Experience Of Developed Countries Research Articles

Multidisciplinary PAIN management features of pediatric oncology patients in a pediatric cancer center in Turkiye: A developing country experience.

e22002 Background: Pain is one of the most important problems that affects more than half of cancer patients at any stage of the disease and disrupts the quality of life of patients. The aim should be to relieve pain as soon as possible and prevent its recurrence. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of our patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of cancer in our clinic and whose pain management was planned in a multidisciplinary manner with the department of Algology. The clinic where the study was conducted is the reference center of a middle income developing country. Therefore, the data obtained will represent the characteristics of developing countries. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, patients followed up with diagnosis of cancer at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology between 2018 and 2023 and consulted to Department of Algology for pain management were included. Patients whose file information could not be accessed from the hospital information system were excluded from the study. Demographic and clinical parameters of the patients were recorded. The data were evaluated with descriptive statistical methods appropriate to distribution. Results: A total of 33 patients, 19 girls and 14 boys, aged between 2.2 and 23.5 (median 14.4) were evaluated in the study. For each case, a median of 2 (1-16) consultations were made. The most frequent cancer diagnosis was bone tumors with 42% (n:14). Nociceptive pain was present in 25 of the patients, nociceptive and neuropathic pain were present together in 8 patients. It was determined that the most commonly used treatment for pain management was paracetamol, which was used in all patients. Other agents used, in order of frequency: Fentanyl in 19 (57.6%) of the patients, NSAID in 13 (39.4%), gabapentin in 9 (27.3%), oxycodone in 12 (36.4%), 7 (3%) 21.2) were tramadol, 4 (12.5%) were morphine, and 1 (3%) was codeine-paracetamol. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was used in one patient. Side effects were observed in 3 patients. Fentanyl-related constipation was observed in 1 patient, fentanyl-related globe vesicale was observed in 1 patient, and thrombocytopenia was observed in 1 patient due to gabapentin. Conclusions: Pain is an important factor affecting the quality of life and treatment compliance of children with cancer. Therefore, it is important to ensure effective treatment and to raise the awareness of physicians and care providers by keeping it constantly on the agenda especially in developing countries. Prospective studies will be most useful guide for clinicians.

Georgia-EU Cooperation in the Field of Culture in Multilateral and Bilateral International Format

In the realm of international relations, the significance of culture and soft power is steadily growing, particularly in the establishment of diplomatic ties and the fostering of cooperation among nations. As Georgia progresses in its integration into the European Union—a political and economic endeavor given the union's nature—its motto of "unity in diversity" exemplifies the European commitment to peace, citizen well-being, and the celebration of cultural diversity. The European Union stands as a prominent example of effective soft power utilization in international relations, with culture representing one of its most intricate integration domains. In the context of Georgia's deepening ties with the EU, a thorough examination of European and developed countries' cultural pathways and experiences becomes imperative. This analysis is essential for Georgia to chart a coherent, unified, and effective cultural policy, both domestically and on the global stage. Following the European Commission's recommendation on November 8, 2023, Georgia was granted the EU candidate status by the European Council on December 14, officially becoming part of the EU's enlargement policy. Consequently, it becomes even more pertinent for Georgia to scrutinize and understand the EU's cultural policy, a cornerstone of its foreign relations strategy. The influence of cultural policy on the EU-Eastern Partnership relations emerges as the significant force shaping their development. Cultural cooperation serves as a linchpin, fostering mutual understanding, identity preservation, and the cultivation of shared values. The analysis of progress and challenges within Georgia-EU cooperation, both bilaterally and multilaterally, offers insight into how cultural relations are cultivated within the Eastern Partnership framework. The EU cultural policy, operationalized through various mechanisms like association agreements and support packages, prioritizes democracy, human rights, and cultural cooperation, adapting to the unique circumstances of each partner country. Examining the EU's cultural policy within the Eastern Partnership context underscores culture's pivotal role in diplomacy, cooperation, and economic development. Establishing an effective vision centered on cultural cooperation is crucial for Georgia's engagement with the EU, positioning it as a cornerstone of the partnership's success. Keywords: EU cultural policy, soft power, European integration, European perspective.

Feasibility and efficacy of low-field magnetic resonance imaging in critically unwell children: A developing country experience

Feasibility and efficacy of low-field magnetic resonance imaging in critically unwell children: A developing country experience

Transitioning to a Сlimate-Resilient Society: Empirical Evidence on What Drives the Adoption of Green Computing Policies in Nigerian Organisations

Promoting all efforts that centres around environmental sustainability is a collective responsibility. This paper recognizes the axiom that embracing green computing principles across all sectors, not just in corporations, leads to low-carbon development strategies and contributes positively to our planet. Hinged on this perspective, this study was poised to succinctly identify what drives the adoption of green computing policies, justify them, and recommend strategic policies based on the existing experience of other developed countries. The present study employed convenience sampling, a widely used non-probability sampling method, where participants are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the study. Limitations that hinder the adoption of green computing policies in some Nigerian organizations were examined. Primary data was collected from 52 participants, specifically top managers on the awareness, adoption, or practice of green computing policies in their affiliated organizations. Most respondents claimed awareness of green computing policies, while the use of power management features was considered the most adopted green initiative. However, when respondents were asked whether their organizations were doing enough to reduce their carbon footprint and operational cost through green computing initiatives, most respondents (61.5%) claimed their organization was not doing enough in this regard. It is important to note that this study considered several factors that are critical for the adoption of green computing, namely knowledge transfer, financing, availability of basic infrastructure (energy supply), presence of investors and the increasing number of recycling centres. Additionally, this paper reasoned that achieving a climate-resilient society, particularly through the adoption of green computing principles, necessitates ongoing and deliberate efforts focused on public awareness, green investment, and stringent corporate green policy guidelines, with a focused training approach for every member of the organization.

HAKAMLIK SUDINING HAL QILUV QARORI TUSHUNCHASI VA HUQUQIY AHAMIYATI

"Arbitration courts, in our opinion, are one of the main institutions of civil society. A modern legal state cannot exist and function without a strong civil society. The experience of developed Western countries shows that citizens and entrepreneurs have a very positive attitude towards arbitration courts, since arbitration processes are designed to quickly and efficiently resolve disputes and other problems in civil and economic activities. Therefore, in the context of the further deepening of democratic reforms and the formation of civil society in our country, it is extremely necessary to widely develop the institution of arbitration. At the same time, it should be noted that today, in addition to competent courts, various problems arise when considering a number of cases of civil and economic disputes by arbitration courts. This article, based on an analysis of foreign experience, examines the issue of the concept and legal significance of an arbitration award. The interaction of the arbitration court with the competent (state) courts, its procedure and shortcomings in focusing on the execution of the decision of the people has also been studied. In accordance with this, the author’s definition of the concept of resolution will be developed, as well as proposals and recommendations for our national legislation regarding the application of the mediation procedure. "

Comparative Analysis of Criminal Liability for the Crime of Desertion in Ukraine and in the International Legal Order

According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, ensuring its economic and information security are the most important functions of the state and the business of the entire Ukrainian people. The defence of Ukraine, protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability are entrusted to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. One of the most important issues at the present stage (during the russian-Ukrainian war) of our country's development is the reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, transition to a new qualitative and professional level, to an improved legislative framework, which, in turn, requires a review of the current military legislation, the establishment of new military legal norms based on the rich experience of developed and promising modern countries. One of the important methods of scientific knowledge is comparative, which is most often used in criminal law research. Moreover, the use of the comparative legal method is extremely important given our country's aspirations for European integration and full membership in the European Union. Among the fundamental social values protected by criminal law, an important place is occupied by the country's defence capability, which is an important guarantee of the key attributes of the state: unity, sovereignty and independence. Desertion is a criminal offence and is considered by the military to be one of the most serious forms of breach of military duty. Desertion has also proved to be a controversial and emotionally charged socio-political issue. Although in peacetime desertion usually receives little attention, emotions can run high in times of conflict or crisis when a nation relies on its military to ensure peace or even to fight for its survival. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of criminal liability for the criminal offence of desertion under Article 408 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, taking into account legislative changes that have been made to both the General and Special Parts of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author also provides a comparative analysis of criminal liability for the crime of desertion under the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as well as an analysis of criminal liability for the said crime under the laws of other countries. The author also actively emphasises the unacceptably low number of scientific publications on the legal regulation of desertion as a war crime in Ukraine compared to the imposition of punishment and criminal liability for committing such a crime, especially during martial law.

WAYS OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION CONTEXT

The issues of the modern direction of sustainable development of the competitive machine-building industry in Europe and the possibility of transforming the experience of developed European countries into a strategy for the development of small and medium-sized machine-building enterprises in Ukraine are considered. It was noted that it is SMEs that are the basis for the development of the EU economy, and the rationale for this fact was given. It was emphasized that the engineering industry is the largest sector of the EU economy in terms of the number of enterprises, employment of workers, production and value added. It is assumed that it is the development of SMEs in the machine-building industry of Ukraine that will become a significant contribution to the accelerated restoration of the social and economic well-being of Ukrainian society during the period of the country's recovery. A comparative analysis of the numerical number of machine-building enterprises of various sizes is given both in the developed countries of Europe and in Ukraine. The need for the development and implementation of digital services in the machine-building industry of Ukraine, in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0, was emphasized at all stages of the product life cycle to ensure the flexibility and competitiveness of SMEs. The barriers to the implementation of the 4.0 concept for the sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses in the world are analyzed, and individual barriers are identified that today pose a threat to the development of the Ministry of Railways of Ukraine as a whole. It is noted that one of the biggest problems in the world development of the Ministry of Railways as a whole is the problem of training (retraining) a new generation of qualified personnel. It is concluded that in order to develop competitive SMEs in Ukraine in the context of its integration into the EU, it is necessary to pay attention to the training of highly qualified technical personnel who, on the one hand, can play the role of system integrators and implementers of Industry 4.0 tasks, and, on the other hand, be able to solve the associated problems of mechanical engineering technology from idea to product manufacturing using digital services based on a single digital core. The scientific value of the work lies in the substantiation of ways to ensure the competitiveness of SMEs based on the foundations of the symbiosis of education, science and manufacture on the basis of a single digital core.

Evaluation of average glandular dose (AGD) in screening and diagnostic digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) towards establishing a reference dose range band (DRB): a developing country experience

This study represents the first national survey conducted in Sri Lanka to establish national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for screening and diagnostic acquisitions in digital mammography (2D-DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between average glandular dose (AGD) and compressed breast thickness (CBT) and introduced a novel concept called dose range bands (DRBs) as a tool for optimizing radiation dose in mammography. DICOM metadata was used to extract dose data and exposure parameters from women undergoing either screening (350) or diagnostic (750) DM. The analysis included both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of each breast, acquired using 2D-DM and DBT imaging techniques. The NDRL (AGD per view) was 1.97 mGy and 2.01 mGy for diagnostic DM and DBT, respectively. The corresponding NDRLs for screening acquisition were 2.44 mGy and 2.30 mGy. The mean DBT/DM AGD ratio was 1.39 and 0.97 for diagnostic and screening, respectively. Further, the association between the average glandular AGD per view and CBT is stronger in DBT than in 2D-DM. The study findings highlight the need for standardisation of compression practices, considering factors such as the radiographer’s experience, imaging equipment, breast density, age, breast size, and pain threshold.

Selection for the club and national teams of Germany in four-year cycles of preparation for competitions

Discussions about the need for the development of youth and mass football in Ukraine for a long time have remained only conversational creativity. Attempts to do half-measures do not bring any positive results. At the same time, the long-term experience of other developed countries in the field of football shows that even full-fledged measures do not always immediately give the desired result. Only an exceptionally thought-out systematic approach over a long period of time is capable of ensuring the development and effectiveness of a multidisciplinary concept, methodology or program.
 The experience of such developed countries in terms of football as Germany has proven, and the football managers of England, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, France and many other leading football countries agree with them, that the bet on youth is a win-win, and in this case, universal profit is guaranteed can be considerable.
 In the long term, the Ukrainian Football Association could consider studying the German experience, both at the club and national level. For Ukrainian football clubs, the traditional management system with the rule "50% shares + 1 share" seems very appropriate. Such a model would not only develop the concept of developing young football talents, but also contribute to the de- oligarchization of Ukrainian football.

TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF SERBIA AND E-GOVERNMENT ACCORDING TO THE EUROPEAN UNION MODEL

<p style="text-align: justify;">Transition countries and underdeveloped countries in long-term development strategies seek to eliminate evident anomalies and controversies in all spheres of society. There is an urgent need for a radical transformation of all segments of the community at all levels of organization and innovation, modeled on the developed countries of the European Union. The reform of public authority and administration is an essential obligation of relevant subjects in the context of incorporating one's own creation into modern international trends. The new public management is a modern public sector paradigm based on the implementation of the experiences of developed European countries. The focus is on systemic changes in accordance with the specifics of collectivity, the concept of privatization and the commitment to service to citizens. The first role in the reorganization is achieved by the application of information and communication technologies with the introduction of the eGovernment model in all bodies, institutions and companies. These postulates enable the necessary integration, efficiency and prosperity of society in the broadest context.</p>

The Impact of Urbanization on the Flow of Traffic in Faisalabad City Pakistan

It is estimated that 50% of the world's population is living on only 2% of land area. Population scientists also believe that the urban population will increase from 80% to 90% by 2030 which is why urban growth is a significant problem in the developing world. Rapid urbanization has created many problems like haphazard development, disturbance in the ecological system, shortage of shelter and food polluted environment, lack of basic facilities, and traffic congestion. Besides traffic jams, traffic flow is also the major reason for different types of pollution like noise pollution and air pollution, which is a cause of health problems. Pakistan being a developing country experiences the same problems because of rapid urbanization. Faisalabad is the third largest city (according to the rank-size rule) and is famous for the agro cottage and textile industry. It covered the 313.21km2 area. Traffic congestion is a significant problem in Pakistan’s cities because of their unplanned infrastructure and explosive population growth. Faisalabad is the first planned city of the subcontinent. With time, Faisalabad’s infrastructure faced many changes due to uncontrolled urbanization. Road transport increased by 3% yearly due to the usage of personal automobiles. In the usage of personal vehicles, the share of motorcycles is 89 % while the share of cars is 50 %. Rapid urbanization is a severe threat to the city environment. Traffic congestion has become the problem of the day. This menace increased over time due to the slow development of roads and insufficient infrastructure as compared to rapid urbanization.

Implementation of an effective system for monitoring the application of gender equality policy: Experience from European Union countries

The European Union has been pursuing the policy aimed at achieving equality between women and men for a long time. The adoption of the Law "On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men" is an important step forward. However, the aspects of the control of compliance with the legislation in the field of gender policy remain poorly advanced and need to be adapted following the experience of developed European countries. The aim of this article was to outline the legislative mechanism for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men, and to compare it with European legislative experience and practice. During the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction and comparative analysis were used. As a result of the research, the mechanism for ensuring equal rights and opportunities in Ukraine was determined; the bodies, institutions and organizations empowered in the specified area were described along with the main aspects of gender equality legislation in Ukraine. It is concluded that government officials can use the results obtained during the research to improve some legislative aspects of control over gender policy implementation.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЗАМКНУТОГО ЦИКЛА В ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ РАЗВИТЫХ СТРАН ЕВРОПЫ

The problem of waste management has predetermined the actuality for the countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, to switch from a linear consumption model to a closed-cycle economy model. For the Russian Federation, which plans to develop a federal law on the closed-loop economy in 2024, it is relevant to take into account the experience of developed European countries. The article examines the practices of the transition of developed European countries to a closed-cycle economy, analyzes the legislative consolidation of the principles of a closed-cycle economy. The legislation of the European Union and the national legislation of Sweden, Finland, Germany, Great Britain and France were analyzed. The study revealed that the circular economy has been fixed in waste legislation by separate provisions evolutionarily since the 1970s, while the legislation of the European Union on waste is constantly being improved, adopting the experience of countries such as Sweden, Finland and Germany. The identified basic provisions and principles were translated, compared in semantic and terminological meaning, systematized and grouped into 7 basic principles that can form the basis for the development of the concept of a circular economy or legislative regulation of the closed-cycle economy in the Russian Federation.

Public sector digital transformation barriers: A developing country experience

Influenced by the global uptake of digital transformations, governments in developing countries are making considerable investments in digital transformation initiatives; however, these often result in very high failure rates. The overall purpose of this study is to identify why digital transformations in the public sector of developing country contexts fail. This paper reports on a rich revelatory case study of a Sri Lankan government agency that experienced digital transformation failure. Data was collected primarily via semi-structured interviews and augmented with document analysis that enabled us to derive deep insights into why digital transformations fail. We identified 23 failure factors which were grouped into 5 meta-themes, namely, Organisational, Implementing Agency, Cultural, Leadership and Macro-Level Factors, forming a failure factor model. The analysis also unveiled complex interrelationships between these themes/factors, which formed the basis for 6 evidence-supported propositions detailed in the paper. The findings will benefit public sector organizations in developing countries and their implementation partners to effectively plan their digital transformation strategies.

Using Health in All Policies Approach for the Management of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors: A Developing Country Experience.

Background: Controlling and preventing non-communicable diseases and their risk factors through multisector collaboration and participation of other stakeholders requires structures that provide the necessary basis for sustainable interaction between stakeholders with legal support. The purpose of this study is to express the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran in advancing the goals of the National Plan on Control and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) through Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach and multisector collaboration. Methods: In this qualitative study, all documents related to the control and prevention of non-communicable diseases in the Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Health and Food Security(SCHFS) in the period 2013-2020 were reviewed. Data were thematically analyzed with the qualitative content analysis method; coding has done manually. Results: Multisector work group, which is one of work groups in the National Committee for control and prevention of NCD, applies its effect through SCHFS that proposed a four-level policy formulation and decision-making units for multisector collaboration based on political and administrative structure and HiAP approach at the national and provincial level. The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and health secretariats are used as tools for a multisector approach in non-communicable disease management. Conclusion: To draw up an appropriate structure for multisector collaboration for health, it is necessary to have a whole government-policy approach, through which all relevant organizations are appointed to engage and work together in a coherent framework since a sustainable framework based on shared trust and understanding for multisector decision-making and health action is a prerequisite for achieving health goals in NCD management.

Positive prediction of malignancy in BI-RADS 4a, 4b and 4c lesions combined mammography and ultrasound: A developing country experience

Positive prediction of malignancy in BI-RADS 4a, 4b and 4c lesions combined mammography and ultrasound: A developing country experience

ABCL-203 Outcome Predictors of Childhood Burkitt's Lymphoma: A Developing Country Experience

The outcome of childhood Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) has improved remarkably over the past decade because of the development of risk-adapted multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimens. This study aimed to assess the outcome predictors of BL in children and adolescents. A retrospective study included all patients ≤18 years old diagnosed with BL and treated according to the modified LMB 96 protocol at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University from January 2012 to December 2016. A total of 170 patients were diagnosed with BL, with a median age of 5 years old. The abdomen was the most common primary site (90.0%). Bone marrow involvement was encountered in 12 patients (7%) and 10 (6%) had central nervous system (CNS) disease at presentation. From the whole study cohort, 7 patients (4.1%) were treated in group A, 130 (76.5%) in group B, and 27 (15.9%) patients in group C. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 82.9% and 82.8% respectively for the whole group. OS and EFS were 100%, 87.2%, and 57.7% for groups A, B, and C respectively (P<0.001). BM and/or CNS involvement were associated with significantly worse outcomes (50% for BM+ve vs 84.2% for BM-ve, P= 0.026) and (40% for CNS+ve vs 85.8% for CNS-ve, P<0.001). Early initiation of the induction cycle in a period ≤10 days of CVP start was associated with better outcomes 87.3% vs 68.6% for delayed group >10 days (P=0.020). The outcome of BL was significantly affected by disease group, BM and/or CNS involvement, and early initiation of induction therapy.

Solving the problems of regional banking in of Russia: experience of developed countries

The article discusses the features of building regional banking models in Germany, the USA, China, and Russia. In the course of the analysis, it is concluded that for the development of the domestic regional banking sector it is advisable to introduce the experience of developed Western countries. The necessity of creating a regulatory body of local self-government, the main task of which would be the supervision and development of regional banks, is shown. The task of forming a system of development banks at the regional level is substantiated. It is noted that the activities proposed in the article will contribute to solving the problems of Russian regional business, which will lead to the economic development of the regions.

Subject of the constitutional complaint in Ukraine

Given the experience of developed European countries in implementing the institution of individual constitutional complaint, Ukraine aims to increase the protection of human rights and freedoms. To this purpose, the institution of constitutional complaint was implemented in our country, which gave everyone the right to appeal to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with a constitutional complaint to verify the constitutionality of the law applied in the final court decision on the subject of the constitutional complaint.&#x0D; As follows from the above, the subject of verification of the normative legal act for compliance with the constitution on the constitutional complaint of a person can only be the law. The current legislation does not provide for the possibility of reviewing the constitutionality of other normative legal acts, such as acts of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which could jeopardize the authority of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and domestic justice in general. In addition, it may also threaten the proper protection of human rights and freedoms. Another negative consequence of such a narrowing of the subject of the constitutional complaint is that persons deprived of this right are forced to apply directly to the European Court of Human Rights to protect their violated rights.&#x0D; Some expansion of the subject of the constitutional complaint will significantly improve the situation with the rule of law and the Constitution, and will help increase public confidence in the body of constitutional jurisdiction. In addition, this will reduce the number of appeals to the European Court of Human Rights, which in the long run will improve the image of the domestic system of protection of human rights and freedoms.&#x0D; However, excessive expansion of the subject of the constitutional complaint may lead to an overload of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with such appeals, which may paralyze its activities. Thus, in resolving the issue of expanding the subject of the constitutional complaint, it is necessary to find a balance between ensuring proper protection of human rights and freedoms and the real possibility of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the field of such cases.

BK virus associated haemorrhagic cystitis in related donor haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A developing country experience.

A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at the Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Rawalpindi, from January 2016 to July 2018. Medical records of 193 patients were examined to determine the number of patients developing Haemorrhagic Cystitis associated with BK virus (BKV). BKV PCR testing was done on the patients' urine samples. Cytomegalovirus reactivation was also assessed weekly from day 30 to day 100, by CMV quantitative PCR testing on blood samples. Out of 193 patients, 11 (5.6%) developed haemorrhagic cystitis and all these patients were positive for BKV on urine samples. The maximum number of positive cases, i.e. 5 (2.6%) was in the age group three months to 10 years. Primary disease in seven out of 11 cases was Beta-Thalassemia Major.