Experience Of Conflict Research Articles

A cross-national study of family-friendly policies, gender egalitarianism, and work-family conflict among working parents.

Social policies impinge on daily lives of individuals and affect how they negotiate work and family demands. To fill in the void in the international work-family literature regarding whether public family-friendly policies effectively decrease work-family conflict the present study examined multilevel effects of family-friendly policies, organizational type, and family characteristics on working parents' work-family conflict by gender using random samples of 6,878 individuals in 24 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America. Drawn on role stress theory, gender egalitarianism, and institutional theory this study showed that parental leave policies have greater influence on work-family conflict among men compared to women. Individual dimensions of parental leave policies on men's experience of work-family conflict impinged on workplace characteristics and family characteristics. Implementing parental leave policies with high flexibility and higher rates of income replacement may help men with working spouses or who are employed in the public sector to reduce bidirectional conflicts between work and family. Women generally were not protected by individual dimensions of parental leave policies. Instead, societal attitudes towards gender played a key role in helping women reduce bidirectional conflicts between work and family roles.

Using Reproductive Health Services to Address Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda.

Introduction Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including rape and child sexual abuse, remains a significant challenge in post-conflict northern Uganda, including within refugee settlements. Many victims have never sought help from health-related services. Consequently, the scale of the problem is unknown, and SGBV victims’ injuries, both psychological and physical, remain undetected and unaddressed. We hypothesized that health workers in rural Reproductive Health Services could provide a valuable resource for SGBV screening and subsequent referral for support. Methods Our project had three elements. First, Reproductive Health Service workers were trained in the knowledge and skills needed to screen for and identify women who had experienced SGBV, using a questionnaire-based approach. Second, the screening questionnaire was used by reproductive health workers over a 3-month period, and the data analysed to explore the scale and nature of the problem. Third, victims detected were offered referral as appropriate to hospital services and/or the ActionAid SURGE (Strengthening Uganda’s Response to Gender Equality) shelter in Gulu. Results 1656 women were screened. 778 (47%) had a history of SGBV, including 123 victims of rape and 505 victims of non-sexual violence. 1,254 (76%) had been directly or indirectly affected by conflict experiences; 1066 had lived in IDP camps. 145 (9%) were referred at their request to Gulu SGBV Shelter under SURGE. Of these, 25 attended the shelter and received assistance, and a further 20 received telephone counselling. Conclusion Undetected SGBV remains a problem in post-conflict northern Uganda. Reproductive Health Service workers, following specific training, can effectively screen for and identify otherwise unreported and unassisted cases of SGBV. Future work will explore scaling up to include screening in hospital A&E departments, incorporate approaches to screening for male victims, and the impact of taking both screening and support services to rural communities through local clinics with mobile teams.

Materiality and Language at El Escorial

Abstract David Bestué’s recent take on Philip II’s reification of centrality (El Escorial: Imperio y estómago, 2021) is an open contestation of the royal site’s conception—and later reception—as an immutable, transcendental edifice meant to “stop the entropy of physical processes.” Distancing himself from castizo evocations of El Escorial as “piedra lírica” (Ortega y Gasset) and “líneas puras” (Unamuno), Bestué guides us through the building’s secluded sewers, the granite quarries that nourished its construction, and its many scenes of fire and dereliction to dismantle the monastery’s value as purely symbolic permanence. As Bestué explains, his book functions “no como un acto más de significación, otra capa, sino como un corte.” This mechanistic notion of the written word as a device with which to shape abstraction back into physicality, however, is not a novel addition to the literature on El Escorial. This article revisits José de Sigüenza’s Fundación del monasterio de El Escorial (1605)—the most exhaustive and authoritative chronicle of its construction—as a reaction to the official representational apparatus of the building. Whereas the language of Philip II’s instructions allied with Juan de Herrera’s designs to project an immutability beyond space and time, Sigüenza, this article shows, enacts a ventriloquist mimicking of artisanal practice that vindicates process and local experience in conflict with the notion of a petrified center of empire. It also examines, as reverberations of these disparities, late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century appraisals of Sigüenza’s text that have projected the unblemished geometrical lines of the Escorial onto the friar’s writing. Its overall aim is to shed light on the lingering tensions around language, architecture, and place that characterize the most instrumentalized—and yet paradoxically dematerialized—of Iberian materialities.

Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict—50 years of effort, and no end in sight

The debate about environmental protection in relation to armed conflict began around 1970 due to the meeting of two political movements: on the one hand, becoming aware of the environmental problem including concern for future generations and, on the other, a need to develop the law of armed conflict, filling some loopholes left by the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and reflecting experiences of conflicts which had happened since that time. There was (and is) a tension between the military interest of winning a war and the environmental interest of preserving the planet for future generations. Protocol I additional to the Geneva Convention adopted in 1977 constituted a victory for the military interest by defining the threshold of impermissible environmental damage in a way which is a far cry from satisfying the need of environmental preservation. But a lively discourse had started which has brought progress, but is far from yielding satisfactory final results. Major elements are the application of the rules concerning the protection of the civilian population and civilian objects to environmental protection, the principle of due regard for the environment, the recognized need to establish zones protected for the sake of environmental preservation, intensive activities of environmental fact-finding, the challenge of maintaining necessary environmental governance under the condition of armed conflict and environmental restoration as part of peacebuilding after the conflict.

The influence of household size on the experience of work-family conflict

The influence of household size on the experience of work-family conflict

“We agree more than disagree”: Exploring conflict in Alevi-Sunni intermarriages in Turkey

The present study aimed to understand how cultural differences affect conflict experiences in intermarriages, uncover any conflict resolution patterns used by couples in these marriages, and explore any protective dynamics that prevent cultural differences-related conflicts in Turkey. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 43 Alevi-Sunni intermarried individuals (18 couples and 7 individuals). Data were analyzed using content analysis. Most couples did not identify cultural differences as causing crucial marital problems, whereas only a minority of them faced some further challenges and conflicts due to differences in cultural orientations. Disapproval of the other’s traditions/values, prejudices and discrimination, and intergroup competition were emerged themes of cultural differences-related conflicts. Four conflict resolution strategies were identified: sensitivity to one another’s cultural differences, avoidance, building a “we” as a couple, and pressure to assimilate. In terms of the protective dynamics preventing cultural differences-related conflicts, secularization, universal/humanistic values, integration, and common political view emerged as themes. This study provides a step toward understanding conflict experiences in intermarriages in Turkey. Furthermore, our findings add to a growing body of literature on positive couple functioning in intermarriages.

Performative Polarization: The Interactional and Cultural Drivers of Political Antagonism

Political backlash against liberal democracy and ubiquitous clashes between different versions of identity politics in recent years evoked a heightened awareness of political polarization. Rather than examining the mechanics of this process, social science predominantly conceives political polarization in a rather static manner and measures its prevalence and causes within and between societies. This article views political polarization as taking shape in the experience of political conflict. It proposes a cultural performance framework suitable to examine the social drama of political conflict and its connections to interpersonal political dispute. Performative polarization is premised upon antagonizing one public in order to win over and energize another public. It views political antagonism as constituted by (1) powerful performers and performances that provide the preparatory symbolic work and scripts and (2) divided publics who arbitrate their dramatic acts in ensuing performances and who collectively generate political divisions. The anti-Critical Race Theory campaign in the USA serves as a case study to work through the elements of this theoretical framework.

Nurses’ Experiences of Ethical Value Conflicts: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support

Nurses’ Experiences of Ethical Value Conflicts: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support

Dual Role Conflict of Working Women: A Pilot Study on Female Public Bank Manager in West Java

Purpose: The present study aimed to explore factors causing work-family conflicts and family-work conflicts among married female public bank managers in West Java, Indonesia. Theoretical framework: Variables such as family size, child's age, working hours, and level of social support are found to affect one's experience of work-family and family-work conflicts. These variables have been conceptualized as the antecedents of work-family and family-work conflicts. However, it is important to consider the effect of these variables on working women's psychological stress and wellbeing. This study aimed to identify the antecedents of work-family conflict and family-work conflicts among married working women. Although many studies have investigated issues on work-life balance, there is no study that reports the antecedents of work- family and family-work conflicts. Design/Methodology/Approach: The participants were 93 married female managers aged between 30 to 50 years old who lived together with their family and were directly involved in their job. The survey was conducted by administering a six-point likert scale questionnaire, ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 6 (strongly disagree). The obtained data had passed the normality, validity, and reliability test. After that, ANOVA was applied to find out the significance difference in the two data group. Findings: This study found different levels of work-family conflict among female managers due to number and age of children and manager level, which affect their job quality and motivation. Research, practical & social implications: The implication of this study is the growing needs of providing a working environment for women, including job satisfaction, communication, family support, and flexible working hours. Originality/Value: This study fills the gap of knowledge by investigating the dual roles conflict among female public bank managers in West Java Province, Indonesia.

“The Great Lesson of May '68 Is That Violence Pays”

Abstract From the après-mai 1968 through the end of the 1970s, successive groups of French radicals legitimized revolutionary violence and developed a militant protest culture that challenged the state's monopoly on violence. Most scholars have presented political violence in 1970s France as bound to the trajectories of organized Maoist and Trotskyist groups and as the product of revolutionary ideology that was overcome by experience. This article traces how a cohort of radicals continued to articulate discourses of self-defense, counterviolence, and violence as revolution of the self well into the 1970s. Activists did so because their experiences of conflict confirmed the salience of violent struggle. The article contributes to the historical study of violent phenomena by tracing an approach that integrates the analysis of understandings of violence and experiences of conflictual politics.

Guns (Fire Arms) from Men at Home to Boys in the Bush in the Bamenda Grass Field: A Diagnosis of the Ongoing Armed Conflict Experience

The protracted claim of marginalization, subjugation, neglect, and disregard by individuals and political groups in the part of the Republic of Cameroon that was colonized by Britain known as Anglophone Cameroon metamorphosed into an armed rebellion in 2017. This came as a result of confused talks /dialogue sessions between the Cameroon government and the Anglophones Teachers/Lawyers trade Unions in Bamenda. While the Cameroon government played for time to implement the resolutions of the talks, the self-appointed leaders of the Anglophone communities who had been beating the drums of War on all social media platforms from their safe hoods in the Diaspora lost their patience and ordered an all recruitment of boys and girls into an army which went by different appellations. Without adequate preparations for War either in the dimension of training, money, or weaponry, so many people in Anglophone Cameroon were both persuaded and brainwashed to abandon their daily chores to join the ranks of the make-shift fighting scouts; amba militia that went by a myriad of appellations. The recruits profited from the chaos and disorder to seize guns that formed the nucleus of nobility, honour, and wealth of the people of the grass fields and took these arms of honour to their camps mostly in the bushes to carry out the War assignments. The prime target of the make shift militia as heralded by this deeply aggrieved faction of the English-speaking Cameroon was to secure a quick victory over the Cameroon army and agencies thereby, liberating Anglophone Cameroon from what they called colonization, domination, marginalization or, or imperialism. Guns at home in the Grass fields before 2017 were kept by dignified individuals mainly titled and wealthy men. The gun culture that reigned then was regulated both by a sort of intrinsic morale that formed a pattern of prestige and social effervescence beyond common compare but their mass seizure by these hurriedly formed boys under the guise of rage and furry became a source of worry and danger to the social, political and material wellbeing of the people within this niche. This paper has exploited primary and secondary sources to underscore the trouble encountered by this unfortunate guns shift from the houses to the bushes in the Bamenda grass fields. It argues that the guns at home and with dignified men served purposes that were for the most part peaceful and defensive but those in the bushes simply inaugurated an age of violence and wanton destruction uncommon to the grass fielders in all its historical time scale.

The role of abusive supervision and openness to experience in the task conflict and social undermining relationship

Building on the emerging research on antecedents of social undermining, we develop and test a threat-based tripartite model of social undermining that outlines why and when employees may engage in social undermining in the workplace. Specifically, we draw on the transactional theory of stress to suggest that task conflict, as a contextual factor, serves as a fundamental stressor that provokes social undermining. Within this transactional stress framework, we also argue that task conflict is more likely to provoke social undermining under conditions of higher levels of abusive supervision (context) and openness to experience (personality) simultaneously. In this regard, we propose a three-way interaction suggesting that task conflict, abusive supervision, and openness to experience jointly interact to predict higher levels of social undermining. Our findings from two separate field investigations using time-lagged, multisource data (i.e. employee–coworker dyads) provide general support for our hypothesized model. Research and practical implications for human resource management, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.

How do working students fare? A person‐centric approach to understanding patterns of work–school conflict and facilitation

AbstractStudent workers are largely understudied in organizational research, yet they represent an important part of the workforce. Their numbers are expected to rise as tuition continues to increase, and many adult workers are returning to school. The current study utilizes a person‐centric approach to investigate latent patterns of work–school conflict (WSC) and work–school facilitation (WSF) as well as the antecedent (i.e., supervisor work–school support) and outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, well‐being, and school outcomes) tied to these latent patterns across school weeks. In a pilot study (n = 178 student workers), we first confirmed whether classes of WSC and WSF could be identified using latent profile analysis. Then, using 347 weekly WSC and WSF experiences, multilevel latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles of WSC and WSF at the week level. Also, this modeling demonstrated that individuals tend to fluctuate between at least two profiles across weeks. Supervisor work–school support was found to predict weekly profile membership. Furthermore, the week‐level profiles exhibited distinct relations with weekly outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, well‐being, and school preparedness). The results provide important theoretical and practical insights into the joint experience of interrole conflict and facilitation among student workers.

전문 낚시인의 낚시경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to grasp the experience, thoughts, emotions, and attitudes experienced by professional anglers from the perspective of professional anglers, and to understand and theorize social interactions and problem solving methods.
 Methods A qualitative study based on a phenomenological methods was conducted for a period of two months, from March 12th to May 13th, 2022, involving six professional anglers living in B city. interviews were conducted suing a semi-structured interview guide, with the participants’ consent, 1-2 times, averaging about 95 minutes each. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive phenomenological research method proposed by Colaizzi(1978) to derive a collection of themes and themes.
 Results As a result of the study, a collection of 12 meaningful statements was drawn from the participants, and 5 topics were categorized into ‘addictive’, ‘pride’, ‘overconsumption’, ‘desire to compete’ and ‘realism’. As I experienced fishing at the recommendation of close acquaintances, I was fascinated by fishing and spent much of my life with fishing. In the process, too much time and financial investment in fishing led to conflict between husband and wife or to live a life of credit delinquent. There were cases of living the life of a professional angler, such as developing fishing tools using experience as a professional in connection with a livelihood, or operating a broadcast program using experience. Due to marriage and the birth of children, some anglers experienced a sense of reality considering alternatives to keep a realistic livelihood and continuous fishing life in parallel.
 Conclusions Through the life experiences of these professional anglers, I was able to look at the introductory fishing experience, the experience of conflict with people around me due to fishing, the process of problem solving, the search for compromise due to starting a family, and the process of finding a life as a professional. These results are meaningful as basic data that enable rich discussions on the lives of professional anglers.

Conflict experience and resolution underlying obedience to authority

Definitions of obedience require the experience of conflict in response to an authority’s demands. Nevertheless, we know little about this conflict and its resolution. Two experiments tested the suitability of the ‘object-destruction paradigm’ for the study of conflict in obedience. An experimenter instructed participants to shred bugs (among other objects) in a manipulated coffee grinder. In contrast to the demand condition, participants in the control condition were reminded of their free choice. Both received several prods if they defied the experimenter. Results show that participants were more willing to kill bugs in the demand condition. Self-reported negative affect was increased after instructions to destroy bugs relative to other objects (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 2, compliant participants additionally showed an increase in tonic skin conductance and, crucially, self-reported more agency and responsibility after alleged bug-destruction. These findings elucidate the conflict experience and resolution underlying obedience. Implications for prominent explanations (agentic shift, engaged followership) are discussed.

PROFESSIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PARENTING STYLES AND COPING RESPONSES OF FATHERS AND MOTHERS REGISTERED WITH THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM

Families registered with the Child Protection System tend to have poor parenting methods, which, in turn, lead to inadequate ways of coping with stress. This makes them highly vulnerable families. These shortcomings tend to be more prevalent among fathers than mothers. By identifying these shortcomings and analysing them, specific strategies can be developed to overcome them. The aim of this paper is to analyse differences between the parenting styles and coping responses of mothers and fathers registered with the Child Protection System, as perceived by the professionals from the said service. A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the perceptions of professionals attached to the Child Protection System. The findings show that the professionals deem that there are significant differences between maternal and paternal parenting models and ways of coping with stress. The mothers were viewed as having more components of appropriate parenting, while the fathers tended to use physical punishment more often. As for coping methods, the professionals observed that the mothers have more previous experience of conflicts, they spend more time preparing to tackle a problem, and they have a greater sense of being able to take possible advantage of the situation. The results point to the need to reinforce and specialize in training strategies for parents. This is because co-parenting has a positive impact on child development and boosts family functioning. Key words Child Protection System, parenting styles, coping responses, mothers and fathers, professional perceptions

"Just Graphite": Corporate Representations of Particular Matter in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro

The unevenly distributed environmental burdens of the Anthropocene become evident in conflicts surrounding the extractive industries. ThyssenKrupp’s steel mill (TKCSA) in Rio de Janeiro is an illustrative example. The factory transformed its surrounding landscape and emitted a fine metallic dust over its human and non-human neighbours. This article focuses on some of the less tangible elements of Anthropocene transformations around the mill. I examine ThyssenKrupp’s communication strategies to reveal the underlying meanings of corporate rhetorical devices, uncover the violence of public relations language and understand the intensity of feeling that surrounded it. I trace the affective registers that emerged around the steel mill as a result of its polluting activities, its approach to corporate communications, and its ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) activities. Everyday life involved minimal corporeal expressions of emotion that encapsulated feeling and allowed for perseverance in the face of toxic suffering. The ‘Stop TKCSA’ campaign involved affective labour; emotions were the agentic contribution campaigners were able to make in the context of unequal power structures. I centre these less visible dynamics of power to examine how emotions can shape experiences of environmental conflict, form coalitional politics, and contribute to the very landscapes of the Anthropocene.

Examining Professional Identity among Collegiate Athletic Trainers and its Relationship with Work-family Conflict

Purpose: Professional identity is defined as an individual’s set of attitudes and beliefs about their specific role in their profession; a concept that could perhaps have implications on experiences of work-family conflict. The purpose of the study is to examine professional identity within college athletic trainers and how it relates to experiences of work-family conflict. Methods: Data was collected through an online survey (Qualtrics) where participants responded to demographic questions and previously validated Professional Identity and Values (PIV) Scale and the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) Scale. Demographic data were reported and analyzed for descriptives and frequencies. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to identify differences among groups. Results: 585 (373 female, 210 male) college athletic trainers completed our study. Participants on average were 33 9 years of age and had 10 8 years of experience. Participants average score on the PIV scale was 93.618.96 and 4511.55 on the WFC scale. A Mann Whitey U test revealed there was no statistical difference between genders within the PIVS scale (p=.527). A Mann Whitey U test revealed a significant statistical difference between those who had less than 3 years of experience and those who had more than 3 years (U=20178.5, pConclusions:Male and female athletic trainers, regardless of their level within the NCAA collegiate setting, reported similar levels of PIV, but those athletic trainers with more than three years of experience reported higher levels. When an athletic trainer has responsibilities at home that require time and energy, his/her level of PIV is reduced.

Sisters Are Doing It for Themselves: How Female Combatants Help Generate Gender-Inclusive Peace Agreements in Civil Wars

This article examines the effect rebel women have on the shape of civil war peace agreements, paying particular attention to the specific gender-inclusive provisions female rebels advocate for. I argue that, through conflict experiences and socialization, rebel women develop group identities that foster collective demands. Their identities as fighters and women from marginalized groups encourage rebel women to lobby for provisions that address the grievances of women from these societal groups. Using data on women’s participation in conflict and the terms written into contemporary peace agreements, I find support for this contention. Greater participation of female combatants is associated with an increased likelihood of observing gender-inclusive agreement provisions calling for the inclusion of women from marginalized groups and addressing the specific post-conflict needs of female ex-combatants. This study is one of the first to show that women’s participation in rebellion matters for the shape of post-conflict peace.

Changing local climate patterns through hail suppression systems: conflict and inequalities between farmers and wine producers in the Burgundy Region (France)

Meteorological hazards can lead farmers to resort to strategies such as weather modifications. In this paper, we study how the use of such strategies, in this case silver iodide ground generators aimed at protecting vineyards from hail, caused a conflict between farmers (wine producers and cattle breeders) in Burgundy, France. The conflict emerged as the installation of these generators coincided with 3 years of severe droughts (2018, 2019 and 2020), which incurred additional expenses and organisational difficulties for local cattle breeders and led them to suspect a potential link between the generators and the droughts. We followed a transdisciplinary research approach, based on local stakeholder input and their need to mitigate the negative impacts of the conflict. Based on this approach, we studied the links between generator use and precipitation, and carried out in-depth interviews to study farmers’ experiences of climate, generators and conflicts in the region. Whilst the climatic analysis shows no local or regional effects of the generators on precipitation volumes, the sociological study highlights the vulnerability of farmers to successive droughts, found to be part of a wider pattern of climate change based on water balance variables (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration potential, soil wetness index) over a long period (1959–2020). Our results suggest that the use of technical solutions to mitigate meteorological hazards, within a broader context of climate engineering, can lead to conflicts at the regional level, and that the climate change challenge in the context of agriculture requires a focus on wider social issues including vulnerability.