Quality Expectations Research Articles

Implementation of an Independent Curriculum in Supporting Students' Freedom to Create and Learn

As one of the efforts to improve the quality of teaching in education, the government is trying to produce various necessary policies. This will be important because until now there is still a gap between reality and expectations of learning quality. Currently, the quality of our learning is not in line with what is expected as the presence of an independent curriculum is expected to strengthen learning transformation efforts. The implementation of the curriculum has been repeatedly carried out improvements and changes as an effort to improve the previous curriculum. This research explains and provides an overview of the implementation of the independent curriculum in supporting creative freedom and learning. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the curriculum in schools in supporting creative freedom and learning has been implemented optimally and is ongoing, although in its implementation there are still many shortcomings and obstacles. To succeed in implementing an independent curriculum, joint efforts and synergy are needed. The Ministry of Religious Affairs is expected to contribute positively to the implementation of the independent curriculum starting in 2023.

Surgical Treatment of Congenital Heart Diseases Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults

The outcome of treatment of adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) depends on the adequacy of diagnosis with a thorough assessment of hemodynamics and the correctness of the chosen tactics. Enormous success has been achieved, various classifications and algorithms for managing children and adults with this nosology have been created and are widely used. Thanks to the creation and widespread introduction into clinical practice of various types of drugs, the results of surgical treatment of CHD with PH have improved significantly. A new cluster of patients has emerged who can undergo palliative surgery against the background of irreversible pulmonary hypertension, leading to a significant improvement in the quality and life expectancy. At the same time, to this day, it is far from always possible to evaluate each specific case with full confidence in the possibility of performing surgical treatment. Modern advances in CHD cardiac surgery have significantly expanded the indications for the correction of defects with high PH in adults. Operability (implying normalization of pulmonary artery pressure) and indications for palliative surgery (without regression of PH, but with an improvement in the quality and life expectancy of patients) are still the main debatable issues.

What Drives People’s Behavioral Intention Toward Telemedicine? An Emerging Economy Perspective

Because healthcare systems in developing nations are underfunded and unequal, practitioners must understand how telemedicine may be widely introduced and sustained. Unfortunately, telemedicine adoption receives less attention and there is limited knowledge regarding the interfering influence of patient engagement, satisfaction, and individual innovativeness. Consequentially, the current study seeks to investigate the factors that influence patients’ behavioral intentions toward telemedicine, while acknowledging engagement and satisfaction as mediators and personal innovativeness as a moderator. A questionnaire instrument was used to reach telemedicine users in Bangladesh, and finally, 305 samples were curated and explored applying structural equation modeling in AMOS software. The empirical results show that information quality, performance expectancy, engagement, and satisfaction are strong stimulators of behavioral intention toward telemedicine, whereas functionality, information quality, and performance expectancy drive satisfaction and engagement. One of the worthy findings of this study is that engagement and satisfaction play a significant mediating function, while personal innovativeness plays a moderating role, in influencing behavioral intention toward telemedicine. Confirming engagement and satisfaction as mediators and innovativeness as a moderator adds originality to this research, and overall will help to reduce healthcare bias prejudice among marginalized people in developing countries like Bangladesh.

전자책(e-book)·오디오북(audio-boook)·챗북(chat-book)의 만족도 및 재이용의도 연구

This study starts with the premise that changes in consumption methods, production of various digital contents, the emergence of new generations, and the spread of new media inevitably change the publishing industry amid the advancement of the digital age, and starts with a question of how e-books, audio-books, and chat-books are accepted by users. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, it was found that expectations for service quality had a positive (+) effect on service quality performance in all e-book, audio-book, and chat-book platforms. Second, in the case of e-books and audio-books, service quality expectations had a negative (-) effect on the expected mismatch, while chat-books did not show a significant influence relationship. Third, it was found that service quality performance had a positive (+) effect on expectation mismatch in all e-book, audio-book, and chat-book platforms. Fourth, in the case of audio-books and chat-books, service quality performance had a positive (+) effect on platform satisfaction, while e-books did not show a significant influence relationship. Fifth, in the case of e-books and audio-books, expectation mismatch had a positive (+) effect on platform satisfaction, while chat-books did not show a significant influence relationship. Finally, it was found that platform satisfaction had a positive (+) effect on reuse intention in all e-books, audio-books, and chat-books. It is expected that this study will be used as an initial data comparing and analyzing the satisfaction and reuse intention of e-book, audio-book, and chat-book platforms based on the expectancy disconfirmation theory, and will serve as a meaningful stepping stone for future research.

Factors Affecting Intention Behind the Use of Cryptocurrency

This study aims to examine the relationship between cryptocurrency by using factors (Security, Perceived Ease of Use, E-WOM, Web Quality and Performance Expectancy) with the Intention of using Cryptocurrency. This study examines the use of cryptocurrency as well as customers. In this study, a survey method was used to collect data from the respondents, which included businessmen and business students. For data analysis, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was adopted using partial least squares via smart PLS4. This software is the most recent and relevant software to access data. The test was applied through PLS for the assessment of the measure model and for the assessment of the structural model. Assessment of the measure model shows positive results for reliability and validity, and the result of the structural model shows that the hypotheses generated for this study have been accepted.

Osteosarcopenia as a satellite of aging

World achievements in the field of science, health technologies and socio-economic development at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries have increased the life expectancy of people. It is estimated that by 2050 the number of people over 60 will reach 2 billion people. In all countries, there is an increase in life expectancy with a disproportionately large increase in the number of elderly people. To solve the problems of aging-related diseases and reduce the burden on health systems, a better understanding of age-related diseases and methods of their diagnosis is required. Some of the diseases that accompany aging are sarcopenia and osteoporosis. As the body ages, bone loss occurs, in parallel with this, muscle strength decreases significantly (dynapenia), followed by a decrease in muscle mass (sarcopenia). Thus, osteoporosis (osteopenia) and sarcopenia are combined into a geriatric syndrome called “osteosarcopenia”, which is a common multifactorial musculoskeletal syndrome. Osteosarcopenia increases the risk of falls, fractures and hospitalization, leads to a deterioration in the quality and life expectancy of patients. The biology of osteosarcopenia is best understood in the context of systemic neuroendocrine and immune/ inflammatory changes that cause decreased autophagy and cellular aging in bone and muscle. To date, specific treatment of osteosarcopenia has not been developed, however, there are a number of preventive measures. Regular exercise, consumption of protein, calcium, vitamin D and prevention of falls and fractures are necessary to maintain the musculoskeletal unit and allow you to delay the onset of this condition. The article reflects the pathogenetic aspects, primary and secondary causes of osteosarcopenia, diagnostic criteria, methods of prevention and possibilities of drug therapy.

The Impact of Applying the Target Cost Approach on Products' Structure (Products Pricing, Development and Quality)

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of applying the target cost approach on product structure in industrial public shareholding companies in Jordan. Theoretical framework: The purpose of applying target cost approach on products' structure (products pricing, development and quality) and it is ability to reduce costs and improvements that can be obtained in the process of applying target cost approach. Numerous research related to applying target cost approach have been conducted, with the majority focusing on large companies. However, Jordanian industrial companies have limitations compared to large companies. Repairability is considered for cost optimization. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the analytical approach through the study tool (Questionnaire). The study population consisted of Jordanian industrial companies, which reached (56) companies in 2022, according to the monthly statistical periodical of the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). A sample of (42) companies was selected, and the questionnaire was distributed to (The Financial Manager, Production Manager, Sales Manager, and Accountant) for each company. The number of questionnaires approved for statistical analysis was (130), representing (77%) of the distributed questionnaires. This study uses different tests to analyze the data and extract results related to the statistical methods, i.e., the descriptive statistic, Cronbach's Alpha Equation, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis. Findings: The study found that there is a strong relationship between the target cost approach and the product structure, with the existence of a statistically-significant effect, whereas the correlation coefficient value reached (0.808); thus, the target cost approach contributes to developing products and improving profitability through focusing on the analysis process of the possibilities of product success, before allocating the productive resources thereof. It has also contributed to reducing the cost during the production stages from its beginning while maintaining the products' quality, and it also leads to increasing sales volume through the pricing mechanism based on the target cost. Through the answers of the study sample individuals, it is pointed out that the arithmetic mean of the target cost approach is high, as it reached (3.77) and the standard deviation is (0.57), as well as the arithmetic means of the products' structure is high, as the pricing element came in the first class, with arithmetic means of (3.86) and standard deviation of (0.51), then the development element came in the second class, with arithmetic means of (3.78) and standard deviation of (0.58), whereas the quality element came in the third-class, with arithmetic means of (3.75) and standard deviation of (0.53). The results of the regression analysis also indicate that there is a statistically significant effect of the target cost approach on the quality of products, with (R²) (46.3%) which represents the proportion of explanation in the variance of the dependent variable. The findings of the study highlighted that there is a statistically-significant effect of the target cost approach in product development with (R²) with (37.5%) which indicates that the target cost explains (37.5%) of the difference in the product development. The results also indicate that there is a statistically significant effect of the target cost approach in product pricing with R) value indicating a high-strength correlation between the target cost approach and product pricing, which is (0.812). Research Practical implications: It is necessary to pay attention to qualifying workers by developing programs that deal profoundly with the approachs and modern systems of costs, such as the target cost system and the value chain as these approachs and accounting systems will be intensively adopted in the future for their outstanding role in developing product performance, Pricing and improving its quality. Originality/value: The study recommended that it is necessary to develop successful products and price them based on the target cost by balancing the company's ability and customers' needs, as well as using methods that lead to consistency and harmony between products' quality and customers' expectations. The study also recommended focusing on qualifying workers by developing programs that profoundly tackle the approaches and modern systems of costs, such as the target costing system

Leveraging product quality and price for attainment of the manufacturer's economic objectives

PurposeThis paper analytically models and numerically investigates two operating levers, namely optimization of product price and optimization of product quality in the context of a manufacturer that sells the products directly in the marketplace. The study attempts to identify how optimizing product quality and product price can fulfill a manufacturer's economic aims such as maximization of the manufacturer's profit and market demand. Anchored to the extant literature, the demand is modeled as a parametric joint multiplicative function of price and quality. Further, price is modeled as a function of product quality.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors evolve the analytical expression for the manufacturer's profit. Thereafter, following the mathematical principles of unconstrained optimization, the authors arrive at the conditions for optimal product quality and product price. The authors further perform numerical experiments to understand the behavior of economic dimensions such as profit and demand with respect to sensitivities associated with cost, quality and price.FindingsThe authors find that under product quality optimization, the optimal product quality is a unique solution in that a highest possible theoretical manufacturer's profit is obtained. However, in the case of product price optimization, the optimal product price is non-unique and is a function of product quality. The authors further find that in the context of functional quality-level expectations, product quality optimization as an operating lever gives a better dividend. However, in the case of higher product quality expectations, product price optimization performs better than product quality optimization. Further, several novel findings are also obtained from numerical experimentations.Originality/valueThe findings of the authors' study have implications for types of industries characterized by relatively low as well as relatively high competitive intensity. Further, as opposed to several extant studies that have often carried out joint optimization of quality and price, the authors' study is one of the first to study the impact of product price and product quality on the manufacturer's economic objective in a disparate and focused manner, thus capturing individual effects.

ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПРИМЕНЕНИЮ АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В ТЕРАПИИ САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, multifactorial metabolic disease that tends to steadily increase and affects the quality and life expectancy of the population. Cardiovascular complications accompanying this endocrine pathology most often lead to early disability and are the cause of death of patients. The main role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies belongs to the manifestation of free radical oxidation (SRO). Based on this premise, the purpose of our study was to study the effectiveness of taking an antioxidant (AO) of plant origin – dihydroquercetin (DHA) in the conditions of complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes living in the northern region. 132 people were examined, of which 78 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the main group, 54 representatives of the alien population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra were included in the control group (conditionally healthy, without metabolic disorders). The content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood of all the examined persons was determined

Exploring the use and perceptions of inner-city small urban parks: A case study of Budapest, Hungary

Globally, accelerating urbanization has led to a severe shortage of urban green spaces. This scarcity is particularly acute in inner cities with high population densities and ratios of built-up areas. To explore park visitors’ usage and perceptions, we present the results of a survey of 681 individuals from different socioeconomic groups conducted in four small urban parks in Budapest, Hungary’s capital. The survey results found that people living near the block parks were their primary users, but many people from distant areas also visited the parks due to their good accessibility. In addition, findings show that the green components of the parks were generally more satisfactory to users than other amenities, indicating higher quality expectations for cultural ecosystem services in small urban green spaces. However, perceptions of park safety varied across socioeconomic groups, suggesting that views of safety did not necessarily reflect actual park security. Finally, while most respondents stated they would not want to contribute to park maintenance, young people, particularly neighborhood newcomers, showed greater willingness to volunteer for such work.

Through the lens of ideology: Asymmetry in expectations of movie quality

ABSTRACT Studies of political ideology show that liberals and conservatives have contrasting tastes in entertainment media. While most research has focused on the causes (such as personality traits) of these differences in taste, little is known about whether differences extend to judgments of quality. The present study uses an experiment asking participants to evaluate a movie after reading a review that is positive except for a statement about its strong message which varied in its identification of a political outlook. Results show that both liberal and conservative participants are less interested in seeing a movie that promotes a contrary political message. Participants’ responses were less symmetrical on expectations of quality, with conservatives less likely to say the movie would be good. This study’s design avoids differences in social network sizes and signaling. Its results show that liberals are more likely than conservatives to assess a product’s appeal separately from its value.

46‐1: Invited Paper: Large Scale Outdoor Display Systems: Applications and Technology Trends

Applications for Large Scale Outdoor Display Systems continue to expand and enable digital visual communication to an audience in more physical spaces than ever before. These displays can range in size from one to hundreds of square meters and must perform in challenging environmental conditions while meeting expectations for image quality and minimizing environmental impact. This paper will explore LED technologies that support today's applications and the technologies that may support future applications. LED and reflective technologies will be presented with the advantages and limitations highlighted by application

P191 Is abnormal glucose tolerance driving lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis?

CF related diabetes (CFRD) is still one of the major comorbidities in CF and is affecting 30% of adult CF patients. CFRD leads to a poorer outcome with decline in lung function, increase lung infections and impaired nutritional status. In the decade of CFTR modulator therapy that will have great impact on life quality and life expectation it is even more important to understand the inflammatory pathways that lead to CFRD. In our study we want to investigate the connection between CFRD and impaired lung function. We want to examine if there are different expressions of cytokines and bacterial load in the airways of CF patients depending on their glucose tolerance.

Artistic Style Transfer using Deep Learning and Style Fusion- a Review

In recent years, after the study ‘A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style’ published by Gatys et al. in 2016b, research on style transfer boomed drastically. Style transfer is the process of copying an art style from a ‘style image’ to the contents of the ‘content image’ and producing a ‘draft image’ that is on par with respect to quality expectations. This paper explores different techniques of achieving style transformations namely Style Fusion and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Although CNNs are the state-of-the-art architecture to tackle cognitive visual tasks, and that they clearly perform much better than most conventional algorithms, the image processing-based style fusion method comes close to the CNN in terms of image output quality and supersedes in terms of time and computation and resources complexity. The procedure of both of these methods has been discussed in detail in this paper and it was concluded that CNNs have a lot more room for improvement that can be facilitated by the availability of better and larger datasets.

The impact of quality of C2C online store on consumer satisfaction: an empirical study in Lithuania

Abstract Thanks to constantly improving software packages, apps, and technologies themselves, creating and improving websites has become much easier. Excess or lack of information, inappropriate layout of website management, inefficiency of additional functions, excess of visual material - these are the problems faced by website users. These problems are usually not of a technological nature, so the change in technology will not determine what the user wants and what problems he faces. However, studies have ignored the fact that the type of business can affect decision outcomes (i.e., website evaluation) may also influence the perceived satisfaction and trust. This article examines consumer satisfaction and trust with services provided by the C2C websites. This study first proposes an analytical model that contains website quality indicators of consumer satisfaction and trust. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are generated on the basis of the findings and analysis. The results showed a positive effect of website quality on consumer trust and satisfaction, which was partially mediated through consumer trust. Moreover, consumer trust had a positive association with all website quality indicators and satisfaction. The C2C website business should understand the consumer’s website quality expectations with respect to online shopping, to attract new consumers and to retain their existing consumers.

E-SERV-EX: A Multi-item Scale for Measuring Customer Expectations from the Online Retail Services

Purpose: The purpose of this article is the scale development, refinement, and psychometric evaluation of the multi-item scale (E-SERV-EX) for assessing the customers’ expectations from the online retail services and exploring the impact of different demographic and behavioral factors on customer’s expectation. Design/Methodology/Approach: It was conclusive research, which is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. Data were collected through a survey method using a structured questionnaire from 518 respondents, selected through judgmental sampling from Delhi NCT. The primary statistical tools used in the study were exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis for scale development, and partial least square-structural equation modelling for hypothesis testing. Findings: The final scale had 31 items divided into nine dimensions. Assurance/trust, efficiency, fulfillment/reliability, responsiveness, security/privacy, web-design, personalization, price aspects, and customer engagement. Scales demonstrated good psychometric properties based on the findings from various reliability and validity tests conducted in this study. Web design was the most crucial factor, and personalization was the least important factor expected. When we speak about demographic factors, males had more expectations than females in individual and overall expectations. With an increase in age and income, customers’ expectations from online retailer services decrease. With the increase in distance from the physical retail outlet, customers’ expectations from online retail service increase. Consumers with more experience in internet usage and online retail usage had higher expectations. Consumers who surf and purchase more from online retailers also expect more. Practical Implications: The e-expectation scale developed in this study will help marketers and retailers better understand e-service quality expectations. Knowing the consumers’ expectations would help the retailers in framing the e-marketing mix and strategies. The expectations scale can be used in policy formulation and web designing. This scale will also help fill GAP 1 (expected service and management’s perceptions of consumer expectations) and GAP 5 (customer expectations and customer perceptions) of the service quality gap model of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry. Originality/Value: This research paper contributes to the literature by developing, refining, and evaluating a novel multi-item scale, E-SERV-EX, with good psychometric properties for measuring customer expectations from online retail services whereas most of the papers in the past measured the perceptions. E-SERV-EX can be employed by marketers, retailers, and policymakers to develop effective e-marketing strategies, web designs, and policy formulation by understanding consumer expectations. Most importantly, this scale helps fill GAP 1 (expected service and management’s perceptions of consumer expectations) and GAP 5 (customer expectations and customer perceptions) of the service quality gap model proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry.

Onconephrology: The time has come

Why did this time come and how this direction (subspecialty) onconephrology formed?
 The effect of actual renal cancer (RC) or malignant lesions of extrarenal localization on the condition of the kidney is realized in different ways. Renal cancer can occur in a healthy kidney or a patient with CKD of any stage, moreover, the higher the stage, the higher the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [1]. It can cause kidney damage due to the formation of almost the entire spectrum of glomerulopathies or A-amyloidosis [2]. 25-30% of patients with RCC before surgery have CKD of various stages [3].
 In addition, almost any extrarenal localization of a malignant process can directly or indirectly cause damage to healthy kidneys or worsen the course of pre-existing CKD, and an increase in its stage limits the options for choosing a treatment option [4].
 Antitumor therapy, as it has significant nephrotoxic potential, can be another source of various glomerulopathies, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury, and increased rate of progression of CKD [5].
 In general, it became clear that RC and malignant processes of extrarenal localization can cause a wide range of negative kidney consequences; under both scenarios, treatment results, quality, and life expectancy of cancer patients deteriorate significantly.
 The issue of starting or stopping the use of dialysis renal replacement therapy methods, kidney transplantation in patients who have survived cancer, and the risks of developing cancer in patients after kidney transplantation and its treatment is difficult to resolve.
 This is far from the complete list of reasons that encouraged the American Society of Nephrology to hold the first onconephrology forum in 2011, including the first demonstration of the need for the formation of a new component of nephrology, onconephrology.
 In 2014, the International Community on Cancer and Kidneys (C-KIN) was established, and in 2015, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was founded. In 2017, C-KIN launched the Journal of Onconephrology (JON).
 In 2019, for the first time in Ukraine, at the national oncourology conference, the report "Onconephrology: the time has come" was published, which caused a lively discussion.
 Since that time, at all nephrology events of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medical Sciences, the onconephrology topics were discussed.
 In 2022, the "Onconephrology" module was included in the specialization program in nephrology, which is carried out at the State "Institute of Nephrology of NAMA of Ukraine" (order of the Ministry of Education and Culture No. 159-d of 06.09.2021).
 Therefore, solving the majority of the components of the problem of the combination of oncopathology and kidney damage requires either the participation of a multidisciplinary team (oncologist, nephrologist, intensivist, urologist, hematologist, etc.), or a specialist who possesses the listed knowledge and skills in the necessary volumes, i.e. onconephrologist.

Analysis of the availability of health technologies for the treatment of phenylketonuria in Ukraine and the world

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare (orphan) disease characterized by a severe, chronic, progressive course. Patients' quality of life depends on timely detection (screening) and proper treatment - the use of special medical food products, and therefore, their availability and affordability. The goal (objective) of the study is to analyze the available health technologies for the treatment of PKU in Ukraine and the world. Materials and methods. Research objects: scientific publications, guidelines, statistical data, marketing information. Methods: analysis, comparison, generalization, system analysis. Results of the research. Guidelines and protocols for the treatment of patients with PKU/HFA define a diet as a key component, taking into account the age and features of the course of the disease. The analysis of providing patients with PKU with special medical food products in different countries shows significant differences in the approaches to their assignment and reimbursement. The quantity, availability, range and composition of these products vary significantly. In the UK, they are included in the national formulary, are available on prescription and are subject to reimbursement. In Ukraine, local authorities provide PKU patients with special medical food products by procurement through the ProZorro electronic system in accordance with the calculated need. In the domestic market, there is a wide range of specialized products for patients with PKU/HFA, mainly of imported production, which have a high cost and, accordingly, low accessibility for the population. Conclusions. The introduction of reference centers and extended neonatal screening, the creation of a register of such patients, the development of domestic production of products for PKU/HPA, and the creation of effective procurement and reimbursement mechanisms will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment, the quality and life expectancy of patients.

Patients with gastrointestinal cancer are more susceptible to unintentional weight loss after chemotherapy treatment

There is growing evidence showing that some chemotherapeutic agents employed for oncology treatments contribute to the induction of anorexia, leading to weight loss and the reduction of muscle mass due to the effects of treatment and the tumor, which may trigger the cachexia syndrome. Owing to the complexity of the diagnosis and body evaluation in these patients, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of oncology patients submitted to chemotherapy treatment showing a weight loss greater than 5%. We screened 220 oncology patients and shortlisted 10 patients diagnosed with different types of tumors assisted by the Instituto Ribeirãopretano de Combate ao Câncer under chemotherapy treatment and who presented weight loss greater than 5%. Anthropometric data such as weight, height and arm circumference (AC) was used for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). We also used the Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) and Arm Muscle Area (AMB) and the application of the Oncology Patient Global Nutrition Questionnaire. The results point out that cancer patients presented different anthropometric classification pre-diagnosis and after the beginning of anticancer treatment resulting from the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and the reduction in the volume of food ingested. Gastrointestinal tract cancer patients presented greater short-term weight loss when compared to other types of tumors. We suggest that the observed weight loss may be related to the MFLOX and FOLFOX treatment protocols, in addition to the reduction in food intake (while maintaining good nutritional quality). These factors together may lead to the reduction of life quality and life expectancy and worsened patients’ prognosis.

Correlation analysis of blood biochemical and morphological markers in small breeds dogs with obesity

Purpose : the study of biochemical and morphological indicators of the blood of dogs of small breeds with obesity depending on age, breed and weight. Materials and methods . The analysis of biochemical and morphological indicators of blood 21 dogs of small breeds in the summer-autumn period was analyzed. The age distribution was from 3 to 13 years. In the blood serum, the level of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, total calcium, phosphorus, the activity of aspartateataminostrostrostrase (asat), alanineine -orgrase (alat), alkaline phosphatase were determined. In stabilized blood, indicators of hematocrit, hemoglobin, the number of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets were determined. The determination of blood indicators was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results . Higher indicators of the activity of asat enzymes and alkaline phosphatase in the absence of a significant increase in the activity of Alat, the activity of which will increase primarily with the liver damage, were identified. When evaluating red blood indicators, the most visual change was a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit, both with the course of age and with an increase in body weight. This may indicate inhibition of hematopoietic function in animals with increased fat mass of the body, possibly due to chronic prolonged inflammation as a result of the release of inflammatory adipokins with fat tissue. The chronic damaging effect of the presumably adipokins of adipose tissue, expressed in the non -specific increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes, anemia of chronic inflammation and moderate leukocytosis in the absence of obvious clinical signs. All of these factors have a negative impact on the work of all organs and systems, including reproductive, as well as significantly reduce the quality and life expectancy of dogs.