Level Of Experience Research Articles

You make me feel like dancing: the effects of dance exposure on children’s cultural interests and social-emotional development

Stratification by race and socioeconomic status generates disparities in cultural exposure and consumption. Though public education can serve as a mechanism for addressing social inequalities, schools with high concentrations of low-income and minority students often lack the resources to provide enriching cultural experiences. Efforts to make cultural exposure and consumption more equitable remain stymied by school and neighborhood stratification, as well as by lingering questions about the value of cultural consumption for students. Employing a randomized research design, we analyze the effects of elementary students in under-resourced school participating in a collaborative dance program provided by a major ballet company. We find that participation increases students’ enthusiasm for dance and sense of self-efficacy. Students with prior lower levels of arts and culture exposure demonstrate the largest gains in self-efficacy and experience an increase in their sense of school connectedness. Male students, who were less enthusiastic about dance prior to the program, show the largest increase in dance enthusiasm. These findings demonstrate that targeted efforts by schools and arts organizations can play a meaningful role in students’ cultural capital acquisition, which in turn leads to higher student self-efficacy and sense of belonging, particularly for students with lower levels of arts and cultural learning experience.

Citizen science promotes knowledge, skills and collective action to monitor and protect freshwater streams

Abstract Citizen science has great potential to foster ecological knowledge, skills and collective action for biodiversity conservation. To date, however, there are few experimental studies of behaviour change outcomes induced by citizen science. We assessed the effects of citizen science in ecological stream monitoring on participants' individual and collective behaviour and action intentions to protect streams beyond the immediate scope of the citizen science project. For this we applied a three‐wave, quasi‐experimental survey design with a citizen science treatment group (N = 213 participants of the project FLOW in Germany) and two control groups (waiting control group: N = 92, panel control group: N = 250). In addition, we analysed citizen science effects on potential predictors of freshwater conservation behaviour, such as knowledge, skills, awareness of stream stressors and group identification. Results of linear mixed‐model analysis showed that, compared to the control groups, citizen scientists significantly increased their objective stream‐related knowledge, their self‐reported stream monitoring skills and their awareness of stream stressors. These changes remained stable 6 weeks after the citizen science intervention. Notably, citizen scientists also reported increased identification with their citizen science project group and higher levels of collective and personal behaviour to protect streams at posttest (e.g. contacting local politicians with ideas for stream protection or using biodegradable detergents). Analysis revealed that increases in group identification and collective stream protection behaviour were significantly correlated. We could show that the citizen science intervention was particularly effective for participants with high intrinsic motivation and for those with low prior knowledge and experience in stream monitoring. Synthesis and applications. Citizen science can serve as a useful tool to promote ecological understanding, awareness and collective action to conserve freshwater streams. By fostering volunteer skills and community building, citizen science projects can empower participants with different levels of experience to engage in freshwater monitoring and protection. Decision makers should actively support approaches for citizen participation in freshwater monitoring, recognising that collective engagement of diverse community members is needed to finally meet the European Water Framework Directive's goal of restoring the good ecological status of freshwater ecosystems. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Angiographic reconstructions of CT perfusion for occlusion detection in ischemic stroke

BackgroundBoth CT angiography and CT perfusion involve the administration and tracking of a contrast medium bolus for different purposes. In this study, we aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy and subjective image quality of CTP-angiographic reconstructions with conventional CTA for occlusion detection in ischemic stroke patients. MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with a final diagnosis of ischemic stroke and who underwent both CTA and CTP from September 2020 up to and including September 2021 were included. CTP-AR was reconstructed from the 1 mm CTP series at the time of maximum arterial inflow. Three readers with different levels of experience assessed both CTA and CTP for occlusion detection, expressed certainty, and rated subjective image quality. The reference standard was set at the consensus meeting. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Differences in subjective and objective image quality and certainty were assessed using Kendall’s tau correlation and paired samples t-tests. ResultsIn total, 107/210 included patients had an occlusion based on our reference standard. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for occlusion detection were 90 % (95 %CI 85–93 %) and 94 % (95 %CI 90–97 %) for CTA, and 89 % (95 %CI 84–93 %) and 93 % (95 %CI 89–96) for CTP-AR, respectively. The pooled certainty did not significantly differ between CTA and CTP-AR (P=.43). The pooled subjective image quality scores significantly differed between CTA and CTP-AR (τ = 0.3, P < 0.001), where one reader rated subjective image quality higher in CTA and two readers in CTP-AR. ConclusionCTP-AR has comparable diagnostic accuracy to conventional CTA imaging for occlusion detection in ischemic stroke patients. Thus, using CTP-AR instead of CTA plus CTP may conserve contrast medium.

Traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of colonic lesions: a North American experience

Background and aimsTraction-assisted ESD (TA-ESD) is a proposed technique to improve the efficiency and efficacy of ESD. Multiple studies primarily from Asian centers yielded mixed results in terms of procedure time, en bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate in comparison to conventional ESD (C-ESD). We performed the first comparison of TA-ESD and C-ESD at a high-volume North American center. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort matched study of all patients who underwent colonic ESD at a single center in the United States by a single operator. The study group were patients who underwent TA-ESD and were matched with a C-ESD case on a 1:1 basis based upon location within the colon, lesion size, and scope stabilization device usage. The baseline characteristics and procedure-related outcomes were compared between the groups. Results138 colonic ESD cases were included (69 TA-ESD, 69 C-ESD). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the groups. Mean procedure time was 91.0 min (SD 32.5) for TA-ESD and 85.4 min (SD 39.3) for C-ESD (p=0.36). En bloc resection was achieved in 69 (100%) of the TA-ESDs and 67 (97.1%) of the C-ESDs (p=0.15). R0 resection was achieved in 52 (75.4%) of the TA-ESDs and 48 (69.6%) of the C-ESDs (p=0.45). ConclusionWe did not show a significant difference in procedure time, en bloc resection, R0 resection, or adverse events. Further randomized prospective studies that are sufficiently powered and stratified by operator experience level are needed to further elucidate the utility of the technique.

Ультразвуковой мониторинг легких при COVID-19 пневмониях в ОРИТ: межэкспертная повторяемость при выполнении врачами анестезиологами-реаниматологами: ретроспективное двухцентровое когортное исследование

INTRODUCTION: The subjectivity of ultrasound is a well-recognized limitation of the technique. This issue is particularly relevant for specialists with varying levels of experience performing routine ultrasound monitoring of intensive care unit patients with coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. To achieve optimal interrater agreement, it is essential to determine which protocol and lung ultrasound (LUS) scale are most effective. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interrater agreement of a 16-zone protocol using semiquantitative lung ultrasound (LUS) and the LUS NMHC (National Medical-Surgical Center) scales in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19, with assessments performed by both an expert and a novice specialist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 161 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent both computed tomography and lung ultrasound within 24 hours of admission. Lung ultrasound images were recorded as cine loops and scored by both an expert and a novice reader. The 16-zone protocol was tested using two types of scales, including the original LUS NMHC, to determine which provided the most reliable agreement between specialists with different levels of experience. RESULTS: The 16-zone protocol demonstrated high interrater agreement regardless of the scale used (LUS or LUS NMHC), with a correlation of scores between operators greater than 0.9 (p &gt; 0.001). This strong correlation (R &gt; 0.9, p &gt; 0.001) was consistent regardless of the time elapsed before the cine loops were reviewed by both experts and novices. CONCLUSIONS: The developed 16-zone protocol with the LUS NMHC score for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia shows high interrater agreement among anesthesiologists and intensivists with varying levels of ultrasound experience.

I'm a chatbot, ask me anything: using ChatGPT to improve learning experiences

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers substantial opportunities and challenges in higher education. Given the evolving technological landscape, educators must ensure that students acquire a skill set encompassing both AI and traditional academic skills to enable them to succeed in their studies and future careers. We tested two groups of students, who each watched a recorded lecture on an unfamiliar topic. The first group used ChatGPT to ask questions and clarify content during the lecture, while the second group used Google search for the same purpose. We assessed the impact of these tools on the students’ cognitive load (germane and extraneous) and measured active learning through the number of questions students asked. We also used a post-test quiz, covering the breadth of Bloom’s Taxonomy, to evaluate the efficacy of each method. We expected that students using ChatGPT would experience lower extraneous cognitive load, higher germane cognitive load, and would learn content more effectively. Qualitative results demonstrated a notable preference for chatbots over search engines, due to the ease of locating specific information and obtaining insightful responses. Our findings suggest the potential of AI as a transformative tool in education, helping to enhance and deepen learning, while ensuring students retain ownership of their critical and creative processes. Leveraging the potential of AI and large language models may also serve a broader purpose: by personalising learning experiences to match individual students’ language skills, experience levels, and needs, AI may bridge the gap between the tailored support students want and the practical constraints that educators face.

Virtual reality simulation and real-life training programs for cataract surgery: a scoping review of the literature

BackgroundCataract surgery requires a high level of dexterity and experience to avoid serious intra- and post-operative complications. Proper surgical training and evaluation during the learning phase are crucial to promote safety in the operating room (OR). This scoping review aims to report cataract surgery training efficacy for patient safety and trainee satisfaction in the OR when using virtual reality simulators (EyeSi [Haag-Streit, Heidelberg, Germany] or HelpMeSee [HelpMeSee foundation, Jersey city, New Jersey, United States]) or supervised surgical training on actual patients programs in residents.MethodsAn online article search in the PubMed database was performed to identify studies proposing OR performance assessment after virtual-reality simulation (EyeSi or HelpMeSee) or supervised surgical training on actual patients programs. Outcome assessment was primarily based on patient safety (i.e., intra- and post- operative complications, OR performance, operating time) and secondarily based on trainee satisfaction (i.e., subjective assessment).ResultsWe reviewed 18 articles, involving 1515 participants. There were 13 using the EyeSi simulator, with 10 studies conducted in high-income countries (59%). One study used the HelpMeSee simulator and was conducted in India. The four remaining studies reported supervised surgical training on actual patients, mostly conducted in low- middle- income countries. Training programs greatly differed between studies and the level of certainty was considered low. Only four studies were randomized clinical trials. There were 17 studies (94%) proposing patient safety assessments, mainly through intraoperative complication reports (67%). Significant safety improvements were found in 80% of comparative virtual reality simulation studies. All three supervised surgery studies were observational and reported a high amount of cataract surgeries performed by trainees. However, intraoperative complication rates appeared to be higher than in virtual reality simulation studies. Trainee satisfaction was rarely assessed (17%) and did not correlate with training outcomes.ConclusionsPatient safety assessment in the OR remains a major concern when evaluating the efficacy of a training program. Virtual reality simulation appears to lead to safer outcomes compared to that of supervised surgical training on actual patients alone, which encourages its use prior to performing real cases. However, actual training programs need to be more consistent, while maintaining a balance between financial, cultural, geographical, and accessibility factors.

DETECT CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES TENDING TO MOVE WORK WITH THE NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM

In recent years due to economic conditions and the uncertain situation of a country, many employees with a certain level of education, work experience and different countries in development and the level of income per capita of a country and several other factors cause many employees to move to a new place. the. Because there are many factors that cause employees to move careers and advances in information technology also make it difficult to predict what factors affect decision-making employees to move to work to new places. Therefore, it is necessary to know what factors and conditions or what are the employees so that they have a tendency to move to work so that the company can prevent, anticipate and immediately seek other solutions early if this condition must occur from its employees. Based on the problems described, this study discusses the classification of employees who have a tendency to change workplaces using the Naive Bayes algorithm. The goal is expected to identify the dominant factors in influencing employees to change workplaces. From the results of the research conducted by Naive Bayes, it was found that 3 dominant factors were influencing, namely the STEM area of expertise, the size of the company size and the level of education as well as the accuracy level of 80.79% and AUC 0.816.

Cross-Cultural Translation and Validation of the Thai Version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA-TH).

To culturally adapt the original English Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia to Thai (SARA-TH) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SARA-TH in assessing ataxia in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, as assessed by three healthcare professionals. The SARA underwent translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Thai according to established guidelines. Reliability (e.g., internal consistency, intrarater reliability, interrater reliability) and validity (e.g., content validity, convergent validity) were assessed in a sample of 50 participants with ataxia after acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the SARA-TH and the Barthel Index (BI-TH), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS-TH), and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) to assess convergent validity. Interrater and intrarater reliability among experienced and novice neurologists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists were assessed using weighted kappa. The SARA-TH demonstrated good comprehension and exhibited no significant floor or ceiling effects. It showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α≥0.776). Significant correlations were found between the SARA-TH score and the BI-TH score (rs=-0.743 to -0.665), NIHSS- TH score (rs=0.404-0.513), and ICARS score (rs=0.859-0.917). The intrarater reliability for each rater ranged from 0.724 to 1.000 (p<0.01), and the interrater reliability varied from 0.281 to 0.927 (p<0.01). The SARA-TH has excellent internal consistency, validity, and intrarater reliability, as well as acceptable interrater reliability among health professionals with varying levels of experience. It is recommended for assessing ataxia severity in individuals following acute ischemic stroke or TIA.

2022 초등학교 도덕과 교육과정에서 영역 명 ‘초월’ 삭제와 해당 ‘내용 요소’ 이동에 따라 고려되어야 할 배경 학문의 주요 개념에 대한 고찰

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand and examine the representative concepts of background disciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the re-location of relevant ‘content elements’ in the elementary school moral education curriculum. Methods To this end, this study explored the educational implications following the deletion of the ‘Transcendence’ domain and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. It aimed to understand the concept of metacognition, based on psychology, and scientific reflection. Additionally, it investigated the qualitative perspective that should be integrated with scientific reflection from experiential theory and examined a new dimension of artistic approaches. Furthermore, the study sought to identify the concept of metaphysical transcendence in philosophy, a core background discipline of moral education. Results In the process of deleting the ‘Transcendence’ domain and relocating the relevant ‘content elements’, the concepts of metacognition and scientific reflection, which are key concepts in psychology and experiential theory, were emphasized. This allowed for an understanding of self-knowledge and regulation, as well as scientific think-ing processes. Additionally, by synthesizing qualitative thinking with the concept of scientific reflection from ex-periential theory, it was possible to explore the artistic level of experience emphasized by Dewey. Particularly, as a core background discipline of moral education, the philosophical meaning of transcendence was examined through Plato’s theory of Ideas and allegories, Kant’s transcendental philosophy of practical reason and autonomy, and Hegel’s dialectical movement in speculative philosophy. Conclusions In the elementary school moral education curriculum, there are key concepts from background dis-ciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. Future research on this matter should consider discussing the significance of these underexplored major concepts to ensure a more comprehensive understanding.

An empirical evaluation of a formal approach versus ad hoc implementations in robot behavior planning

As autonomous robotic systems integrate into various domains, ensuring their safe operation becomes increasingly crucial. A key challenge is guaranteeing safe decision making for cyber-physical systems, given the inherent complexity and uncertainty of real-world environments.Tools like Gwendolen, vGOAL, and Tumato enable the use of formal methods to provide guarantees for correct and safe decision making. This paper concerns Tumato, a formal planning framework that generates complete behavior from a declarative specification. Tumato ensures safety by avoiding unsafe actions and states while achieving robustness by considering nondeterministic outcomes of actions. While formal methods claim to manage complexity, provide safety guarantees, and ensure robustness, empirical evaluation is necessary to validate these claims.This work presents an empirical study comparing the characteristics of various ad hoc behavior planning implementations (developed by participants with diverse levels of experience in computer science), with implementations using Tumato. We investigate the usability of the different approaches and evaluate i) their effectiveness, ii) the achieved safety (guarantees), iii) their robustness in handling uncertainties, and iv) their adaptability, extensibility, and scalability. To our knowledge, this is the first participant-based empirical study of a formal approach for (safe and robust) autonomous behavior.Our analysis confirms that while ad hoc methods offer some development flexibility, they lack the rigorous safety guarantees provided by formal methods. The study supports the hypothesis that formal methods, as implemented in Tumato, are effective tools for developing safe autonomous systems, particularly in managing complexity and ensuring robust decision making and planning.

Factors for Consideration by Pediatric Rheumatologists When Scoring the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: First Step Toward an Internal Consensus.

The physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) is a tool used nearly ubiquitously by pediatric rheumatologists for the assessment of patient disease activity status. However, this tool lacks standardization in its scoring. This survey aimed to identify score influencing factors, along with inclusion or exclusion of extra-articular manifestations and imaging, when scoring the PhGA in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Electronic surveys were sent to Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation and Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network members who completed a previous survey on scoring of the PhGA. Respondents were asked to rank their top seven factors for inclusion in the PhGA for nonsystemic JIA (nsJIA) and systemic JIA (sJIA), along with ranking extra-articular manifestations and imaging for inclusion. Frequency and percentage of rank and Likert responses were analyzed, and geographic regions as well as level of experience were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher's test. A total of 276 respondents from 54 countries and six continents participated. For nsJIA, factors selected by >50% included number of swollen joints, active uveitis, duration of morning stiffness, and number of tender joints. For sJIA, factors selected by >50% were presence and duration of fever, laboratory tests, number of swollen joints, serositis, rash, hepatomegaly, lung disease, and lymphadenopathy. Agreement on the inclusion of extra-articular factors, such as uveitis, macrophage activation syndrome, and sJIA-associated lung disease, had >70% moderate or strong agreement for inclusion, whereas psoriasis had only 50.5% agreement for inclusion and imaging had 64.7% agreement for inclusion. Variations in rank between different geographic regions or level of experience were minor. This survey identifies factors that pediatric rheumatology providers find important for PhGA scoring of disease activity, documents varying agreement on inclusion of extra-articular manifestations of disease, and lays the framework for further consensus work.

Preoperative identification from occult leiomyosarcomas in laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopic myomectomy: accuracy of the ultrasound scoring system (PRESS-US).

To assess the diagnostic performance and inter-observer agreement of a PREoperative sarcoma scoring based on ultrasound (PRESS-US) in differentiating uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) from leiomyoma (LM). We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent surgery and received standardized ultrasound examinations due to the presence of uterine myoma-like masses. Histological diagnosis was used as the reference standard. The masses were analyzed using morphological uterus sonographic assessment criteria, and the diagnostic accuracy of PRESS-US was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. Kappa (κ) statistics were used to assess the inter-observer agreement between a less experienced and an expert radiologist. Among the 646 patients, 632 (97.8%) were diagnosed with LM, and 14 (2.2%) had uLMS. The malignancy rates for low-risk and high-risk patients were 0.35% and 13.48%, respectively. The optimal PRESS-US cutoff was 17.5, resulting in an AUC of 89.7% (95% CI, 0.79-1.00), with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 87.8%. The inter-observer agreement between a less experienced and an expert radiologist was excellent (κ = 0.811, P < 0.001). PRESS-US provides effective risk stratification for uLMS for radiologists with different levels of experience, with high reliability. Subgrouping high-risk patients helps in better risk stratification.

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Surgical Scene Recognition: A Comparative Study Amongst Healthcare Professionals.

This study aimed to compare the ability of a deep-learning platform (the MACSSwin-T model) with healthcare professionals in detecting cerebral aneurysms from operative videos. Secondly, we aimed to compare the neurosurgical team's ability to detect cerebral aneurysms with and without AI-assistance. Modern microscopic surgery enables the capture of operative video data on an unforeseen scale. Advances in computer vision, a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), have enabled automated analysis of operative video. These advances are likely to benefit clinicians, healthcare systems, and patients alike, yet such benefits are yet to be realised. In a cross-sectional comparative study, neurosurgeons, anaesthetists, and operating room (OR) nurses, all at varying stages of training and experience, reviewed still frames of aneurysm clipping operations and labelled frames as "aneurysm not in frame" or "aneurysm in frame". Frames then underwent analysis by the AI platform. A second round of data collection was performed whereby the neurosurgical team had AI-assistance. Accuracy of aneurysm detection was calculated for human only, AI only, and AI-assisted human groups. 5,154 individual frame reviews were collated from 338 healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals correctly labelled 70% of frames without AI assistance, compared to 78% with AI-assistance (OR 1.77, P<0.001). Neurosurgical Attendings showed the greatest improvement, from 77% to 92% correct predictions with AI-assistance (OR 4.24, P=0.003). AI-assisted human performance surpassed both human and AI alone. Notably, across healthcare professionals surveyed, frame accuracy improved across all subspecialties and experience levels, particularly among the most experienced healthcare professionals. These results challenge the prevailing notion that AI primarily benefits junior clinicians, highlighting its crucial role throughout the surgical hierarchy as an essential component of modern surgical practice.

Factors Influencing the Skill Level of Primary Healthcare Workers in Managing Paediatric Emergencies

Paediatric emergencies continue to be a significant public health concern in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas where primary healthcare centers (PHCs) often serve as the sole source of medical care. The ability of healthcare workers in these settings to effectively manage paediatric emergencies is crucial for improving child health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the skill level of primary healthcare workers in managing paediatric emergencies in Zaria, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 139 randomly selected healthcare workers in Sabon Gari and Zaria Local Government Areas. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, work experience, and skills in managing paediatric emergencies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The results revealed that healthcare workers in PHCs in Zaria exhibited varying levels of skills in managing paediatric emergencies. Several factors were identified as influencing their skill levels. Healthcare workers with higher academic qualifications demonstrated significantly better skills in managing paediatric emergencies. This suggests that formal education plays a crucial role in developing the necessary competencies. While experience can be a valuable asset, the study did not find a strong association between years of experience and skill levels. This may indicate that experience alone is not sufficient for developing the necessary skills, and additional training and support may be required. Healthcare workers who had received recent training or participated in continuing medical education (CME) programs related to paediatric emergency management tended to have higher skill levels. This highlights the importance of ongoing professional development in maintaining and improving skills. The findings of this study suggest that a combination of factors influences the skill level of primary healthcare workers in managing paediatric emergencies. While academic qualifications are important, ongoing training and access to resources are also essential. It is crucial to address these factors through targeted interventions to improve the skills of healthcare workers and enhance the quality of care provided to children in need. This study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions to improve the skills of primary healthcare workers in managing paediatric emergencies in Zaria, Nigeria. By addressing factors such as academic qualifications, training, resource availability, and work environment, policymakers and healthcare providers can significantly enhance the quality of care provided to children in need.

Global Cancer Nurse's Experiences and Perceptions of Potential Occupational Exposure to Cytotoxic Drugs: Mixed Method Systematic Review With Framework Synthesis.

To conceptualise experiences and perceptions of cancer nurses' potential for occupational exposure when dealing with cytotoxic drugs (CDs). A mixed methods systematic review with framework synthesis. A literature search was conducted in February 2022 in CINAHL PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Nursing, and PsycINFO, and it was reported using the PRISMA guidance. A synthesis of 38 studies revealed new categories of perceived solutions, side effects, and risky behaviour as well as three levels of experience and perception: individual, shared, and cultural, rather than the a priori theory. The review conclude that individuals espouse safe handling and administration of CDs. Synthesis highlights a complex interplay between self-reported perception and the observed experience of potential occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs. The framework synthesis highlights the difference between the perception of espoused practice and the experience of practice. Observation and risk assessment must be used to enhance safe practice. Organisations must take seriously the perception and experience of the adverse effects of administering cytotoxic drugs to support cancer nurses. Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews and framework synthesis indexed studies deductively and inductively. No patient or public contribution. PROSPERO: CRD42022289276.

The RARCrec: A rapid riparian vegetation assessment method for use in river systems undergoing vegetative and geomorphic recovery

SummaryMonitoring the condition of returning vegetation over time is essential for effectively managing riparian vegetation. Rapid riparian assessment methods are standard tools for capturing a suite of variables relevant to river health and are accessible to a range of users with different levels of experience. Monitoring efforts are particularly important for rivers undergoing degrading impacts and subsequent management interventions. In coastal catchments of New South Wales, Australia, vegetation is returning to rivers that were historically cleared for agriculture and are now experiencing geomorphic recovery. We present a rapid riparian assessment method for rivers undergoing vegetative and geomorphic recovery in this region. It addresses a gap in available rapid assessments by providing a methodology that can be used at sites with no historical analogue. Our assessment method adapts and extends a widely used method called the Rapid Assessment of Riparian Condition (RARC) to capture the quality of returning riparian vegetation along recovering rivers (rec), including native species diversity and vegetation structure (hence the name RARCrec). The RARCrec incorporates four sub‐indices – vegetation cover, native species richness, proportion of native to exotic species, and features of vegetation health – to produce an overall vegetation condition score that classifies sites as poor, moderate, or good condition. Scores for each sub‐index are assessed for the vegetation strata (groundcover, graminoids, midstorey, vines, and canopy) on the landform units of river bars, benches, and floodplains. The RARCrec has been designed to be sufficiently general for use in the main Vegetation Formations in coastal New South Wales and has been trialled at 36 sites across this region. Assessments can be conducted within half a day by two technically competent users and can be used to monitor vegetation condition over time to inform where to prioritise implementation of management activities. Field methodology and data sheets, including a scoring system, are provided to support the implementation of the RARCrec.

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy of Fresh Vertebral Compression Fractures with Deep Learning Models.

Retrospective study. The study aimed to develop and authenticated a deep learning model based on X-ray images to accurately diagnose fresh thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. In clinical practice, diagnosing fresh vertebral compression fractures often requires MRI. However, due to the scarcity of MRI resources and the high time and economic costs involved, some patients may not receive timely diagnosis and treatment. Using a deep learning model combined with X-rays for diagnostic assistance could potentially serve as an alternative to MRI. In this study, the main collection included X-ray images suspected of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures from the municipal shared database between December 2012 and February 2024. Deep learning models were constructed using frameworks of EfficientNet, MobileNet, and MnasNet respectively. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the deep learning model using the validation set. The diagnostic performance of the models was evaluated using metrics such as AUC value, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, precision, and ROC curve. Finally, the deep learning models were compared with evaluations from two spine surgeons of different experience levels on the control set. This study included a total of 3025 lateral X-ray images from 2224 patients. The dataset was divided into a training set of 2388 cases, a validation set of 482 cases, and a control set of 155 cases. In the validation set, the three groups of DL models had accuracies of 83.0%, 82.4%, and 82.2%, respectively. The AUC values were 0.861, 0.852, and 0.865, respectively. In the control set, the accuracies of the three groups of DL models were 78.1%, 78.1%, and 80.7%, respectively, all higher than spinal surgeons and significantly higher than junior spine surgeon. This study developed deep learning models for detecting fresh vertebral compression fractures, demonstrating high accuracy.

Adopting dual-tasks in small-sided games training in youth soccer: The influence of experience level on tactical performance

This study assessed the influence of experience level on the cost of tactical performance due to a secondary task in soccer players during Small-Sided Games (SSG). The study involved 36 less experienced soccer athletes (under-13 category) and 36 more experienced athletes (under-17 category), totaling 72 male players from two soccer teams. Participants performed, in a randomized and balanced order, four experimental conditions composed of the following protocols: (1) Single-Task (ST) the 3 vs. 3 SSG, (2) Motor Dual-Task (MDT): SSG while balancing a basketball with a small cone, (3) Cognitive Dual-Task 1 (CDT1): SSG while performing mathematical operations, (4) Cognitive Dual-Task 2 (CDT2): SSG while counting opponent's passes. The SSGs were filmed for players’ tactical assessment using the Football Tactical Assessment System. The task cost was analyzed using two-way mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The comparison between categories indicated that the under-17 category showed a lower cost in the tactical principles of penetration (p = 0.007) and concentration (p = 0.025). In comparison, the under-13 category showed a lower cost in the tactical principles of width and length without the ball (p = 0.007), delay (p = 0.001), and defensive balance (p = 0.025). In comparing protocols, MDT showed a higher cost in the tactical principle of width and length without the ball (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between CDT1 and CDT2 protocols (p &gt; 0.05). The results suggest that experience level reduces the cost of the secondary task involving actions in progression with the ball, and the MDT, CDT1, and CDT2 protocols appear to generate similar costs to performance.

Are labor epidural catheters after a combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique more reliable than after a traditional epidural? A retrospective review of 9153 labor epidural catheters.

The combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique may associate with a lower failure rate of epidural catheters compared to traditional epidural catheters. This may be significant for the parturients as failure of neuraxial analgesia has been associated with a negative impact on birth experience. In this one-year retrospective study, the failure rate of epidural catheters was compared between 3201 and 5952 epidural catheters after initiation of neuraxial analgesia by the CSE or traditional epidural technique, respectively. Parturient background information, labor parameters, and neuraxial interventions were collected from 9153 parturients. Failure was defined as replacement of a used epidural catheter by new regional analgesia procedures or general anesthesia during intrapartum cesarean delivery. The primary outcome was the failure rate of epidural catheters. The secondary outcome was the time from the initial analgesia intervention to the epidural catheter replacement and progression of labor during this time. The CSE method was used at an earlier stage of labor, and the parturients were more often primiparous and undergoing induced labor. Earlier onset of analgesia, obesity, induced labor, anesthesiologist experience, and cesarean delivery were found to be significant cofactors for catheter failure. The unadjusted failure rate was 168/3201 (5.2%) and 223/5952 (3.7%) (OR 1.42 [1.16-1.75]) after initiation of analgesia by CSE or traditional epidural method. After controlling for the stage of labor, body mass index, induction of labor, and anesthesiologist's experience level, the adjusted OR for epidural catheter replacement was 1.04 (0.83-1.29) p = .736. The mean (SD) time until epidural catheter failure was 6.3 (4.4) and 4.0 (4.1) hours following initiation of analgesia by CSE or traditional epidural technique, respectively (p < .001). Cervical dilatation progressed from 4.3 (1.4) to 6.4 (2.1) cm and 5.1 (1.5) to 6.7 (1.7) cm between primary neuraxial analgesia and epidural catheter replacement. CSE technique was not associated with a better survival rate of epidural catheters for provision of analgesia or epidural top-up anesthesia for intrapartum CD. In addition, the time to replacement of the catheter was significantly longer when analgesia was initiated with the CSE technique. Maternal satisfaction scores were lower if catheters required replacement.