Experience Of Conflict Research Articles

50대 중산층 중년여성의 부부 갈등 경험을 통한 정체성 재정립의 현상학 연구

This study is a phenomenological study on the re-establishment of identity through marital conflict experiences of middle-class middle-aged women in their 50s. In order to phenomenologically analyze the marital conflict experience of middle-class middle-aged women in their 50s, five research participants who understood and agreed to the research purpose were selected. The criteria for selecting study participants were 50-59 years old, middle class, and marriage duration of more than 15 years, and the interview was conducted for 60 minutes per session in a total of 5 sessions. Data collection and analysis is a phenomenological research method through Colaizzi's analysis method. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the positive element of giving a new identity by trying to change the perspective for the re-establishment of the relationship by freeing the participants from the negative experiences of marital conflict and the negative emotions of the marital relationship. Based on this study, it can be used as basic data for middle-aged women to understand marital relationships and provide clinical practice cases about the marital counseling process and counseling effects for conflict resolution plans.

RESIPROSITAS DI KALANGAN PELAJAR KOTA LARANTUKA: INSPIRASI MODERASI BERAGAMA BAGI KAUM MUDA

In essence, every religion wants its adherents to live peacefully in the midst of religious and cultural diversity. However, this hope does not always materialize in the construction of real life on Indonesian soil with the presence of inter-religious and inter-ethnic conflicts. Conflict experiences become endless lessons as an effort to maintain peace and harmony in religious life. A number of local praxis and initiatives were raised to untangle the tangled threads of inter-religious conflicts in Indonesia by prioritizing a balanced way of religious life that does not view others as opponents. This study of reciprocity in relation to religious moderation originates from the local context of Larantuka and draws its relevance to efforts to inculcate religious moderation in Indonesia. In a more specific context, the focus of this study is to describe the practical life of religious communities in the city of Larantuka, East Flores, East Nusa Tenggara which can be seen as the foundation and medium for grounding the ideals of religious moderation in Indonesia. The praxis of life in question is the reciprocity of young students in the city of Larantuka both within the school environment and among people who have different religious and ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, the basic question is how reciprocity among students in the city of Larantuka can become an inspiration and basis for efforts to instill religious moderation.

Examining Factors Influencing the Use of Shared Electric Scooters

Shared e-scooters have the potential to increase access, complement transit, and replace automobiles, all while reducing emissions and congestion. However, there are concerns worldwide over the mode’s safety issues and risks. In this paper, we explore both the motivations and barriers to using e-scooters. Data are collected from a stated preference survey, using a sample consisting of mostly university staff and students in Singapore. Three logit models with varying specifications of e-scooters’ speed and lane use and one’s prior experience of conflict with a personal mobility device (PMD) are estimated. Overall, the three models have a very comparable fit (adjusted R2 of about 0.55) and consistent results. The results indicate preferences for e-scooters if they are faster and off the sidewalk. However, a bad or unsafe experience with a PMD would negatively affect use to a greater degree, although it varies across individuals. Our study suggests diverting scooters off the sidewalk and increasing the speed may not always be effective in encouraging behavioral shifts toward this alternative mode. Other solutions such as improving the services and enhancing traffic safety should be explored and considered instead.

The Role of Relationship Conflict for Momentary Loneliness and Affect in the Daily Lives of Older Couples.

Background: Intimate partner relationships foster individuals' well-being throughout the lifespan. However, dissatisfying or conflict-laden relationships can have a detrimental impact on well-being and relationship quality. The majority of older adults live together with a spouse/partner, and intimate relationships are one of the most important social contexts in their daily lives. Purpose: Expanding on previous research, we examined the role of previous conflict on experiences of loneliness and affect in the daily lives of older partners from a dyadic perspective. Relationship duration and quality, personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), conflict frequency during the measurement period, physical health as well as age were considered as moderators. Study Sample and Data Analysis: We used data from an experience sampling study with 151 older heterosexual couples (302 participants; 65+ years old) reporting on their positive and negative affect, loneliness, and previous experience of relationship conflict 6 times a day for 14days. Data were analyzed using dyadic multilevel models. Results: For both men and women within couples, previous conflict was associated with an increased experience of negative affect and loneliness and a decreased experience of positive affect. Higher neuroticism predicted less positive and more negative affect following conflict for women and more loneliness for men. Higher relationship satisfaction predicted less increase in negative affect after conflict for female partners. Age, relationship duration, physical health, extraversion, and the number of conflict episodes showed no moderating effects. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that relationship conflict deteriorates emotional well-being in old age and renders older adults lonelier even in the context of intimate partner relationships.

Mother's Experience of Conflict Within Their Family Social Network when Advocating for Children's oral Health.

Examine whether mothers perceived that child oral health was a source of conflict in family relationships. This cross-sectional qualitative study consisted of 126 semi-structured interviews with mothers of 3-5 year-old children from West Virginia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Interviews consisted of open-ended questions on the mother's social relationships that affected child dental visits, oral hygiene, and diet. The data were analyzed using template analysis. Over 85% (n = 111/126) of mothers reported interpersonal conflict in their familial relationships related to child oral health. Most (78%) mothers reported conflict with their partners and 58% of mothers reported conflict with the child's grandparents. Conflicts primarily centered around keeping a consistent oral hygiene routine for the child and the promotion of a low-cariogenic diet. Mothers perceived child oral health promotion as a source of conflict in the family. This study suggests that identifying effective strategies to reduce conflict with caretakers are indicated. Oral health professionals can take an active role not only in communicating with the mother, but also with other caretaking adults in the family to promote oral health practices that benefit all children.

Work-life Conflicts in Novice Nurses in Birjand, Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background and Objectives: Work-life conflict refers to incompatibility between work and family roles. Establishing a balance between these roles is a big challenge for nurses, especially novice nurses. This study aims to investigate the novice nurses’ experiences of work-life conflicts in Birjand, Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study. Participants were 13 novice nurses from teaching hospitals in Birjand city with 6 months to 1 year of work experience who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The data collection method was open-ended and unstructured interview. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis method. Results: After analysis, four main categories (anxiety due to family problems, lack of attention to personal interests due to shift work, tension in family, and lack of attention to family due to work schedule) and 9 subcategories (concern about childcare while working, concern about the negative impact of shift work, concern about the illness of family members while working, paying no attention to personal interests due to shift work, ignoring personal interests due to rotating shift work, etc.) were extracted. Conclusion: Since work-life conflicts have unpleasant consequences and due to the shortage of nurses, the managers and planners in Birjand should take appropriate supportive measures and focus more on the problems of novice nurses to avoid their work-life conflicts.

It’s Easy to Maintain When the Changes Are Small: Exploring Environmentally Motivated Dietary Changes From a Self-control Perspective

Reducing meat and dairy intake is necessary to mitigate the effects of animal agriculture on global warming. Here, we examine the experiences of environmentally motivated meat and dairy reducers. Specifically, we examine whether shifting towards and maintaining sustainable eating behaviours requires self-control. We conducted a pre-registered qualitative online study surveying 80 participants to explore their experiences of reduction, particularly the role of self-control, habits, identity, and social norms. We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis and generated three themes. Theme 1 captures participants’ incompatible short-term and long-term motivations, which led to experiences of conflict and required self-control to manage. Theme 2 describes aspects of food and social environments, such as social feedback and food availability, cost, and appeal, that hindered or supported participants’ attempts at reducing meat and dairy intake. This theme also revealed that most reducers did not want to identify with specific dietary groups, particularly flexitarians. Theme 3 captures strategies, varying in effort, that helped participants overcome internal conflicts or challenges from the food and social environment. Examples include avoiding choice situations, or behavioural substitution, which facilitated behaviour maintenance through small and comfortable changes that fit with participants’ taste, skills, and habits. Our findings highlight the need to temper negative social feedback and introduce more availability and favourable social norms to support meat and dairy reduction. Interventions that aim to support the transition to sustainable eating also need to consider the social identities of consumers.

Factors affecting the family development index in Indonesia: a cross-sectional survey in Aceh, a region with a 30 year armed conflict experience

Background: Family development index needs to be measured to ensure that the government has made optimal efforts to provide happiness to the families and to develop strategies in family development in a region with unique conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the family development index and its associated determinants in Aceh province, a region implementing Syariah Law in Indonesia with 30 years of armed conflict experience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all regencies in Aceh. The study was a part of the Indonesian National Population and Family Planning Board project. The survey included one individual from each household that was selected randomly. Family development index was measured using a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The plausible determinants were collected and assessed through a face-to-face interview. The family development index was dichotomized using 85% cut-off into good and poor. A two-step logistic regression was used to determine the associated determinants. Results: A total of 10,000 households were included in the final analysis. 86.6% had a good family development index, with the highest in Sabang (97.6%) and the lowest index in Aceh Singkil (76.6%), respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated that the regency, marital status, educational qualification, ownership of health insurance, ownership of childbirth certificate, quality of the house (the type of floor, the source of electricity, the source of drinking water and the type of toilet facility) were associated with the family development index. Conclusion: Despite Aceh being one of the less developed provinces in Indonesia with long armed conflict experience, our data suggest that the family development index is relatively high and the index is influenced both by economic and non-economic determinants. To further improve the family development index, it is critical to develop both economic and non-economic components in the region and in the country.

Identity and pregnancy in conflict?: an examination of sexual minority women using qualitative description

While there is growing documentation of pregnancy among sexual minority women, little research has focused on their perceptions and experiences of conflict between sexual minority identity and pregnancy. Because of this, this study used Social Identity Theory and qualitative descriptive analysis to explore the following questions: do sexual minority women perceive sexual minority identity and pregnancy as in conflict; and if so, from where does this conflict arise and how do sexual minority women experience it? Participants included 21 lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and other non-heterosexual cisgender women, a third of whom had previously been pregnant. Themes captured internally located conflict, including participants who saw pregnancy as irrelevant and those who experienced pregnancy as acceptable for sexual minority women; imposed conflict from healthcare contexts, including both health provider assumptions and imposed conflict on reproductive autonomy; and ambivalence. Overall, few participants noted internalised conflict between their sexual minority identity and pregnancy. Instead, sexual minority women experienced ambivalence or imposed conflict between their sexual minority identities and pregnancy from their health providers, although this imposed conflict was not limited to sexual orientation.

The decision-making experiences of women who legally aborted: A meta-ethnography.

Abortion is one of the most common gynaecological procedures. It is related to personal, social, and economic reasons under a legal term that is recognised as a common sexual and reproductive right in most of countries. However, making the decision to abort is complex, because it is politicised and is often framed in public discourse related to moral or ethical issues beyond women's experiences. Therefore, it is subject to medical criteria, religious evaluations, and sociological analysis. The aim of this synthesis of qualitative studies was to synthesise the decision-making experiences of women who legally aborted. The Noblit and Hare's interpretive meta-ethnography was conducted, and it was written in accordance with the eMERGe meta-ethnography reporting guidance. Ten studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria, after a comprehensive systematic search strategy in five databases. The metaphor "The wrestling between why and what will happen next" and three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Forces that incite the arm wrestling; (2) Facing social stigma; and (3) Defeated by a greater rival. The metaphor provided interpretive experiences of the moral conflict experienced by women who decided to have an abortion and emerged from the confrontation of the reasons why they decided to abort and the social repercussions that making the decision entails. The result of the struggle was loneliness and vulnerability. The lines of action impact policy makers, the media, and health professionals. Actions should focus on the de-stigmatisation and normalisation of abortion, the use of appropriate language, and the training and sensitisation of health professionals.

Use of an Online Forum for Relatives of People With Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Mixed Methods Study.

Relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder experience high levels of distress but are typically not offered the support they need. Online peer forums may offer a solution, but knowledge about who uses them, how, and why is limited. This study reported on online forum use during the Relatives Education and Coping Toolkit (REACT) trial. We aimed to report who used the forum and why; how sociodemographic factors are associated with participation; the relationship among frequency, type of use, and outcomes; and how the forum was used. The relationships between key sociodemographic characteristics, levels of forum use, and distress were statistically analyzed. We used thematic and semantic analyses to understand the reasons for relatives joining the forum and the key topics initiated by them. We also used the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Semantic Analysis System to compare how relatives and REACT supporters (moderators) used the forum. A total of 348 participants with full forum use data from REACT were included in this study. The forum was accessed by 59.4% (207/348) of the relatives across the entire age range, with no significant associations between sociodemographic factors and forum participation, or between level or type of use and relatives' distress levels. Relatives joined the forum primarily to find people in similar circumstances, express concerns, and talk about stressful events. Relatives were most concerned about recent events, negative emotions linked to caring, experiences of conflict or threat, and concerns about suicide. These posts underscored both the challenges the relatives were facing and the fact that they felt safe sharing them in this context. Although only a proportion of REACT participants engaged actively with its forum, they were widely distributed across age and other sociodemographic groupings. Relatives used the forum for information, support, and guidance and to offer detailed information about their experiences. The topics raised highlighted the burden carried by relatives and the potential value of easy-access, moderated, peer-supported forums in helping relatives to manage the challenges they faced.

Was There a Civil War in Anatolia between the Ottoman Collapse in World War I and the Establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923?

For most Turks the emergence of the Republic of Turkey out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire involved a four-year period of national struggle/milli mücadele. In the version of events canonised by Ataturk's October 1927 Nutuk speech to the Turkish parliament the expression civil war is not used. Yet the range of adversaries he depicts, including the Ottoman Palace suggests that there were many types of wars being fought in Anatolia in those years. This article suggests that the term civil war can be applied to those years and discusses historical research that says so. Not only was the war with the Palace an inchoate civil war over the Ottoman Succession, there are strong European parallels with the Turkish experience of imperial collapse, ethnic conflict, partition and state formation between 1918 and 1923. To draw the connections we need to think of civil war in a ‘layered’ way and the latter part of the article justifies such an approach.

The Exile Within: An LGBTQ+ Reading of Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Prodigal”

This essay proposes a new reading of Elizabeth Bishop’s poem “The Prodigal”—traditionally read as a parable of the poet’s own alcoholism—as a deeply veiled account of the multiple exiles faced by LGBTQ+ individuals in Bishop’s era: geographic through ostracism and psychological through internalized homophobia. Using evidence established by Bethany Hicok of embedded “code” language for homosexuality by lesbian writers at Bishop’s alma mater Vassar College, the essay argues that the same such codes appear in “The Prodigal” and offer an alternate reading for the protagonist’s exile and self-castigation. Bishop’s known use of gender inversion is one such code used to distance her writer-self from a personally challenging subject. The argument also draws on Lorrie Goldensohn’s analysis of cage and lightning imagery as confinement and insight, respectively. Finally, the essay explores the intense and grotesque physical imagery of the barn and its inhabitants to delve into the conflicted experience being queer while struggling with internalized homophobia as a means of understanding how multifaceted the experience of exile was for the LGBTQ+ community in this era. We observe how deeply distanced from autobiography such content had to be to avoid danger to the writer.

Developing and Testing a Model of Dynamic Changes in Work-School Conflict and Workplace Deviance Over Time.

Work–school conflict is a major stressor for many college students who have paid jobs while in college. Although work–school conflict experience is dynamic, the extant research has predominantly cast it and its consequences as between-person phenomena from a static perspective, ignoring its inherent temporal nature. As a result, little is known about the intra-individual changes in work–school conflict and their associated consequences as implied by the related theory. Drawing on the stressor–emotion model of counterproductive work behavior, we conducted a longitudinal weekly diary study to examine how work–school conflict change can predict changes in negative emotions and workplace deviance (i.e., the change-to-change effects). We also tested core self-evaluation, time management skill, and financial well-being as moderators of the proposed mediated relationship. Results from latent change score modeling showed that upward work–school conflict change had a positive relationship with upward workplace deviance change via upward changes in negative emotions. Further, time management skill and financial well-being weakened the indirect relationships between upward work–school conflict change and upward workplace deviance change. However, the moderating nature of core self-evaluation on the indirect relationship contrasted with our hypothesis. Implications for theory and future research are discussed along with implications for organizations and college institutions.

How do Patients Diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder Experience Conflict? A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT The role and nature of conflict in the development and manifestation of dissociative identity disorder (DID) remains underexplored beyond theoretical deduction. In this qualitative instrumental case study, we explored the subjective experience and nature of conflict in a group of adult psychiatric patients diagnosed with DID. We purposively selected typed transcriptions of 28 previously recorded in-depth individual interviews with 15 patients, their audio recordings and associated field notes. The data were thematically analyzed and constant comparison was applied. Two main themes emerged from the transcriptions, namely, participants’ experiences of having one or more incompatible and conflicting worldviews about their DID, and the type and nature of conflict that arises between dissociative identities, i.e., conflict of information in awareness, conflicting actions or behaviors, conflicting emotions, conflicting goals, conflicting values, and a battle of wills. Patients with DID have contextually and culturally variable comprehension of the origin of their DID. Conflict between dissociative identities was pervasive, multifaceted, and exacerbated by a lack of awareness between identities. The study provides insight into the complexities of conflict between dissociative identities, as well as highlights the role of inter-identity awareness in conflict.

Good can be stronger than bad: the daily relationship among maternal warmth, mother-teen conflict and adolescents' self-esteem.

Self-esteem is associated with adaptive adolescent outcomes but tends to decline in adolescence. Parent-teen warmth has been linked to concurrent increases in adolescents’ self-esteem while adolescents’ conflict with parents is detrimental to their self-esteem in cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. However, it is unknown how adolescents experience of maternal warmth and conflict with mothers are correlated with their daily self-esteem, and whether these associations vary in adolescents’ gender, age and family subjective socioeconomic status (SES) from the perspective of Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) theory. To address this gap, 293 adolescents (Mage = 13.88 years, SD = .62) were recruited from a school, reporting their daily experience of maternal warmth, conflict with mothers and self-esteem by answering checklists for up to 7 days. Multilevel analysis showed that adolescents reported significantly higher self-esteem on days they experienced more warmth or less conflict with mothers than usual. Moreover, maternal warmth was linked to next-day self-esteem positively, yet mother-teen conflict not shown this spill-over effect. Gender, age and subjective SES did not moderate all the daily associations among mother-teen warmth, conflict and self-esteem. Findings suggest that mother-teen interactions play both protective and detrimental role in adolescents’ daily self-image and that “good” interaction goes a longer way than “bad” one.

Disaster vulnerability and community resilience factors affecting post-disaster wellness: A longitudinal analysis of the Survey on the Change of Life of Disaster Victim

This study examined general wellness, a broad concept that encompasses physical and mental illness, adjustment, and quality of life, and analyzed how vulnerability, hazards, and community resilience affect disaster survivors' wellness. This extends beyond the previous studies that mainly focused on single indicators related to the mental health of disaster victims or examined community resilience factors in a limited way. The Korean Long-term Survey on the Change of Life of Disaster Victim data were used for random-effect analysis to investigate socio-political factors affecting the wellness of disaster survivors based on the disaster vulnerability plus theory. Results show that even in the South Korean context where disaster response is carried out from an administrative-centered perspective, various community resilience factors have significant associations with the wellness of disaster survivors. High levels of social support and satisfaction with support policies were protective factors. Victims who experienced disasters in non-capital areas showed better wellness than those in the capital area. Conflict experiences exacerbated survivors' wellness. Finally, sense of community after disasters had a mixed effect in various domains of wellness and the level of satisfaction with government agencies' disaster response had no significant effect. In conclusion, community resilience has a great influence on disaster survivors' wellness because disasters create crises in terms of community capacity and individual wellness due to limited resources, conflicts regarding distribution of resources and compensation, severance of existing relationships, and the creation of new relationships. Improving community resilience may be crucial in ameliorating and resolving inequalities in the negative impact of disasters.

Humour and the Plurality of Everyday Life

This article examines self-referential humour in narrative accounts about experiences of conflict and community division, based on fieldwork undertaken in an interface area in Belfast in the late 2000s and in the 2010s. It has been a classic approach within anthropological studies of humour and jokes to focus on their socially or politically subversive nature. Some anthropologists, however, have viewed this approach sceptically, pointing out the Janus-faced nature of laughter that can turn against the weak, or the ambiguity that humour carries. Sharing the understanding that ambivalence and ambiguity are humour’s intrinsic features, this article argues that these very features make humour crucial to people’s everyday recollections and interactions in a post-conflict, still-much divided, society. Self-comicalisation helps people produce distance, either from themselves or the social group to which they belong, and direct attention to the absurdity of daily life under a long-term conflict in which mundane, day-to-day concerns and intense violence and suffering all flow in parallel. Jokes and comical storytelling capture this plurality of everyday life, which can be shared across the community division. Through attempting to sound out what could and could not be joked about, moreover, people seek out possible interactions in unfamiliar and uncertain relationships.

Experiences of Female Political Activists from Eastern and Central Europe in Berlin: An Intersectional Analysis

The following article analyzes the experiences of female political activists from Eastern and Central Europe in Berlin. Semi-structured interviews with women (aged 20–35) were conducted and analyzed using the intersectional approach originally proposed by N. Degele and G. Winker. Intersectionality is described as a system of interactions between inequality-creating social structures (power relations), symbolic representations, and identity constructions. All the women who participated in this study describe activism as an important aspect of their identities. For non-German citizens, the activist identity is closely related to the migrant identity and is one of the major reasons they decided to move to Germany. Negative experiences in a country of origin were contrasted with a tolerant activist environment in Berlin. However, German citizens with no negative experiences in their countries of origin also implied a contrast between the “less tolerant East” and “more tolerant West”. The distinction was constructed either as a symbolical representation or articulation of experience of intergenerational conflict.

“It Was a Smoke Dream”: Affective Aesthetics in Women’s Literature of the Irish Civil War

The formal, ideological, and narrative elements constituting the aesthetics of hope and disappointment in women’s writing of the Irish revolution offer new insights into the gendered experience of conflict. By arguing that women’s writing in this period complicates and expands existing classifications of conflict literature, this paper proposes to trace a network of alternative connection, built out of subjective gendered experiences of political and social upheaval. Drawing on theories of affect and emotion with reference to Rosamond Jacob’s The Troubled House (1938), Margaret Barrington’s My Cousin Justin (1939) and Dorothy Macardle’s The Uninvited (1942), this article suggests that appraisal of textual interconnection can thicken our understanding of the conceptual tools engaged by women writers to record, relay, and refract the personal and political implications of early-twentieth century Ireland.