comic relief: Satirists’ self-reported contribution to democratic dialogue in difficult times

This article aims at enriching the debate on the role of political satire when politics becomes troublesome. It takes an ethnographic approach to the production of the TV programme Polònia, which has been broadcast weekly in Catalonia since 2006 and consists of satirical impersonations of politicians. The first section tries to understand the role programme-makers attribute to Polònia within Catalan politics. Participants regard themselves as a central part of the political institutions in Catalonia and recognize a commitment with democratic values. This contests the normative approach in political communication studies which does not assign a role for entertainment in fostering democratic dialogue. The second section has to do with the main characteristic of Polònia’s language: experiential metaphors. Politics is ‘re-described’ in terms of everyday situations by transposing politicians into situations easily recognisable for the audience. It is concluded that Polònia uses a verisimilitude-oriented language rather than the veracity-oriented language of journalism.

Types of transfer in ideational metaphor: a corpus-based study

ABSTRACTIdeational metaphor in the Hallidayan sense comprises experiential metaphor and logical metaphor. Experiential metaphor arises from the semogenic rank-shift and logical metaphor from the semogenic transcategorization. This article conducted a corpus-based diachronic study to identify types of transfer in ideational metaphor. Our findings show that the transfer from verbal groups to countable nouns and finally to adjectives does not necessarily go through all the in-between stages. Five types of semogenic transfer were identified in ideational metaphor: nominalisation of verbal groups, gerundalization of verbal groups, adjectivalization of participles, adjectivalization of nominal groups and verbalization of conjunction groups. These five types of transfer can be generalised as three resources for creating ideational metaphor: nominalisation, adjectivalization and verbalization, all involving semogenic rank-shift. We also found two other types of transfer: mass noun to countable noun and verbal gerund to present participle. Neither transfer creates ideational metaphor because no semogenic rank-shift is involved. The former is transcategorization from living metaphor to dead metaphor, and the latter is transcategorization at the word rank.

Metaphoricity in the real estate showroom: Affordance spaces for sensorimotor shopping

ABSTRACTThis article adopts an ecological view of cognition to analyze the role of the environment in scaffolding metaphorical experience. Using ethnographic material collected from two real estate showrooms in China, we describe how each showroom setting is equipped with to-be-phenomenologically-experienced objects designed to stimulate desirable sensorimotor experiences and altered bodily states during the guided showroom tours. By analyzing the qualities of such settings and identifying the processes through which visitors become environmentally coupled—including active and passive touch in highly organized auditory, olfactory, and gustatory environs—we demonstrate how the showrooms constitute an affordance space for enacting metaphoricity through doubleness in experience. Implications for conceptual metaphor theory relating to the nature of environments and bodies are discussed.