Experiences Of Injustice Research Articles

“My head between blankets”: exploring trauma and affective injustice in the school life trajectory of a female student in Argentina

This article examines how trauma and affective injustice permeate the school life trajectory of a female student (Sofia) in Argentina. The study is theoretically grounded in the field of trauma studies in education and contributes to this literature by attending to affective injustice, a concept that has not received much attention yet. This study foregrounds Sofia’s experience of affective injustice and demonstrates that this concept is crucial in further understanding students’ experiences of affective trauma in school. Assembling rich materials (report cards, interviews, psychologists’ reports, social media posts, autobiographical texts) that span over a period of 17 years, the study uses qualitative perspectives to show how Sofia understands and experiences affective injustice in various phases of her school life. In particular, these experiences are presented in the form of an assemblage of expressions showing how Sofia communicates her claims of affective injustice using varied means and resources ranging from linguistic, behavioural, biographical, creative, emotional, bodily, and artistic expression. The paper concludes with a discussion of the educational implications of the study.

Algorithmic gender bias: investigating perceptions of discrimination in automated decision-making

ABSTRACT With the widespread use of artificial intelligence and automated decision-making (ADM), concerns are increasing about automated decisions biased against certain social groups, such as women and racial minorities. The public's skepticism and the danger of algorithmic discrimination are widely acknowledged, yet the role of key factors constituting the context of discriminatory situations is underexplored. This study examined people’s perceptions of gender bias in ADM, focusing on three factors influencing the responses to discriminatory automated decisions: the target of discrimination (subject vs. other), the gender identity of the subject, and situational contexts that engender biases. Based on a randomised experiment (N = 602), we found stronger negative reactions to automated decisions that discriminate against the gender group of the subject than those discriminating against other gender groups, evidenced by lower perceived fairness and trust in ADM, and greater negative emotion and tendency to question the outcome. The negative reactions were more pronounced among participants in underserved gender groups than men. Also, participants were more sensitive to biases in economic and occupational contexts than in other situations. These findings suggest that perceptions of algorithmic biases should be understood in relation to the public's lived experience of inequality and injustice in society.

Re-traumatised: The experience of injustice whilst seeking justice.

Re-traumatised: The experience of injustice whilst seeking justice.

Speaking Out: Graphic Narrative as Alternative Jurisdiction

Taking its cue from the recent “graphic turn” in law and humanities scholarship, this essay explores the potentially enabling possibilities of graphic literature as a site of doing justice. In particular, it connects critical work on graphic justice with recent theorisations of victims’ justice to ask whether graphic narrative(s) might provide an alternate space, or what Leigh Gilmore terms an “alternative jurisdiction,” that allows victims of international crimes and/or grave human rights violations to claim justice outside the formal bounds of law. From this perspective, the inquiry pursues two complementary aims. First, it seeks to offer new insight into the possibilities of graphic narrative to give voice to the lived experience of trauma and injustice – not just as testimony or evidence, nor as a mere humanistic gloss on the rigidly defined terrain of law, but rather as a form of justice itself. Second, it looks to present a set of fresh reflections on international law’s treatment of violent trauma, and on the sites and spaces within which victims’ justice might be effectively addressed and attained.

Cultivating Critical Love to Improve Black Maternal Health Outcomes.

Racism is responsible for the maldistribution of power in society and manifests as persistent disparities in maternal health among Black women in the United States. Testimonial injustice is an expression of prejudice that uses identity to undermine individuals' credibility as authoritative "knowers" of their own bodies, selves, and experiences. Among Black women, experiences of testimonial injustice in health care encounters are common and likely contribute to disparities in Black maternal health. To promote more equitable power distribution and prioritize testimonial justice in clinical encounters, this article proposes a conceptual framework for fostering critical-racial consciousness among health professions students and trainees. The goal is for critical-racial consciousness development and refinement to stimulate antiracist actions in medical decision making and, ultimately, lead to a more equitable health care system in which Black women can thrive.

Whose water crisis? How policy responses to acute environmental change widen inequality

AbstractPolicy responses to the challenges associated with environmental change, including more frequent and severe climatic events, have interlinked environmental and social impacts. Less attention has been afforded to the latter, and specifically to the question of not just whether but how such responses create or entrench inequality. This paper examines policy responses to drought events in California, United States, and the Western Cape Province, South Africa, in terms of their effects on inequality, revealed in relationships to water access networks. We use concepts of water justice and hydraulic citizenship to evaluate how and why these policy responses reproduced water injustices in the two settings. We focus particularly on two mechanisms linking responses to widened inequalities: values‐reinforcement and strategic communication. Using interviews, policy documents, and media reports, we employ process tracing methods to illustrate these mechanisms through which drought policy impacts hydraulic citizenship experiences, manifesting water injustice. We contribute to emerging examinations of environmental policy responses and maladaptation by demonstrating how concepts of hydraulic citizenship and an emphasis on mechanisms can help us better understand and identify experiences of water injustice. We note policy implications and areas for future research, highlighting droughts as consequential policy sites for advancing social and environmental justice.

Development and Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire with Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Development and Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire with Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Functional Movement Disorder; Importance of Proper Diagnosis and Treatment: A Case Report

Background: Dystonia is a common movement disorder with a wide range of aetiologies. Delays in the identification and initiation of effective treatments should be minimized to improve patient pain and optimize outcomes. This case report aims to underscore the successful treatment of chronic dystonia with the use of mood-modifying serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and encourage clinicians to consider a diagnosis of functional (psychogenic) movement disorder in patients with dystonia that is refractory to usual treatment.
 Case Report: This case report describes a 40-year-old woman who presented to a chronic pain clinic for pain related to cervical dystonia with associated head tremor. Her symptoms were refractory to nearly a decade of quarterly botulinum toxin injections. Based on careful evaluation of the patient’s history, a normal neurological examination, increased Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Injustice Experiences Questionnaire (IEQ) scores, and unsuccessful symptom management with botulinum toxin A, a diagnosis of functional movement disorder (FMD) was made. Low-dose Cymbalta was initiated. The patient achieved near complete symptom remission and resolution of her chronic pain within 2 months and achieved near complete resolution in 2 years.
 Conclusion: A diagnosis of FMD should be considered in all patients with dystonia, but especially in patients who respond inadequately to botulinum toxin injections or other rehabilitation therapies. The treatment of comorbid psychiatric conditions can result in substantial benefits and remission from dystonia due to FMD.

Injustice Promotes Unethical Behavior Through Moral Disengagement

People are aversive to injustice. Yet how injustice experiences influence people’s ethic violation is understudied. Across three studies, we found that injustice increases unethical behavior and that moral disengagement is an underlying driver of this effect. By measuring (Study 1) and manipulating injustice (Study 2), two studies demonstrated that moral disengagement mediated the association between injustice and unethical behavior. Consistent with the moral disengagement mechanism, experimentally lowering participants’ moral disengagement eliminated the effect of injustice on unethical behavior (Study 3). These findings add to the literature on injustice as well as unethical behavior and have important implications.

Mobilizing or Sedative Effects? A Narrative Review of the Association Between Intergroup Contact and Collective Action Among Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups

Academic In this narrative review, we examined 134 studies of the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action benefiting disadvantaged groups. We aimed to identify whether, when, and why contact has mobilizing effects (promoting collective action) or sedative effects (inhibiting collective action). For both moderators and mediators, factors associated with the intergroup situation (compared with those associated with the out-group or the in-group) emerged as the most important. Group status had important effects. For members of socially advantaged groups (examined in 98 studies, 100 samples), contact had a general mobilizing effect, which was stronger when contact increased awareness of experiences of injustice among members of disadvantaged groups. For members of disadvantaged groups (examined in 49 studies, 58 samples), contact had mixed effects. Contact that increased awareness of injustice mobilized collection action; contact that made the legitimacy of group hierarchy or threat of retaliation more salient produced sedative effects. Public We present a review of existing studies that have investigated the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action aimed at promoting equity for disadvantaged groups. We further consider the influence of contact that is positive or negative and face-to-face or indirect (e.g., through mass or social media), and we distinguish between collective action that involves socially acceptable behaviors or is destructive and violent. We identified 134 studies, considering both advantaged (100 samples) and disadvantaged groups (58 samples). We found that intergroup contact impacts collective action differently depending on group status. Contact generally leads advantaged groups to mobilize in favor of disadvantaged groups. However, contact has variable effects on members of disadvantaged groups: It sometimes promotes their collective action in support of their own group; in other cases, it leads them to be less likely to engage in such action. We examine when and why contact can have these different effects.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Injustice Experience Questionnaire in Greek

Purpose The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) gauges the extent to which individuals with chronic pain perceive feelings of injustice concerning their pain. The study’s objective was to assess the feasibility, absolute and relative reliability, as well as the convergent and construct validity of the Greek version of the IEQ. Methods A cross-cultural adaptation of the IEQ in Greek was carried out according to the published guidelines. Ninety patients with chronic pain and 44 healthy participants completed the IEQ-GR, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A subset of 36 volunteers completed the IEQ-GR twice over 1 week. Results The ICC was calculated at 0.98 for IEQ-total and 0.83–0.96 for all items. The Cronbach’s a was estimated at 0.98 for IEQ-total and 0.91–0.98 for all items. The SEM ranged from 0.20 to 1.63 and the SDC was 0.36–2.62 for all items. Positive and significant correlations between IEQ-GR and PCS (r = 0.59, p < 0.01), HADS (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), HADS depression (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), and HADS anxiety (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), were found. There was a statistically significant difference in IEQ between the patient and control groups. Conclusions The IEQ-GR demonstrated excellent reliability, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity in a Greek population.

The New Hysteria: Borderline Personality Disorder and Epistemic Injustice

The diagnostic category of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has come under increasing criticism in recent years. In this paper, we analyze the role and impact of epistemic injustice, specifically testimonial injustice, in relation to the diagnosis of BPD. We first offer a critical sociological and historical account, detailing and expanding a range of arguments that BPD is problematic nosologically. We then turn to explore the epistemic injustices that can result from a BPD diagnosis, showing how they can lead to experiences of testimonial injustice which impede patient engagement in meaning-making activities, thereby undermining standard therapeutic goals. We conclude by showing how our arguments bolster ongoing efforts to replace the diagnostic category of BPD with alternatives such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

Mahi Whakaahua: A practice-led methodological approach into documentary filmmaking through a Kaupapa Māori Paradigm

It is generally accepted practice that research writing should include a review of the methodology and methods designed to increase the chances of the discovery of new knowledge in the field of inquiry. However, in indigenous research, the over-reliance on Western paradigms and methodological frameworks can be problematic, because they do not consider the ontology and epistemology located in ancestral practices. By considering the Māori doctoral thesis: ‘Tangohia mai te taura’ (Take this rope), this article argues that a methodological approach for indigenous researchers must be extended to embrace many forms of knowledge, including Kaupapa Māori as an approach to scholarly research, informed by historical narratives, and knowledge based on oral repositories of experience that exist in indigenous waiata (songs), oriori (chants), karakia (prayers) and pūrākau (storytelling). As an extension of this, an indigenous inquiry that seeks to exhume lived experiences of injustice must also frame the genealogically connected, orally accounted experiences of communities as valued repositories of knowledge when designing a methodological approach to filmmaking. &#x0D;

Gender-Based Violence and Global Capitalism: Everyday experiences of female laborers in the fast fashion garment industry

The garment industry is an industrial sector that recruits more female laborers. However, female laborers in the garment industry often experience various forms of injustice and acts of violence, such as low wages, gender discrimination or high workloads. Various forms of injustice and violence must be studied continuously, considering that this industry is still rapidly growing globally. The emergence of the fast fashion trend encourages the expansion of the garment industry, which can potentially eternalize injustice and violence against female laborers. Female garment laborers bear a substantial role in the production sector, starting from preparing materials, cutting materials, sewing, ironing, and playing various roles as helpers in various production processes. This paper examines daily experiences of injustice and violence experienced by several female garment laborers from one of the garment factories in Jakarta. Adopting the theoretical approach of feminist everyday political economy, this paper analyzes those experiences that reflect miscellaneous structural and cultural gender violence heavily influenced by global capitalism.

Half Just or Half Unjust? the Influence of Dispositional Optimism on the Link Between Interpersonal Peer Injustice, Negative Emotions and Sleep Problems

While optimism – a cognitive disposition that involves positive beliefs about the future – is a strong predictor of wellbeing at work, we know little about its role in how people experience and respond to injustice at work. In other words, does optimism mitigate or exacerbate the experience of workplace injustice? This is an important practical question because optimism is a promising avenue for interventions. Taking an affective events perspective, we expect that daily events of peer injustice trigger affective reactions, and that the degree of trait optimism will influence the strength of these affective reactions. Thus, we develop two competing predictions. The reverse buffer hypothesis, which suggests that optimists’ heightened expectations lead to increased disappointment and hence more negative emotions in the face of injustice, and the buffer hypothesis, which suggests that optimists’ better use of coping strategies allows them to experience less negative emotions. In a 10-day diary study with 251 employees, we find support for the buffer hypothesis of optimism on peer injustice experiences: those higher in optimism reported fewer negative emotions and lower levels of sleep problems the night following such experiences. Our findings illustrate how cognitive and emotional mechanisms interact in predicting reactions to injustice, particularly sleep problems.

Perceived Injustice in Cancer Survivors: Population-Specific Cut-Off Score and Relations with Personal Factors, Symptoms and Quality of Life-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Fatigue and pain are the most common side effects impacting quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. Recent insights have shown that perceived injustice (PI) can play a substantial role in these side effects, but research on cancer survivors is scarce. Furthermore, guidelines for recognizing clinically relevant levels of PI in cancer survivors are missing. The aims of this study are to provide a clinically relevant cut-off for PI and to explore relationships between personal characteristics, symptoms, and QoL with PI. This multicenter, cross-sectional study uses the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Patient-Specific Complaints (PSC), Multidimensional Fatigue Index (MFI), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30). A clinical cut-off for PI was identified based on the 75th percentile of IEQ scores. Univariate and multivariate regressions explored the relationship between PI and personal characteristics (sex, age, cancer type, treatment type), symptoms (pain intensity, fatigue), and QoL (daily activity complaints, cancer-related QoL). Cancer survivors (n = 121) were included, and a cut-off of 20 was identified. Significant indirect associations were found between chemotherapy, NPRS, PSC, MFI, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 with PI. In the multivariate model, only MFI (B = 0.205; 95% CI: 0.125-0.018) and age (B = 0.086; 95% CI: -0.191-0.285) maintained a significant association with PI.

Nurses'ways of talking about their experiences of (in)justice in healthcare organizations: Locating the use of language as a means of analysis.

Nurses have their own ways of talking about their experiences of injustice in healthcare organizations. The aim of this article is to describe how nurses talk about their work-life experiences and discuss the discursive effects that arise from nurses'use of language regarding their political agency. To this end, we present the findings garnered from a study focused on exploring how nurses deploy their political agency to project their idea of social and political justice in public healthcare organizations and how they face the challenges and uncertainties of (re)thinking their institutional order when it does not resonate with their professional ethos. We then discuss the implications that nurses'use of language has in relation to their ability to deploy their political agency to oppose the forms of injustice they face in their daily practice. We conclude by stating that careful attention should be placed on understanding the discursive implications of nurses'use of language on their individual and collective emancipation in healthcare organizations.

Integrity over fidelity: transformational lessons from youth participatory action research to nurture SEL with adolescents.

Much has been written about social and emotional learning (SEL) and its positive impact on young people's academic and life outcomes, yet most of this research is based in early childhood and elementary settings. SEL programming for adolescents has shown mixed results, with many programs proving to be largely ineffective or even showing slightly negative impacts for some youth. Adherence to scripted SEL curricula, or "fidelity" to the program components, is often seen by young people to be "lame", inauthentic, and condescending, failing to connect to the topics and issues that feel most critical to them in this stage of their development. For all students, and especially for those whose identities have been systematically marginalized or oppressed by the dominant culture, SEL programming that fails to explicitly address these experiences of injustice often feels inauthentic and out of touch for youth. Therefore, effective implementation of SEL for adolescents is likely to require skillful adaptation and responsiveness to the identities, interests, and motivations of students by educators. In this case, effective SEL may look less like fidelity to a specific set of scripts, sessions, or activities, but rather a commitment to the wholeness of a set of core principles, relationships, and opportunities for adolescent exploration and leadership/empowerment, or what we will call integrity of implementation. In this paper, we present one promising approach to adolescent social and emotional development - youth participatory action research (YPAR) - and the ways in which studying the YPAR process (in addition to the research topics selected by youth) can provide key insights into the social and emotional learning and development of youth.

From Abstinence to Deviance: Sexual Stereotypes Associated With Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals

IntroductionStereotypes around sex and gender have played an important role in shaping experiences of discrimination and social injustice for trans individuals. In addition, trans identities have been historically associated with sexual deviance and pathology in the psychomedical literature. In the present study, we investigated stereotypes associated with trans people’s sexuality.MethodsWe recruited 297 transmasculine and nonbinary individuals for an online study. In an open-ended question, participants were asked to describe stereotypes they have encountered regarding the sex lives of trans people they felt were inaccurate.ResultsThematic analysis revealed four overarching themes: (1) deviance; (2) discomfort with trans sexuality as stigmatizing; (3) stereotypes based on gender; and (4) absence of stereotyping.ConclusionResults highlight the ways trans sexuality is exoticized. Findings also underscore that sexual stereotyping of trans individuals is, at times, based on assigned sex and, at other times, based on gender identity.Policy ImplicationsStereotypes, particularly those related to sexuality, may seem harmless, but they can have far-reaching consequences on interpersonal relationships and societal systems. Challenging stereotypes in policies and social environments is crucial for promoting inclusivity and community welfare.

Injustice and Embitterment: Crucial Stressors in Psychosomatic Patients

Objective: “Disorders specifically associated with stress” are receiving increasing attention in clinical practice, research, and modern classification systems of mental disorders. This includes not only reactions to “extremely threatening or horrific events” as it is characteristic for “post-traumatic stress disorders” but also a variety of day-to-day experiences. Examples are experiences of injustice, humiliation, or breach of trust which can have dire psychological consequences such as feelings of embitterment, a strong and crippling emotion. This study investigated the frequency of feelings of injustice and concomitant embitterment across different areas of daily life of psychosomatic patients. Methods: In an observational archival study, 200 inpatients of a department of behavioral medicine filled in the “Differential Life Burden Scale, DLB-Scale” and the “Post-Traumatic Embitterment Scale, PTED-Scale” which asks for experiences of injustice and embitterment. Results: More than half of all patients (58.5%) reported about very or extremely unjust and unfair life events and 51.5% additionally about feelings of embitterment. This was primarily associated with complaints about problems in the family and the workplace and was accompanied by an impairment of well-being. Conclusions: The findings indicate that experiences of injustice and embitterment are frequently seen in psychosomatic inpatients and should get special attention.