Interpersonal Communication Research Articles

The Impact of Stress on Women’s Sexuality in the First Months After Childbirth—A Pilot Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Background: The postpartum period can carry strong stress related to the sudden changes in a woman’s life, which may contribute to changes in the female sexual sphere. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of stress on women’s sexuality in the early motherhood period. Methods: A total of 111 women were studied, including 65 in the puerperal period and 46 women who constituted the control group. We used the author’s questionnaire and five standardized psychological questionnaires (CISS-21,STAI, PSS-10, SSS-W, and the Mell–Krat Scale for women). Results: Perceived stress (PSS-10 scores) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (SSS-W scores) was significantly higher both regarding the summary scores (p < 0.001) and in all subscales (contentment, communication, and compatibility). In the study group, the intensity of stress was negatively correlated with the level of sexual satisfaction (p = 0.014). Women with an emotional way of coping with stress (CISS-21 inventory) in both groups achieved higher scores of sexual satisfaction in terms of communication, but a lower level in terms of interpersonal contact (p = 0.007), but higher stress intensity scores in the PSS-10 scale and in both STAI questionnaire stems. Conclusions: The early period of motherhood does not increase stress levels or decrease sexual satisfaction. It is likely that the sense of stability promotes a reduction in stress levels, which contributes to better sexual satisfaction.

Initiating agri‐environmental collaboration at landscape scale requires bridging structures, regional facilitators and addressing the expectations of actors

Abstract To increase the effectiveness of agri‐environmental schemes, innovative approaches that focus on the landscape scale beyond individual fields and farms are widely discussed and tested. Central to these approaches is collaboration between several farmers and other actors in agricultural landscapes. The effectiveness of collaborative agri‐environmental initiatives is strongly related to the motivation of actors. Administrative and social issues might hamper actor decisions to join an initiative. Based on our experience in implementing a participatory landscape‐scale project in Germany, we raise the question in which ways actors can be motivated and empowered to participate in such initiatives and how collaborative approaches can stimulate and maintain the exchange of participants. We find that establishing bridging structures (for an equal exchange of ideas and experiences), identifying and involving regional facilitators (to promote the participation of farmers and other actors) and addressing the expectations of actors (e.g. regarding administrative burden) can jointly support the establishment of collaborative initiatives in agriculture. This is particularly relevant when local actors have little experience with joint measure implementation and institutional framework conditions for collaborative governance are limited or not provided. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Efektifitas Penerapan Program Supervisi Klinis terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Asuhan Keperawatan dan Kinerja Perawat

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing a clinical supervision program to improve the quality of nursing care and nurse performance using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. Clinical supervision programs are considered as one intervention that has the potential to improve the quality of health services, especially in the nursing context. In this research, various relevant articles and research related to the application of clinical supervision in various hospital settings and health facilities were analyzed to identify their impact on increasing nurse competency and the quality of care provided to patients. Based on the results of the analysis of 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that the implementation of structured clinical supervision can improve nurses' technical skills, interpersonal communication and patient satisfaction, which in turn improves the quality of nursing care. Apart from that, clinical supervision has also been proven to contribute to increasing nurses' motivation and performance in carrying out their professional duties. The results of this research suggest that clinical supervision programs should be integrated more intensively in the professional development of nurses, with an emphasis on practical learning aspects and ongoing emotional support.

Assessment of risks of post-traumatic stress disorder among Ukrainian military personnel as a component of public health preservation

The paper is focused on exploring the potential impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among combatants on the national public health system. It utilizes scientific statistical data on the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among military personnel who have participated in armed conflicts worldwide over the past 50 years. For a deeper analysis of PTSD's potential influence on Ukraine's public health system, the research examines scientific data on major somatic and mental health disorders triggered by PTSD among military personnel. The study highlights the association between PTSD in combatants and the development of comorbid conditions such as depression, substance dependency, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. PTSD is identified as a key risk factor that should be accounted for when planning medical and preventive measures for Ukraine's Defense Forces. The article also analyzes global trends in the declining quality of life among military personnel due to reduced material and functional capabilities. It provides data on the direct and indirect costs of treatment and rehabilitation for PTSD and its associated comorbidities. Furthermore, the article discusses PTSD's impact on self-actualization abilities, such as education, employment, job retention, and interpersonal communication. These effects, resulting from PTSD's disruption of various aspects of life, inevitably lead to negative consequences and a sharp decline in the quality of life for affected individuals.

Perspectives of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for functional dyspepsia: qualitative interviews using thematic analysis

Objective Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown efficacy in improving mental health and symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD), a prevalent disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). However, FD-specific CBT is not widely available or scalable. Therefore, this study explored the perspectives of patients with FD and clinicians who treat them on the use of digital CBT-based interventions. Methods and measures This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 21 patients with FD and 10 clinicians. Iterative, inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Results Three patient themes were developed: (1) their experiences contributing to coping difficulties, emphasising the complexity of self-management; (2) a desire for more personalised options, highlighting the need for accessible, FD-tailored CBT; and (3) concerns regarding human contact, safety, usability, and data security. Four clinician themes were also developed: (1) digital CBT bridges a gap in psychological support within gastroenterology; (2) perceived clinical utility of CBT; (3) digital CBT allows patient self-management; and (4) clinical concerns, including symptom tracking and patient safety. Conclusion Both patients and clinicians recognised the value and utility of digital CBT for FD. Tailored, digital CBT could inform and improve current management, making FD-specific psychological support more accessible.

Intubation amidst COVID-19: how mask protocols and communication impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission among medical staff

Objective: To describe the sequence of (Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) infection following endotracheal intubation in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Design: A retrospective case series study. This analysis focuses on cases involving hospital medical staff who contracted SARS-CoV-2 after performing endotracheal intubation on a COVID-19 patient on August 2, 2021, at Hoan My Thu Duc Hospital, a private hospital treating COVID-19 patients in Vietnam. The participants were 13 medical staff members involved in aerosol-generating procedures. Results: The infection spread to eight healthcare workers directly involved in emergency intubation. Five were suspected of contracting SARS-CoV-2 immediately following the emergency treatment of COVID-19 patients, and three were infected via transmission from their colleagues. The improper fit of N95 masks and failure to wear them during interpersonal communication were identified as significant risk factors. Conclusions: The research underscores the critical need for proper N95 mask fit during aerosol-generating procedures. Healthcare professionals treating COVID-19 patients must consistently use masks when communicating with colleagues, even outside of work hours, to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among medical staff.

Analisis Komunikasi Interpersonal Orang Tua dan Remaja Tunarungu Korban Bullying dalam Film Dear Frankie

Cases of bullying or what is known as bullying are a problem that never ends in society, especially among children and teenagers. This bullying behavior is carried out by stronger individuals against weaker individuals with the aim of hurting and intimidating. So children with special needs who have physical and mental limitations are often the victims of bullying. Problems that often occur in society require strong support from within or from the family to face external problems or the victim's environment. Therefore, interpersonal communication between parents is very important for children with special needs who are victims of bullying. This is presented in the film Dear Frankie, where there is interpersonal communication between Frankie's parents and Frankie, the child who is deaf. Where Frankie can act mature, independent and confident in facing his friend who is a bully.

Innovative Competency Development of Vocational Teachers Through Professional Learning Community: A Participatory Action Research

This research aimed to 1) study the components and indicators of innovative competency of vocational teachers, 2) study the current status, desired status and needs in developing innovative competency of vocational teachers, 3) develop innovative competency of vocational teachers through professional learning communities, and 4) evaluate the outcomes of innovative competency development of vocational teachers. The research was divided into 4 phases: Phase 1 studied the components and indicators of innovative competency of vocational teachers. The informants were 9 qualified persons who were selected by purposive selection. Phase 2 studied the current status, desired status and needs in developing innovative competency of vocational teachers. The sample group was 234 administrators and teachers from government vocational education institutions in Roi Et Province, selected by stratified random sampling. Phase 3 developed innovative competency of vocational teachers through professional learning communities. The target group was 9 teachers who volunteered to participate in the development. Phase 4 evaluated the outcomes of developing innovative competency of vocational teachers. The informants were 9 teachers who volunteered to participate in the development. The research instruments were interview forms, observation forms, assessment forms, and questionnaires, with a reliability of 0.937 for the entire questionnaire. Data were analyzed using basic statistics, the priority need index, and inductive analysis. The research results found that: There were 4 components and 14 indicators of innovation competence in vocational education teachers, consisting of: 1) Creativity, with 4 indicators; 2) Application of knowledge to develop innovation, with 3 indicators; 3) Creative confidence, with 3 indicators; and 4) Teamwork, with 4 indicators. The current state of innovation competence in vocational education teachers is at a high level, and the overall desired state is at the highest level. The needs for innovation competence development in vocational education teachers are ranked as follows: 1) Application of knowledge to develop innovation; 2) Creative thinking; and 3) Creative confidence and teamwork, which have the same need index for development. The results of the development of innovative competence of vocational teachers with professional learning communities in 4 components, 14 empirical goals in the first round of research, 9 items were successfully developed, 5 items were not successfully developed, namely 1) teachers think outside the box to create works, 2) teachers have new ideas that are useful, 3) teachers design innovations, 4) teachers have skills in testing innovations, and 5) teachers can communicate effectively. When developing again in the second round of research, all empirical goals were successfully developed. 4. The results of the development of innovative competence of vocational teachers through professional learning communities found that there was a change resulting from learning by doing at the individual, group, and organizational levels. At the individual level, there was learning from following the research steps, there was an exchange of knowledge and experiences about creating inventions and innovations continuously. At the group level, there was a culture of systematic collaboration and a strong network of innovative teachers within the educational institution. At the organizational level, executives, teachers, and personnel had an effective knowledge management approach for developing innovative competence of teachers, an organizational culture that emphasized learning by doing, and the overall product innovation evaluation results were at a very good level

Targeted Comparative Research Efforts A New Value for International Conferences

This paper discusses how the added value of international conferences on concrete roads could be improved. During international conferences on concrete pavements, a lot of interesting innovative techniques are shared with colleagues from all over the world. However, the author is of the opinion that too little innovative conference material is used to actually induce changes in the familiar practice at home, once the participants have returned to their normal professional occupation. In recent years, the exchange of innovative practices and experience has also gained increasing attention from the perspective and concern of implementing concrete pavements in a sustainable manner. In addition to the above observation, it strikes the author that, for certain issues, variations seem to persist, one right next to the other, even within the same country (e.g., the different end treatment techniques end details used for CRCP). The intent of this paper is to look in detail at the reasons of the above state of affairs and to present ideas as to how this situation can be improved and as to how the effectiveness of exchange of alternative techniques and practices could be increased. The paper also makes specific suggestions to improve the comparability and interchangeability of alternative techniques. It is hoped that the paper will instigate a fruitful international discussion, also with regard to sustainability-related considerations on concrete pavements.

Psychometric Properties of the Polish Social Empathy Questionnaire: Reliability, Validity, and Gender and Age Equivalence

Introduction: Empathy is a dynamic developmental process, requiring flexible behaviour of the empathiser in the social context. Therefore, it is crucial to know and understand the social function of empathy and its dynamic nature in interpersonal relationships. Research Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Social Empathy Questionnaire. Method: This instrument measures empathy levels in interpersonal relationships among adults. It is based on four dimensions of empathy, i.e. taking the perspective of others, emotional sensitivity and concern for others, interpersonal flexibility and openness to compromise, and altruism – deferring decisions for the benefit of others. It assesses levels of empathy in a social context, especially in situations of conflict. Two studies were conducted with 1,149 adults aged 18 to 74 years. Results: Study 1 confirmed the four-factor structure of the tool and assessed the reliability of the empathy dimensions. It also evaluated the measurement equivalence of the models for female and male gender and for age. Study 2 aimed to assess the convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the 33-item Polish version of the Social Empathy Questionnaire has good psychometric properties. It can be used in research and as a diagnostic tool to help diagnose people with difficulties in establishing social relationships or at risk of social maladjustment. It may also be useful in business, especially in the recruitment of employees for positions that require effective interpersonal communication that impacts work efficiency.

Proposal for the Implementation of a Life-Coaching Model in Albania, Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)Targets 3 and 4: Investigating the Relationship Between Educational Coaching and Life-Skills Acquisition in Schools

Introduction: This study investigates the effect of a coaching program on the development of life skills in higher education students in Albania. It seeks to explore the broader question of whether this program can aid in meeting SDGs Targets 3 and 4, which aim to significantly lower the number of youths who are not engaged in employment, education, or training. Method: The method of the current research is quasi-experimental. The research sample comprises 300 students, 41% females and 59% males. The mean age of the sample is equal to Mage = 15.18 years. The two phases of the study were evaluated at Time 1 (beginning of the school year) and Time 2 (end of the school year) a coached group and a non-coached group of students. Results: The t-test results revealed that the coaching program positively impacted life abilities in both groups after 6 months. Interpersonal communication (t1 = 2.4; t2 = 3.00; p<0.001), expression of positive emotions (t1 = 2.341; t2 = 2.000; p<0.001), positive thinking (t1 = 1.98; t2 = 1.00; p<0.001), and optimism (t1 = 2.39; t2 = 2.000; p<0.001) were found to be among the most influential competencies. Boys showed better problem-solving skills in dealing with personal issues (sr2=0.049) after the 6-month program. The significant role of adolescents' self-efficacy in these skills is confirmed through their ability to think positively about themselves and their lives. Conclusion: The proposed model of life-skills coaching curricula in high schools confirms the validity of the approach that considers SDGs Targets 3 and 8 as essential abilities. Authors recommend a design of a SDGs Targets 3 and 8 agenda as acquirement curriculum in schools to ensure the positive development and adaptation of young individuals.

Examining the Effect of Social Media Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Communication and Risk Perception

The emergence of COVID-19, originating from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, presented a global health crisis that had profound repercussions on societies worldwide. In response, the scientific community mobilized to swiftly develop effective vaccines in an unprecedented manner. Governments around the world launched extensive vaccination campaigns with the goal of attaining widespread immunity and ultimately bringing an end to the pandemic. The success of these endeavors to combat COVID-19 was partially contingent upon individuals’ willingness to receive vaccinations. Thus, understanding the factors influencing people's vaccine intentions becomes crucial for future similar pandemic scenarios. The Indian government implemented numerous strategic social media campaigns to enhance acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among its populace. These campaigns, executed with careful planning, harnessed various online platforms to communicate accurate information, address concerns, and underscore the vaccine’s significance in containing the virus’s spread. This study delves into the impact of social media communication on COVID-19 vaccine intentions, considering the mediating roles of interpersonal communication and risk perception. Data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 391 participants were subjected to structural equation modeling for analysis. The results indicated that social media communication directly and indirectly influenced vaccine attitudes, mediated by risk perception and interpersonal communication. Consequently, attitudes toward the vaccine significantly affected intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.

Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients: The role of fondaparinux and succinates in improving outcomes (exchange of experience)

Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients: The role of fondaparinux and succinates in improving outcomes (exchange of experience)

Social function scores and influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms.

At present, the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still unclear. Residual depressive symptoms are highly harmful, leading to low mood in patients, affecting work and interpersonal communication, increasing the risk of recurrence, and adding to the burden on families. Studying the influencing factors of their social function is of great significance. To explore the social function score and its influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms. This observational study surveyed patients with residual depressive symptoms (case group) and healthy patients undergoing physical examinations (control group). Participants were admitted between January 2022 and December 2023. Social functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and scores were compared between groups. Factors influencing SDS scores in patients with residual depressive symptoms were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression while using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and these factors' predictive efficacy on social function impairment was assessed. The SDS scores of the 158 patients with depressive symptoms were 11.48 ± 3.26. Compared with the control group, the SDS scores and all items in the case group were higher. SDS scores were higher in patients with relapse, discontinuous medication, drug therapy alone, severe somatic symptoms, obvious residual symptoms, and anxiety scores ≥ 8. Disease history, medication compliance, therapy method, and residual symptoms correlated positively with SDS scores (r = 0.354, 0.414, 0.602, and 0.456, respectively). Independent influencing factors included disease history, medication compliance, therapy method, somatic symptoms, residual symptoms, and anxiety scores (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve for predicting social functional impairment using these factors were 0.713, 0.559, 0.684, 0.729, 0.668, and 0.628, respectively, with sensitivities of 79.2%, 61.8%, 76.8%, 81.7%, 63.6%, and 65.5% and specificities of 83.3%, 87.5%, 82.6%, 83.3%, 86.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. The social function scores of patients with residual symptoms of depression are high. They are affected by disease history, medication compliance, therapy method, degree of somatic symptoms, residual symptoms, and anxiety.

Optimizing Teacher Engagement: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction Using Path and SITOREM Analysis

Abstract: Teacher engagement represents a teacher's alignment with their organization, characterized by physical, emotional, and rational commitment, fostering satisfaction and dedication to their profession. This study investigates strategies to enhance teacher engagement by analyzing the influence of self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. Employing a quantitative approach, the research uses path analysis to explore variable relationships and the SITOREM method to prioritize indicators for targeted interventions. Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 permanent teachers from PGRI vocational high schools in Bogor Regency, selected using the Slovin formula. The findings demonstrate that self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, and organizational culture significantly impact teacher engagement, both directly and indirectly, through job satisfaction. Organizational culture emerged as the most influential factor, highlighting the critical role of fostering a supportive, adaptive, and value-oriented work environment. SITOREM analysis identified actionable priorities, including enhancing teacher self-efficacy through vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion and strengthening organizational culture by promoting innovation and inclusivity. This study advances educational management by providing evidence-based recommendations for fostering teacher engagement. It underscores the necessity of integrating strategies that enhance individual capabilities and organizational dynamics to cultivate a motivated and committed teaching workforce. However, as the research is confined to vocational school teachers in one region, further studies are needed to validate and generalize these findings across diverse educational settings.Keywords: teacher engagement, self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, organizational culture, job satisfaction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61436/bsscd/v3i1.pp19-33

Optimizing Teacher Engagement: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction Using Path and SITOREM Analysis

Abstract: Teacher engagement represents a teacher's alignment with their organization, characterized by physical, emotional, and rational commitment, fostering satisfaction and dedication to their profession. This study investigates strategies to enhance teacher engagement by analyzing the influence of self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. Employing a quantitative approach, the research uses path analysis to explore variable relationships and the SITOREM method to prioritize indicators for targeted interventions. Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 permanent teachers from PGRI vocational high schools in Bogor Regency, selected using the Slovin formula. The findings demonstrate that self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, and organizational culture significantly impact teacher engagement, both directly and indirectly, through job satisfaction. Organizational culture emerged as the most influential factor, highlighting the critical role of fostering a supportive, adaptive, and value-oriented work environment. SITOREM analysis identified actionable priorities, including enhancing teacher self-efficacy through vicarious experiences and verbal persuasion and strengthening organizational culture by promoting innovation and inclusivity. This study advances educational management by providing evidence-based recommendations for fostering teacher engagement. It underscores the necessity of integrating strategies that enhance individual capabilities and organizational dynamics to cultivate a motivated and committed teaching workforce. However, as the research is confined to vocational school teachers in one region, further studies are needed to validate and generalize these findings across diverse educational settings. Keywords: teacher engagement, self-efficacy, interpersonal communication, organizational culture, job satisfaction.

TikTok and Online Dating: A Social Media Analysis of Emerging Patterns

ABSTRACTInternet dating is becoming a more common practice in modern societies and social media plays an important role in shaping social interactions and cultural discourse. In this study, TikTok data will be analyzed to explore the online dating potential of TikTok users in Turkey. The study highlights the importance of understanding communication strategies on social media, especially in the context of dating and relationships. Using a structured methodology, it was aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of how TikTok is used in the context of dating in Turkey, investigating both content creation patterns and audience participation in these topics. The findings show that dating and interpersonal relationships on TikTok are not just personal; they are deeply connected to cultural norms, societal expectations, and digital communication trends. The study provides valuable information for the development of communication strategies on social media, especially focusing on dating and interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to further investigate the relationship between social media and interpersonal communication, especially in the context of evolving digital environments.

“Bakas Lewu”: Political Broker in the Manduing Taheta Village Election, Central Kalimantan

Bakas Lewu is a group of elders in the Dayak Ngaju language of Central Kalimantan. Previous studies have been more oriented towards mapping brokers in mobilizing material resources to influence voters. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of Bakas Lewu as political brokers, especially how they work, involving culture and social power, which has been discussed to a limited extent. This study was conducted qualitatively and the main data source came from interviews with key informants who knew about the village head election (Pilkades) cases in Manduing Taheta, then analyzed in depth and interactively. This study shows that Bakas Lewu as political brokers play an important role in mobilizing political support based on social relations, kinship, and local Dayak culture by relying on interpersonal communication, narrative control, and social networks to build community trust and loyalty. This phenomenon emphasizes that political power in the village is more influenced by personal and social relationships than material transactions. This study challenges the dominant approach that sees political brokers in Indonesia as transactional actors, by highlighting the importance of local social and cultural dynamics. These findings indicate the diversity of political brokerage practices and suggest more research on how social relations, such as kinship and loyalty, play a role in mobilizing political support, opening up new perspectives in the study of local politics in Indonesia.

Illuminating Gaslighting: A Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Review of Gaslighting Literature

Abstract Purpose With the rise of coercive control legislation in Australia and the UK, it has become increasingly important to clarify the discourse surrounding common psychological abuse tactics, such as gaslighting. This literature review seeks to aid future research in conceptualising gaslighting by exploring its complex nature and tracing its evolution across different fields. The primary aim is to compile and synthesize research from various disciplines, enhancing cross-field communication and providing a clearer understanding of the term’s origins and potential future applications. Method This literature review synthesizes existing research on gaslighting by examining its evolution and operationalization across multiple fields, including medicine, psychiatry, psychodynamics, psychology and individual differences, sociology, and philosophy. Results The review reveals significant inconsistencies in the operationalization of gaslighting across various fields, such framing gaslighting as a type of family abuse used for personal or material gain, a form of interpersonal communication between couples, and an expression of structural power. It underscores the need for a stronger theoretical basis in empirical research on gaslighting and recommends moving away from the current focus on individual differences prevalent in empirical studies. Conclusion By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing research, this review shines a light on the shifting conceptualization of gaslighting. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary communication and the need for a more robust theoretical framework to improve empirical studies. This unified understanding is crucial for developing more effective legal and psychological interventions to address gaslighting and other forms of psychological abuse.

Bridging the gap: user expectations for conversational AI services with consideration of user expertise

PurposePast research has emphasised the potential for conversational artificial intelligence (AI) to disrupt services. Conversely, the literature recognises customer expectations as fundamental to service quality and customer satisfaction. However, the understanding of users’ expectations for conversational AI services is currently limited. Building upon previous research that has underscored the importance of users’ expertise, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the expectations of users with varying levels of expertise.Design/methodology/approachForty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted, on three populations: experts, quasi-experts and non-experts from various countries including Japan, France and the USA. This includes 10 experts and 11 quasi-experts, as in professionals in conversational AI and related domains. And 25 non-experts, as in individuals without professional or advanced academic training in AI.FindingsFindings suggest that users’ expectations depend on their expertise, how much they value human contact and why they are using these services. For instance, the higher the expertise the less anthropomorphism was stated to matter compared to technical characteristics, which could be due to a disenchantment effect. Other results include expectations shared by all users such as a need for more ethics including public interest.Originality/valueThe study provides insights into a key yet relatively unexplored area: it defines three major expectations categories (anthropomorphic, technical and ethical) and the associated expectations of each user groups based on expertise. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it also highlights expectations never detected before as such in the literature such as explainability.