Expenditure In Health Sector Research Articles

An Overview of Public Expenditure on Health Sector in Tamil Nadu

The state governments spend money on both economic and social services for the community. Education, public health, worker welfare programs, aid and rehabilitation for displaced people, and similar services are examples of social services. The community benefits from these services, and the better and happier the people are, the more advanced these services are. Tamil Nadu is welfare state which understands its responsibility to provide a minimum standard of living to all the citizens. Tamil Nadu is socially and economically a well performing state in the country. From the time of independence, the state has been dedicated in the provision of quality in the health sector. Almost all the political parties who ruled the state known for their rationality. The study period includes six five-year plans from 1991-2017. The health sector expenditure has been on increasing trend during the study period. It shows how far the government was interested towards providing health benefits to its masses. During every five-year plan period Tamil Nadu Government has introduced number of schemes and policy measures towards the health sector. The main focus of the study is an overview about the public expenditure on health from different five-year plan period from 8th five-year to 12th five-year plan. In Tamil Nadu, approved spending was almost always less than actual spending incurred during all plan periods. It concludes that over the period of the plan periods, the total amount spent by the federal and state governments on the health sector has increased steadily.

Effect of Government Expenditure in Education Sector and Health Sector on Human Development Index and Poverty in Samarinda City

The purpose of this research is to analyz eeffect of government expenditure in education sector and health sector on human development index and poverty in Samarinda City. The research method used is a quantitative method. Data collection is carried out using library research methods. The analytical tool that will be used in this research is path analysis. The results of the study show that government expenditure in education sector has a positive and insignificant effect on human development index in Samarinda City. Government expenditure in health sector has a positive and significant effect on human development index in Samarinda City.Government spending in education sector has a negative and significant effect on poverty in Samarinda City. Government expenditure in health sector has a negative and insignificant effect on poverty in Samarinda City. Human development index has a positive and insignificant effect on poverty in Samarinda City. Through mediating or intervening variable, namely human development index, it shows that government expenditure in education sector has a positive and insignificant effect on poverty in Samarinda City. Through mediating or intervening variable, namely human development index, it shows that government expenditure in health sector has a positive and insignificant effect on poverty in Samarinda City. Keywords: Education, Health, Human Development Index, Poverty

Charting the Course for Sustainable Aging: Socio-Environmental and Economic Impacts on Djiboutian Elderly Population

Abstract The aging population has become a crucial demographic trend worldwide, as it poses both economic and sustainable challenges to governments and societies. And, ostensibly, this unprecedented increase in the senior demographic is currently unfolding in East African nations, primarily, due to substantial advancements in the healthcare system and the commendable support and promotion of education within the region. In this context, the current article examines the relationship between the aging population, ecological footprint, consumption of renewable energy, governmental healthcare expenditures, trade, and urbanization within the context of the Republic of Djibouti. To investigate the data and explore the dynamics and interactions among variables, a comprehensive approach was employed, which involved utilizing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, a Granger causality test, and both an impulse response function (IRF) and variance decomposition (VD) analyses. According to the ARDL findings, urbanization has a positive relationship with an aging population. In contrast, the health sector expenditures demonstrated a negative association with the elderly population in Djibouti. This indicates an alarming scenario where government spending on elderly care fails to effectively meet the specific needs of seniors due to insufficient funding, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and inadequate program implementation. Consequently, this leads to a significant gap in coverage for a large portion of the elderly population. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the well-being of the elderly population in Djibouti sees only a slight improvement influenced by the trade performance variable. Nonetheless, this positive impact is somewhat hindered by the lack of sufficient financial inclusion measures that should have ideally been driven by trade-related activities. Moreover, the study’s IRF and VR highlight a positive shock between the consumption of renewable energy and the well-being of the elderly population. Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance to recognize the detrimental impact of the ecological footprint, which significantly undermines the overall well-being of the aging population. Therefore, policymakers must carefully weigh and benefit the simultaneous effect of the advantages of renewable energy consumption on the environment, and on the well-being of the elderly population. It is also essential to emphasize the need to devise more inclusive policies that can comprehensively address this issue and improve the welfare of the elderly demographic.

Atrial fibrillation - environmental and socio-economic determinants at regional level. Case of Poland

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. The study aimed to assess the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation (AF). The rate of AF hospitalizations in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. The risk of hospitalization in patients with AF is related not only to lifestyle, but also to environmental, economic, social factors and the organization of the health care system. Using National Institute of Public Health, Central Statistical Office and Voivodeship Inspectorates for Environmental Protection in Poland data and panel data techniques (including spatial ones) the impact of environmental and socioeconomic factors on AF in Poland has been estimated. The age- and sex-standardized data on the prevalence of hospitalization due to AF in Poland in 2012-2019 on poviats level were explained using set of air quality indicators (namely PM2.5), environmental factors, organization of the health care system and regional determinants of the socioeconomic situation. An increase in the number of physicians by 1/1000 of the population and healthcare expenditure by PLN 100 per capita resulted in a decrease of 2% (-0.002 [-0.003;-0.001]; P=0.002) and 5%(-0.005 [-0.008;-0.002]; P<0.001) in the number of hospitalisations due to AF in the group under 64 years. A 1 pp increase in the proportion of green areas resulted in a 4% decrease in hospitalisations. In contrast, an increase in GDP per capita by 1 th PLN and a decrease in the proportion of people working in agriculture by 1 pp were associated with a 1%( -0.010; [-0.013;-0.007]; P<0.001) and 0.2% decrease in hospitalisations, respectively. There is geographical variation in the prevalence of AF and socioeconomic factors are an important determinant of this condition. In the working-age group, improvements in the economic situation are likely to have positive health effects, in contrast to those in the post-working age group, where increases in health sector expenditure have the greatest effect.

Analysis of The Effect of education, Health Expenditures and Per Capita Income To Human Development Index In Central Sulawesi Province For The Period 2015-2019

The Human Development Index (HDI) is part of the development goals, high HDI is not easy to achieve, it takes the seriousness of the government to allocate budgets in the education sector and health expenditures. Per capita income is also part of increasing HDI. Central Sulawesi's HDI continues to increase from 2015-2019, the distribution of the education, health, and per capita income sectors also continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of expenditure in the education, health, and per capita income sectors on HDI in Central Sulawesi. The analysis tool used with panel data regression, the results of the study showed: Education sector expenditure had a negative but insignificant effect on the HDI of Central Sulawesi for the 2015-2019 period, while health sector expenditure had a positive and significant effect on HDI and per capita income had a negative and insignificant effect on the HDI of Central Sulawesi for the 2015-2019 period

The compassionate communities connectors program: effect on healthcare usage.

Public health approaches to palliative and end-of-life care focus on enhancing the integration of services and providing a comprehensive approach that engages the assets of local communities. However, few studies have evaluated the relative costs and benefits of providing care using these service models. To assess the effect on healthcare usage of a community-based palliative care program ('Compassionate Communities Connectors') where practical and social support was delivered by community volunteers to people living with advanced life-limiting illnesses in regional Western Australia. Controlled before-and-after study/Cost-consequence analysis. A total of 43 community-based patients participated in the program during the period 2020-2022. A comparator population of 172 individuals with advanced life-limiting illnesses was randomly selected from usage data from the same set of health services. Relative to controls, the intervention group had lower hospitalizations per month [Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.77, p = 0.007], less hospital days per month (IRR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.11-0.49, p < 0.001) and less emergency presentations (IRR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.94, p = 0.028. The frequency of outpatient contacts overall was two times higher for the intervention group (IRR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.11-3.86, p = 0.022), indicating the Connector program may have shifted individuals away from the hospital system and toward community-based care. Estimated net savings of $AUD 518,701 would be achieved from adopting the Connector program, assuming enrollment of 100 patients over an average 6-month participation period. This combined healthcare usage and economic analysis of the 'Compassionate Communities Connectors' program demonstrates the benefits of optimizing palliative care services using home-based and community-centered interventions, with gains for the health system through improved patient outcomes and reduced total healthcare costs (including fewer hospitalizations and readmissions). These findings, coupled with the other published results, suggest that investment in the Connectors program has the capacity to reduce net health sector expenditure while also improving outcomes for people with life-limiting illnesses. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12620000326998.

Government Expenditure and Economic Growth of Nepal

This paper investigates the effects of public spending on Nepalese GDP growth from the fiscal year 1990/91 to 2019/20. This study has applied Stationary Test along with ordinary least square method to investigate the role of explanatory variables on GDP growth of Nepal. Agriculture, education, health and transportation and communication are all included in government spending. All explanatory variables have made favorable effect on Nepal's GDP growth. The multivariate regression analysis confirms that community expenditure in health sector as well as education sector leads to uplift the human capital which have ultimately positive influence on theeconomic growth of the country.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON MANAGEMENT SKILLS: ADIYAMAN HEALTH SECTOR EXAMPLE

In this study, general financial literacy levels of managers working in the health sector, lower, middle and upper management levels in Adıyaman province and its districts were determined. The relationship between the determined general financial literacy level and management skills, and the effect of financial literacy on management skills have been revealed. In addition, it was also discussed whether the general financial literacy and management skills levels of managers differ in terms of their personal, generational, educational and managerial characteristics. In addition, another distinguishing feature of this work is that it is three-dimensional: First; measuring general financial literacy and management skills, second; measuring the effect of general financial literacy level on management skills and the third dimension is making these measurements in an area where very valuable resources are transferred, such as the health sector.

Pengaruh Belanja Daerah Sektor Kesehatan dan Belanja Daerah Sektor Pendidikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

The objectives of this research are (1) To find out whether Health Sector Expenditures and Education Sector Expenditures are Persistently Influential on Human Development Index in South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2019; (2) To find out whether Health Sector Expenditure and Education Sector Expenditure Simultaneously Influence Human Development Index in South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2019; (3) To find out what variables are dominantly affecting Human Development Index in South Kalimantan Province 2010-2019. This research is expected to understand local governments, private groups, and community agencies' interest in economic development in South Kalimantan Province. This research method uses data collection methods by obtaining data from central statistical agencies and related agencies. After that, regression analysis is performed to see the influence of the independent variables on the dependent. The software used for regression analysis is Eviews. The results of this study indicate that regional spending on the health sector has a significant effect and a positive direction on the index of human development, and regional expenditure on the education sector has a significant effect and positive direction on the index of human development

Cash Waqf for Public Health Expenditure

Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis have imposed constraints on government spending and increased borrowing to redevelop the economy. Thus, there is a need for alternative funding sources to ease the government's financial burden. Cash waqf has the potential to finance public health sector expenditures. Additionally, giving behavior plays a significant role in establishing cash waqf funds and ensuring the sustainability of waqf institutions. This paper examines the views of the public, specifically Muslims in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, regarding cash waqf and their willingness to contribute to it as an alternative financing method for public healthcare expenditures. The research framework combines variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and additional variables such as attitude, perceived behavioral control, religiosity, and trust in waqf institutions. The study finds that Muslims in the Klang Valley are aware of and willing to contribute to cash waqf for public health expenditure, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further reveals that attitude and perceived behavioral control are significant factors influencing their intention to contribute. These findings can encourage relevant authorities to consider cash waqf as an alternative financing source for public health expenditures, benefiting both Muslims and non-Muslims.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Per Kapita, Belanja Daerah Sektor Kesehatan dan Belanja Daerah Sektor Pendidikan terhadap Indeks Pemabngunan Manusia di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Periode 2010-2018

The objectives in this study are (1) To find out whether Per capita Income, Health Sector Expenditures and Education Sector Expenditures Persistently Influential on Human Development Index in Regency / City of South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2018; (2) To find out whether Per capita Income, Health Sector Expenditure and Education Sector Expenditure Simultaneously Influence Human Development Index in Regency / City of South Kalimantan Province for the period 2010-2018; (3) To find out what variables are dominantly affecting the District / City Human Development Index of South Kalimantan Province 2010-2018. This research is expected to be able to provide understanding to local governments, private parties and community institutions with an interest in economic development in the regencies / cities of South Kalimantan Province.The results of this study indicate that per capita income has a significant effect and positive direction on the index of human development, regional spending on the health sector has a significant effect and a positive direction on the index of human development and regional expenditure on the education sector has a significant effect and positive direction on the index of human development.

The Effect of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth on Gender Development Index in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province

The phenomenon of the development inequality between men and women is development problems that still occur in many regions and can be measured using gender development index. This research has purpose to analyze the factors that influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta and indentifying variables that has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research uses gender development index as dependent variable and was implemented in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, in contrast to the previous research that already exists. In this research, the author have a hypothesis formulation that all independent variables, government expenditure in education sector, government expenditure in health sector and economic growth has a positive effect on gender development index. This research uses a panel data regression analysis with fixed effect model (FEM) approach. The results of this research indicate that variable of government expenditures in education has a negative and significant effect on gender development index in Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, the variable of government expenditures in health and variable of economic growth has a positive and significant effect on gender development index in Province D.I. Yogyakarta, and the dependent variable has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta is a government expenditure on health. The implication of this research is the government to pay more attention to ability of each region in realizing the education expenditure, it is neccesary to strengthen cooperaton and equalize of mission both at the province and district/city level to optimize government performance, and need equality on education to reduce education gap in Special Region of Yogyakarta. For expenditure in the health sector, government should increase the percentage of budget allocation for health sector with provision minimum of 10 percent from local government revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) and need performance optimization in financial management so that health budget can be realized optimally as well. Meanwhile in economic growth, the government should to make equalize in the economic growth for each district or city so that can be enjoyed by all level of society. The limitations of this study are use of research data with a limited period and limited information on availability of information on each research variable used

Impact of Health and Agriculture Financing on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study focused on the impact of health and agriculture financing on economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The study utilized the time series data which was extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin. Unit Root test was performed with the use of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test in order to ascertain the stationarity of all the variables and they were all found to be stationary at order 1 in the two specified models (composite and disaggregated). Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to analyze the data in order to determine the speed of adjustment from the short run to the long run equilibrium state. Casualty test was used to confirm causal relationship among the variables of interests. The study revealed that Federal Government expenditure in Health sector has a significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Federal Government expenditure in Agricultural sector equally had a positive effect on economic growth but surprisingly not significant. Considering the disaggregated form, Federal Government capital expenditure in both Health and Agricultural sectors have positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth while Federal Government recurrent expenditure on health has a positive and statistically insignificant effect in economic. It was also revealed that there is causal relationship among the variables. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Federal Government Expenditure in Health Sectors and Agriculture Sectors have effect on economic growth in Nigeria.

FARMER EXCHANGE RATE , GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH OF THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

Human development is one of the factors in increasing the implementation of national development. Human development that is carried out can be calculated with the level of human health and standard of living. Then the level of the human development index can also affect the value of increasing per capita income and economic growth. The use of the model in this article was processed with the multiple linear regression program and classical assumptions test data using SPSS 22.The results of the analysis produce farmer value added (X1) which can significantly affect the human development index (Y) in North Sumatra Province, government spending in the education sector (X2) can significantly affect the Human Development Index (Y) in North Sumatra Province and government spending on health sector expenditures (X3) has no significant effect on the Human Development Index (Y) in North Sumatra Province. It shows that government spending in the health sector (X3) has not been properly realized so that it is not strong enough to increase the Human Development index in North Sumatra Province. The results of the research on government spending in the education sector (X1) have a dominant effect in increasing the human development index in the province of North Sumatera.

Unseen Costs: The Direct and Indirect Impact of U.S. Immigration Policies on Child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being.

Shifts in migration and border control policies may increase the likelihood of trauma exposure related to child–parent separation and result in costs to the health system and society. In the present study, we estimated direct and indirect costs per child as well as overall cohort costs of border control policies on migrant children and adolescents who were separated from their parents, detained, and placed in the custody of the United States following the implementation of the 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy. Economic modeling techniques, including a Markov process and Monte Carlo simulation, based on data from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's Core Data Set (N = 458 migrant youth) and published studies were used to estimate economic costs associated with three immigration policies: No Detention, Family Detention, and Zero Tolerance. Clinical evaluation data on mental health symptoms and disorders were used to estimate the initial health state and risks associated with additional trauma exposure for each scenario. The total direct and indirect costs per child were conservatively estimated at $33,008, $33,790, and $34,544 after 5 years for No Detention, Family Detention, and Zero Tolerance, respectively. From a health system perspective, annual estimated spending increases ranged from $1.5 million to $14.9 million for Family Detention and $2.8 million to $29.3 million for Zero Tolerance compared to baseline spending under the No Detention scenario. Border control policies that increase the likelihood of child and adolescent trauma exposure are not only morally troubling but may also create additional economic concerns in the form of direct health care costs and indirect societal costs.

The Influence of Government Expenditure in Education and Health Sector on The Poverty in Gorontalo

This study aims to determine how much influence the Government Expenditure of Education Sector and Health Sector on Poverty in Gorontalo City. This research uses quantitative methods. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance Ministry of Finance using the econometrics method through multiple linear regression equations in the form of 10-year time series data (2008-2017). The results showed that 1) Education sector government expenditure has a positive effect on the level of poverty in Gorontalo City 2) Government health sector expenditure has a negative effect on poverty levels in Gorontalo City.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Poverty, Government Expenditure, Education Sector, Health Sector.

Assessing the relationship between natural space exposures and cases of incident antidepressant and anxiolytic prescription dispensation across Vancouver, Canada

OPS 29: Green space and neurological effects, Room 411, Floor 4, August 28, 2019, 1:30 PM - 3:00 PM Background/Aim: Mental illness costs Canada at least $50 billion annually, due partially to (a) antidepressants and anxiolytics being among the ten most commonly prescribed drugs and (b) prescription drug costs representing the fastest-rising source of Canadian health-sector expenditures. Although research has linked exposure to bluespace, such as rivers and oceans, and greenspace, such as parks and street trees, to mental health benefits, very few studies have examined relationships between natural spaces and the psychotropic prescriptions related to mental illness. Methods: This nested case-control study applied twelve residential postal-code level measures from a Natural Space Index (NSI) previously developed for greater Vancouver, Canada to population-based incident antidepressant and anxiolytic prescription dispensation data. Cohort members residing in the region who received a relevant dispensation in 2008-2012 were matched to controls based on age and sex. Conditional logistic regression models were used to quantify the effects of natural space exposures in samples ranging from 304,455 to 816,741 members in size, depending on exposure measure. Models were adjusted for area-level socioeconomic status, population density, and walkability. Results: In adjusted models, the presence of ten additional street trees within 100-500 meters of a residential postal code was associated with a 1-4% reduction in the odds of incident dispensation, with larger reductions for smaller buffers and for antidepressants alone. Higher surrounding residential greenness (a 0.1-point increase in the Enhanced Vegetation Index) was linked to a 3% decrease for antidepressant dispensation and a 2% decrease for any dispensation. Associations with other measures, particularly binary access to natural spaces and park quality, were mixed. Conclusions: This is the first known study to link individual natural space exposures with population-level psychotropic prescription data. The findings indicate benefits for both street trees and surrounding greenness, while highlighting the need to further define accessibility and bluespace measures.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KESEJAHTERAAN ANAK DI INDONESIA

This study aims to find out determine of child welfare in Indonesia by using Composite Children Welfare Index. The data used are secondary data in the form of cross section in 2015, with documentation data collection techniques and library studies obtained from relevant institutions and agencies. The variables used are Child Welfare, Income per capita, Income Distribution, Female Literacy Rate, Goverment Expenditure in education and health sector. The research methods used are: (1) Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Analysis, (2) Classical Assumption Test. The results of the study show that (1) Income per capita is positive and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (2) Income distribustion is positive and significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (3) Female Literacy Rate is positive and significant on the child welfare in Indonesia. (4) Goverment expenditure in education sector is negative and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia(5) Goverment expenditure in health sector is negative and not significant on the child welfare in Indonesia(5) Income per capita, distribution income, female literacy rate, and goverment expenditure in eduacation and health statistically significant on the child welfare. So, only income distribution and female rate literacy is significant on the child welfare.

The causality of road traffic fatalities with its determinants in upper middle income countries: A continent-wide comparison

This study aims to compare the causality and elasticity of road traffic fatalities (RTF) with their determinants for upper middle income countries from three continents by using annual data from 1994 to 2016. Vector Error Correction Model revealed the long run causality of RTF (Asia, Europe, America), GDP (Asia), rainfall (Europe), and population density (Europe, America). Two-way short-run causality was established in three panels of UMICs between RTF and rainfall (Asia), RTF and GDP (Europe, America), and RTF and population density (America). Short-run uni-directional causal association was also observed from RTF to GDP (Asia), RTF to rainfall (Europe, America), RTF to population density (Asia, Europe), and health expenditures to RTF (Europe). A significant fall in RTF was observed due to 1% rise in the share of health expenditures in GDP in UMICs from Asia (0.267%), Europe (0.064%), and America (0.549%). The significant rise in RTF was0.180%, 0.241%, and 0.702%due to 1%increase in per capita GDP in Asia, Europe, and America. The road safety is reduced due to rainfall because the rise in RTF was 0.082%and 0.260%for 1% rise in the rainfall in Asia and America, respectively. The impact of population density was beneficial for the road safety because the decrease in RTF was 0.246%, 0.234%, and 0.977% for 1% rise in the population density in Asia, Europe, and America. The governments should make strict policies for traffic laws implementation. The government should allocate more budget for health sector expenditures. The governments should include traffic education as part of syllabus from primary to higher studies. Government should create awareness about the loss due to road crashes.

Analysis of Efficiency of Government Expenditure In Health Sector in Central Java Province in 2012-2014

Health is one of the important factors in the success of the economic development in a country. The Government has managed the health budgets of at least ten percent of the total of the available local government budget. However, the amount of health budget has not been balanced yet by the optimal achievement of health status. This research aims at analyzing the technical efficiency level of the expenditure cost and the health service system and the target of improvement in order to achieve the efficiency in Central Java province in 2012-2014. This research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method that will yield a relative efficiency value. The research uses health budget as the input variable, uses facilities and health services as the intermediate output variable, and uses the health status as the outcome variable. The assumption used is: Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and the output oriented model. The results of research that use the DEA method show that with the cost technical efficiency there are only five regencies/cities (14.3%) that have achieved an efficiency of 100 percent. While with the system technical efficiency there are only eleven regencies/cities (31.4%) that have achieved an efficient condition. This means, most regencies/cities in Central Java Province have not still efficient yet in the use of expenditure of health sector budget.